basic camera settings

Aperture

The aperture of a lens is the diameter of the lens opening The larger the diameter of the aperture, the more light reaches the film / image sensor Aperture is expressed as F-stop, e.g. F2.8 or f/2.8 The smaller the F-stop number (or f/value), the larger the lens opening (aperture) (inverse relationship) Controls depth of field

AV

AV means aperture value Manually control the aperture while the camera sets the matching shutter speed Particularly useful to control a stationary object where you don't need to control the shutter speed Choosing a larger aperture (f/stop) means the lens will get smaller and it will let less light in so a larger depth of field (more of the area in focus), but your camera will choose a faster shutter speed and vice versa

Exposure

Aperture. If it's bigger more light gets through and the room is brighter. Shutter Speed is the amount of time that the shutters of the window are open. The longer you leave them open the more that comes in. There are a number of ways of increasing the amount of light in the room (You could increase the time that the shutters are open (decrease shutter speed), you could increase the size of the window (increase aperture) or you could take off your sunglasses (make the ISO larger)

Manual

Full control over camera settings such: shutter speed, aperture, ISO, white balance and exposure compensation Gives you the flexibility to set your shots the way you want them to be Can result in creative and non-traditional exposures

Iso

ISO speed: A rating of a film's sensitivity to light. Though digital cameras don't use film, they have adopted the same rating system for describing the sensitivity of the camera's imaging sensor. Digital cameras often include a control for adjusting the ISO speed; some will adjust it automatically depending on the lighting conditions, adjusting it upwards as the available light dims. Generally, as ISO speed climbs, image quality drops. Low light conditions use higher ISO Action shots use a higher ISO Keep ISO lower in bright light The higher the ISO number the more noise is generated in your photograph When you enlarge your image you can see the noise

Shutter Speed

Shutter speed is the amount of time that the shutter is open Shutter speed is measured in seconds - or in most cases fractions of seconds It is not in isolation from the other two elements of the Exposure Triangle (aperture and ISO) Long shutter causes blur and fast shutter freezes motion

TV

TV means time value Shutter priority: set the shutter speed and calculates the matching aperture To photograph moving subjects (sporting action). A faster shutter speed will freeze the motion To capture movement as a blur of a waterfall, choose a slower shutter speed