Basic Anatomy and Circulation (Session 2)
Inflow and Outflow Valves
Inflow: aka atrioventricular valves; tricuspid and mitral valves Outflow: aka semilunar valves; pulmonic and aortic valves
Systemic Circulation Flow Chart/Components
LA to LV to aorta to cerebral, peripheral, and abdominal arteries to capillary network to cerebral, peripheral, and abdominal veins to SVC and IVC
Mitral Valve and Aortic Valve Location and Function
Mitral Valve: located between LA and LV; opens in diastole to send blood to the LV Aortic Valve: located between LV and aorta; opens in systole to send blood to the aorta
Pulmonic Circulation Flow Chart/Components
RA to RV to pulmonary artery and branches to pulmonary capillaries to pulmonary veins (ex of a flow chart if asked on exam) (SLIDE 11)
Chambers of Heart
RA, RV, LA, LV
Pulmonary Circulation: Venous System
Superior Vena Cava (SVC): enters posterior and superior aspect of RA; transfers blood from head and upper extremities back to heart Inferior Vena Cava (IVC): enters posterior and inferior aspect of the RA; transfers blood from lower extremities and abdominal organs back to heart
Venous Connections
Systemic Veins: SVC and IVC Pulmonic Veins: RT upper pulmonary vein; RT lower pulmonary vein; LT upper pulmonary vein; LT lower pulmonary vein
Systemic Circulation Artery and Veins
artery: THE AORTA; largest artery in the body; carries oxygenated blood to the systemic system systemic veins: consists of the SVC and IVC; carry deoxygenated blood to the posterior aspect of the RA
Pulmonary Veins
bring oxygenated blood back from lungs to the posterior aspect of LA; ONLY veins that transport oxygenated blood 4 pulmonary veins (RT and LT lower, RT and LT upper)
Pulmonary Artery
brings deoxygenated blood from RV to the lungs for reoxygenation; ONLY artery that transports deoxygenated blood includes artery and its branches: distal portion of PA branches are comprised of arterioles where oxygenation occurs in lungs
Heart Structures
heart has 4 chambers, 4 heart valves, 2 great arteries, and systemic and pulmonic venous connections
Normal Human Heart
human heart is roughly the size of a large fist; heart beats about 100,000 times per day (about 3 billion in a lifetime); adult heart beats about 60-80 times per minute; heart pumps about 6 quarts (5.7 liters) of blood throughout the body LEFT SIDED PRESSURES ARE HIGHER THAN RIGHT
Look at slide 22, good overview/summary slide
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Look at slide 4 for circulation map (blue= deoxygenated blood; red= oxygenated blood)
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Left Atrium
location: MOST POSTERIOR chamber of the heart; located to the left of the sternum function: receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins
Right Ventricle
location: anterior to LV and left of sternum function: receives blood from the RA and ejects deoxygenated blood through the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary artery (PA; which goes to lungs) two valves: tricuspid valve and pulmonic valve
Left Ventricle
location: located left and posterior to RV function: receives blood from the LA and ejects oxygenated blood into the aorta two valves: mitral valve and aortic valve
Right Atrium
location: superior chamber; located to the right of sternum and anterior to LA function: receives deoxygenated blood
Pulmonary Circulation Function
movement of deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and return oxygenated blood back to the heart
Systemic Circulation Function
movement of oxygenated blood from the heart to the systemic system and return deoxygenated blood back to the right side of the heart and lungs
Great Arteries
pulmonary artery and aorta
Tricuspid Valve and Pulmonic Valve Location and Function
tricuspid: located between RA and RV; opens in diastole to send blood to the RV pulmonic: located between RV and PA; opens in systole to send blood to the PA