B&S exam 2

Focused on avoiding punishment

Pre-conventional

"employees should understand how their individual effort contributes to the company's company strategic direction and revenue" - is a definition of: a. line of sight b. involvement c. individuation d. information sharing e. rewards and recognition

a. line of sight

"physician, do no harm!" is an example of: a. consequential theory b. Deontological theory c. Utilitarianism d. Virtue ethics

d. Virtue ethics

A situation is considered morally intense: a. if peers consider the issue to be moral b. if the issue is ethically framed c. is the consequences to others is high and they are likely to occur d. all of the above

d. all of the above

According to Professor Becker;s research, social responsibility should also include: a. family-owned business b. public sector business c. international business d. all of the above

d. all of the above

"What kind of world would this be if everyone acted this way?"

deontology

language, role models, norms, rituals

informal organizational culture

proactive

lead the industry

A hypocritical leader has the characteristics of a strong moral manager and the characteristics of a weak moral person

true

An organization can be convicted of a crime even if only one employee breaks the law

true

Cognitive scripts are shortcuts that allow us to act unconsciously and automatically

true

Values based approaches to ethics are rooted in culture and are aligned with proactive commitment from senior management

true

the discussion about the source of ethical/unethical behavior reflects the broader nature/nurture debate in psychology

true

In the Venn diagram relationship between business ethics and the law, the law represents: a. society's minimum norms and standard of business conduct b. society's maximum norms and standards of business conduct c. a relatively higher standard because what is legal and what is ethical do not overlap d. the highest standard of society's expectations of business conduct

a. society's minimum norms and standard of business conduct

In __ standards and guidelines are know and shared by all, providing common direction for day-to-day behavior: a. strong organizational culture b. highly competitive organizational culture c. heroic stories about organizational culture

a. strong organizational culture

The level of principled reasoning of cognitive moral development considers that: a. unquestioned obedience to authority represents a low level of thinking about moral reasoning b. it is the actual decision that is important, not the reasoning involved c. individuals should obey authority and rules that are in their immediate interest d. individuals should live by what is expected by their peers e. upholding society's low determines how individuals should at

a. unquestioned obedience to authority represents a low level of thinking about moral reasoning

Your direct report Trevor takes actions at work that display his own personal agenda, no apparent compass, and no sign that he understands business rules. Management should: a. use Trevor as an example and provide swift discipline b. heightened Trevor's supervision c. encourage Trevor to follow the rules d. show reinforcement when Trevor does something right e. provide additional ethical training

a. use Trevor as an example and provide swift discipline

The first case in the U.S. in which a company was charged with murder: a. Enron b. Ford c. Toyota d. Exxon e. Merck

b. Ford

Characteristics of individuals that influence ethical decision making include: a. organizational culture b. cognitive biases c. peer pressure d. all of the above

b. cognitive biases

most adults are at the __ level of cognitive moral development and their action is __: a. conventional; based on avoidance of punishment b. conventional; based on what others thing, say, and do c. postconventional; based on the best outcome for society d. postconventional; based on their religion or guiding principles

b. conventional; based on what others thing, say, and do

Which of the following statements is true? a. "bad apples" are just a few individuals who spoil it for the rest of us b. employees' good behavior can be spoiled by a "bad barrel" c. ethics cannot be taught because individuals come into an organization already as a "bad apple" d. "bad barrels" are caused by "bad apples" in an organization

b. employees' good behavior can be spoiled by a "bad barrel"

According to Deal and Kennedy, in the Bet Your Company culture: a. feedback is quick and the risks and rewards are high b. feedback is slow and the risks and rewards are high c. feedback is quick and then risks and rewards are low d. feedback is sloe and the risks and rewards are low

b. feedback is slow and the risks and rewards are high

According to class discussion and text, when a __ employee makes an ethical error, senior management must react quickly by making an example with firm punishment: a. loose cannon b. grenade c. good soldier d. novice e. boot camp

b. grenade

"I'll scratch your back if you scratch mine" exemplifies the cognitive moral development stage of: a. mutual interpersonal expectations b. individual instrumental purpose and exchange c. punishment and obedience d. social system and conscience maintenance

b. individual instrumental purpose and exchange

Stanley puts in time at work but has no energy or passion. He is "sleepwalking" on the job and "check out" most of the time. Stanley exemplifies a(n) __ employee: a. engaged b. not engaged c. actively disengaged

b. not engaged

The tendency to attend only to information that endorses the decision we prefer:

confirmation bias

Accepting a bribe

conflict of interest

organization's judgement may be clouded because of a relationship

conflict of interest

"What are all the costs and benefits for each stakeholder?"

consequentialism

Focus on interpersonal trust and social approval

conventional

Following rules or laws designed to promote the common good

conventional

Honestly representing a product in a sales pitch

customer confidence issue

According to class lecture, the standard that courts use to define hostile work environment is" a. "pornographic" b. "what the average woman or man can tolerate" c. "what the average woman or man will not tolerate" d. "hellish" e. "sexually provocative material"

d. "hellish"

Research demonstrates that people are more likely to recognize a moral issue if: a. their peers recognize it to be ethically problematic b. their decision has the potential for serious hard to others c. if moral language is used to present the issue d. all of the above

d. all of the above

According to the textbook and lecture, why is sexual harassment at work an ethical issue? a. because it is illegal b. because it has potential economic costs to the organization c. because issues of romance at work are nobody's business d. because it is a form of discrimination that focuses on factors other than ability to do the job e. all of the above

d. because it is a form of discrimination that focuses on factors other than ability to do the job

In the steps to ethical decision making, identifying duties, obligations, and principles focuses on: a. virtue ethics b. consequentialism c. utilitarianism d. deontology

d. deontology

Why is conflict of interest an ethical issue? a. it is not related to doing the job b. it involves making business decisions on factors other than ability to do the job c. it is illegal d. it erodes trust and extends favors to some at the expense of others e. it represents fulfilling your end of the employer/employee contract

d. it erodes trust and extends favors to some at the expense of others

Locus of control measures: a. the count of managerial control employers provide to managers b. the belief that we are less susceptible to risk than others c. the tendency to seek information that contradicts initial evidence d. the perception of how much control a person has over life events

d. the perception of how much control a person has over life events

ethical dilemmas are conflicts between: a. individuals b. philosophies c. organizations d. values e. truth

d. values

According to the text, you should "blow the whistle": a. at the first sign of impropriety b. if your manager is part of the problem c. when you don't know what else to do d. when all else fails e. if your attempt at a lawsuit has failed

d. when all else fails

Bet your company

development, start ups and exploration projects

Which of the following is true about research in employee engagement? a. employee engagement is rooted in trust, so managers should be fair, truthful, kind and open b. employee engagement is a primary driver of productivity c. employee engagement is the same as discretionary effort d. engaged employees have lower turnover and absenteeism e. all of the above

e. all of the above

ethical behavior can be influenced by: a. an individual's religion b. an organization's culture c. ethical training d. an individual's personality e. all of the above

e. all of the above

According to the text, cynicism about business ethics is addressed by: a. empowering managers with tools to address ethical problems b. providing positive examples of people and organizations c. providing negative examples of "bad apples" and "bad barrels" d. cynicism cannot be addressed; it is too systemic in our society e. both "a" and "b" are correct

e. both "a" and "b" are correct

The idea that people think of themselves as more ethical, fair and honest than other people: a. illusion of control b. fundamental attribution error c. confirmation bias d. illusion of optimism e. illusion of superiority

e. illusion of superiority

discretionary effort characterized by 4 drivers

employee engagement

issues of protecting people from hazards in the workplace

employee safety

considers the possibility of changing the law for socially useful purposes

postconventional

"you scratch my back, I'll scratch yours"

preconventional

groups with whom the organization has a formal contractual relationship

primary stakeholder

groups with whom the organization has obligations

secondary stakeholder

assumptions, values, beliefs, widely shared

strong organizational culture

Using social media to complain about your employer

use of corporate resources

"Follow the disclosure rule!"

virtue ethics

"What does my professional community think about that action?"

virtue ethics

"What would my relative think if i do that?"

virtue ethics

subgroup norms more influential

weak organizational culture

__ refers to the fairness of exchange: "You do this for me and I'll do that for you" a. reciprocity b. equality c. impartiality d. shared resources

a. reciprocity

The argument against teaching business ethics: a. our values are formed early in life b. adults develop moral judgment into their 30s c. Socrates said to Plato; "seek the truth" d. more research is needed before we can teach people how to behave ethically e. all of the above

a. our values are formed early in life

The selection system, policies, training and decision processes constitute __, while role models, rituals, stories, myths and language constitute __: a. formal organizational culture; informal organizational culture b. informal organizational culture; formal organizational culture c. strong organizational culture; weak organizational culture d. weak organizational culture; strong organizational culture

a. formal organizational culture; informal organizational culture

Who is more likely to take responsibility for the consequences of their actions? a. internal locus of control b. external locus of control c. pre-conventional cognitive moral development d. conventional cognitive moral development

a. internal locus of control

Why is use of corporate resources an ethical issue? a. because it represents fulfilling your end of the employer/employee contract b. because abusing company resources is illegal c. because your employment status may be in jeopardy d. use of corporate resources in not an ethical issue, it is a legal issue

a. because it represents fulfilling your end of the employer/employee contract

__ focuses on doing what is "right" based on broad, absolute, universal moral principles or values: a. deontological approach b. teleological (or consequential) approach c. virtue ethics approach

a. deontological approach

Strong corporate cultures are advantageous because: a. employee motivation, productivity and loyalty are increased b. influence at the department level increases c. foreign offices can implement national cultural differences in their businesses d. all of the above

a. employee motivation, productivity and loyalty are increased

"Shared assumptions, values, and beliefs" is the definition of: a. organizational culture b. organizational ethics c. deontology d. individualism / collectivism

a. organizational culture

regarding the ethical decision making process, the textbook focuses on __ factors because __: a. individual; these factors are the main determinant of unethical behavior b. organization; these factors can be more directly controlled by managers c. individual; a few "bad apples" spoil it for the rest of us d. organization; these factors are particularly important in unambiguous situations e. both because they equally contribute to ethical decision making in business

b. organization; these factors can be more directly controlled by managers

What was Ford's reasoning behind the decision not to change production? a. Ford did not case about human lives, only profits b. the added cost of production was greater than the foreseeable societal benefit c. Ford did not believe there was enough evidence that the gas tank used in the Pinto would actually explode d. all of the above

b. the added cost of production was greater than the foreseeable societal benefit

Act as if the maxim of thy action were to become by the will a universal law of nature is: a. the veil of ignorance b. the categorical imperative c. consequentialism d. the disclosure rule e. the Golden Rule

b. the categorical imperative

tough guy macho

brokerage firms, police organizations, sports teams

An example of ethically framed language: a. "sign the check for me" b. "deposit the check on your way home" c. "forge my name on the check" d. "write out the check for the customer"

c. "forge my name on the check"

Greta is negative at work and says "it's not my job" when asked to pitch in. She has no company loyalty and undermines what others do. She exemplifies a(n) __ employee: a. engaged b. not engaged c. actively disengaged

c. actively disengaged

According to the textbook, ethical behavior is defined as: a. a set of moral principles or values that guide an individual b. rules of behavior set by the Federal government c. behavior consistent with the principles, norms, and standards agreed upon by society d. the principles, norms and standards of conduct governing an individual or group e. all of the above

c. behavior consistent with the principles, norms, and standards agreed upon by society

__ students need ethics training because they rank lower in moral reasoning than other students. a. philosophy b. political science c. business d. medical e. law

c. business

Individuals at this level of cognitive moral development internalize the shared moral norms of the work group and society: a. pre-conventional b. post-conventional c. conventional d. universal e. post universal

c. conventional

Your car has mechanical problems: you take it in for service and the mechanic claims that it is fixed for good, but problems continue and your bank account is drained. This is an example of: a. illusion of control b. fundamental attribution error c. escalation of commitment d. illusion of optimism e. overconfidence bias

c. escalation of commitment

According to the Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) pyramid, the __ responsibility is a societal expectation that is not necessarily codified into law a. economic b. legal c. ethical d. philanthropic e. moral

c. ethical

Groupthink occurs when: a. a group is working together in a cohesive, flowing manner for peak performance b. group members know each other so well that they are able to anticipate each other's ideas c. group members conform to the group's decision and are unwilling to express judgment d. a group cannot make a decision because members are unwilling to compromise

c. group members conform to the group's decision and are unwilling to express judgment

The carrot is the __ and the stick is the __ in the 1991 U. S. Sentencing Guidelines: a. goal; effective compliance b. due diligence; effective compliance c. incentive; punishment d. internal control system; illegal behavior

c. incentive; punishment

All of the following are advantages of strong corporate culture except: a. increase in employee motivation b. increase in employee productivity c. increase in groupthink d. increase in management control e. increase in work done to a similar standard

c. increase in groupthink

Colleen is one of the higher performing employees in your group has recently had family troubles. These personal issues cased her to be less flexible in her work schedule. She has come in late some mornings and missed several later afternoon meetings. However, she continues to be productive when she is at work. As her manager, what should you do? a. reprimand Colleen and put her on notice immediately b. ignore the situation because she is generally a high performer and the situation is temporary c. institute flexible work hours for all and arrange meetings when everyone can be available d. at the next group meeting, make an example out of her and her unethical behavior to deter other employees' misbehavior

c. institute flexible work hours for all and arrange meetings when everyone can be available

virtue ethics focuses on: a. utility b. honesty c. integrity d. consequences e. duty

c. integrity

Why is discrimination an ethical issue? a. human resource policies and procedures are inadequate to address discrimination b. there is a gap between the law, human resource policy and the real world c. it is at the core of fairness in the workplace d. discrimination is not an ethical issue, it is a legal issue

c. it is at the core of fairness in the workplace

In the steps to ethical decision making, a check that considers character and integrity is: a. to consider the short-term consequences b. to consider the long-term consequences c. the disclosure rule d. to send up a trial balloon e. both "a" and "b"

c. the disclosure rule

According to the text, most people are guided by a strict internal moral compass and will not be swayed by organization factors

false

Describing the decision-making process in the language of ethics does not help individuals make more ethical decisions

false

Federal laws define what is ethical. Therefore, all unethical behavior is considered unlawful.

false

Good character is the main factor determining whether an individual acts ethically in an organization

false

Research demonstrated that employees are more likely to make ethical decisions in a compliance-based approach

false

The greatest good for the greatest number is the categorical imperative

false

good character is the main factor determining whether an individual acts ethically in an organization

false

reactive

fight all the way

policy manual, training program, authority structure

formal organizational culture

Discriminating against an employee

human resource issue

the most frequent type of ethical dilemma

human resource issue

tendency to believe that we are less susceptible to risk

illusion of control

tendency to overestimate likelihood of positive future events

illusion of optimism

Manager touring new plant is impressed that every employee understands the company's biggest competitor, current stock price, current capacity, all of its customers

information sharing

managers encourage two-way communication so that issues are quickly identifies and resolved

involvement

work hard play hard

large customer service organizations

employee is proud that every time she sees a certain model truck going down the highway she knows that she did the welds on its frame and that they are done right

line of sight