Basic Computer Concepts #2
Home Networking
A home network is a group of different hardware devices (computers, gaming systems, printers, mobile devices that are connected to each other and the Internet. Home networks can be wired or wireless. Wired networks connect devices via some type of cable, such as an Ethernet cable. Wireless networks connect devices without cables using a wireless router. There are also mixed networks that combine wired and wireless connections. For a wireless network to run correctly, a modem and wireless router are needed. Network devices speak different digital languages and the modem acts like a translator by taking signals from your Internet Service Provider (ISP) and converting them into a signal that can be transmitted by the Wi-Fi router. Essentially, a modem connects a home network to the Internet. Modems are often rented/leased by your ISP, but can also be purchased. A router "routes" traffic between home network devices and the Internet. The router directs incoming and outgoing Internet traffic along the most efficient path thus facilitating communication. Experts recommend that a router replaced every two years. Frequently replacing a router ensures that the router has the latest security and wireless technologies. Working remotely at home has many benefits, including flexible working hours, reduced commute time, situational comfort, and many more. However, when working remotely, it is important to consider security and the protection of computer systems. Some of the steps you can take to ensure your system is secure when working remotely include: Antivirus software-Use antivirus and internet security software on all devices you use for remote work. All devices connected to a home network should have antivirus software installed. Recent research has found that the global impact of cybercrime exceeds $1.5 billion annuall
RAM
RAM stands for Random Access Memory. More RAM installed in a laptop allows for more applications to run simultaneously and for faster data access by the system. In today's computing environment, 8 GB of RAM is often considered the minimum amount you should have installed on your laptop. Many devices come with 4 GB or less installed, which could lead to slower computer operations. You'll likely find laptops with RAM in the range of 4 GB - 32 GB. The price of the laptop will likely increase when you have more RAM installed. When discussing RAM, it is important to define the term "DDR4". DDR stands for Data Date Rate, and the number after refers to the generation of component design. The most recent version of RAM is DDR4, but DDR5 is starting to make an appearance in some new laptops.
Software Considerations
Software applications (apps) are computer programs designed to perform specific tasks. The tasks software applications are designed to accomplish include communication, productivity, and web browsing, music, etc. One of the most popular productivity applications is Microsoft Office. The Microsoft Office application suite includes Word, PowerPoint, Excel, and Access. Purchasing new software may seem like a straightforward process. However, there are some considerations to ponder before purchasing new software. Is the software compatible with your current operating system? New software may have requirements that require specific operating system and computer capabilities. Therefore, you should compare the software requirement specifications and compare them to the current specifications of your operating system. Is the software available from your school, or is there a student option? Many software programs are available for free or at a reduced price. Make sure to check with your school or the software provider to see if there are any options available. Is there training needed to use the new software? Some software programs have a steep learning curve, so before purchasing new software, check to see if there is training required and what training options are available. How frequently is the software updated? Software updates ensure you are using the most up-to-date version of the software. Conduct research to see how often the software is updated.
Purchasing PC Hardware
The 1940's is considered by many to be the start of modern computing. In 1942, the Atanasoff-Berry computer (ABC), which many consider to be the first electronic digital computing device, was built. Since then, computers have continued to evolve in computing power and functionality. Computers have been used to analyze DNA, cellular structures, create business process, as well as many other advancements. An understanding of the history of computers leads to a better understanding of fundamental computing concepts and allows for the application of essential computer science techniques.
Storage
The amount of hard drive storage is an important consideration when comparing different computers. A computer's storage device is a type of hardware designed to store data. Every type of computer including smartphones and laptops will have a storage device. Storage devices range from internal storage devices including SATA, SSD, and NVMe, cloud storage, and external storage devices including external hard drives and flash storage devices. Laptops today come with different storage technologies and capacities. Storage capacity can impact the total information you can store directly on the device. Standard storage capacities range from 128 GB to over 1TB. The type of hard drive technology installed in a device is also something to be considered. Standard hard drives include SATA, SSD, and NVMe.
The Processor
The processor CPU (central processing unit) is considered the brains of a digital device. The CPU provides processing power and executes instructions that allow a computer to operate. The more powerful and updated the processor, the faster a computer completes operations and tasks. Ever notice an Intel sticker on a laptop? That sticker identifies that the device has an Intel processor. Many consider Intel's line of Core Processors to be the best at allowing multitasking and completing multimedia tasks. Currently, Intel offers their line of i3, i5, i7, and i9 processors, with i3 offering less processing power (and often cost) to the i9 processor, which offers the most computing power (and cost).
Display and Screen Quality
Touchscreen - Not all laptop computers come with a touchscreen. Before purchasing a new laptop, you should consider whether or not you'll need a touch screen. One potential drawback of a touchscreen is that they often add glossiness to the screen display. Small screen size can be problematic for gamers or those who need to video edit. Resolution - The resolution of a laptop's display is an important consideration. As a rule of thumb, laptops should have a minimum of 1920x1080 resolution which is considered full HD. Additionally, many laptops now come with 4K resolution. However, this often adds to the overall price of the laptop. If you plan on using your laptop for gaming, you need to investigate the refresh rate of the device's display. Intel defines refresh rate as the number of times the display can draw a new image per second, measured in Hertz (Hz). For example, if a laptop's display has a refresh rate of 144 Hz, it refreshes the image 144 times per second. A faster Hertz rating often provides a more robust gaming experience, especially when playing fast-action games. Viewing Angle - Laptops that include IPS (in-plane switching) provide the widest viewing angle. The viewing angle is the maximum angular distance when viewing the front of screen from the side without changing brightness or color. Viewing angle is important because you'll likely be using your laptop in various settings and positions, making a display with a wide viewing angle a plus.
Input and Output Devices
When purchasing a new computer there are a variety of input and output devices you should consider to maximize your devices and to enhance your experience. An input device is a type of computer hardware that is designed to get data into a computer. Input devices include keyboards, mice, webcams, microphones, barcode readers, and biometrics devices. An output device is a type of computer hardware that is designed to get data and information out of a computer. Output devices include monitors, printers, speakers, projectors, and headphones.
Size and Form Factor
When purchasing a new laptop computer, it is essential to consider several different variables to ensure you are getting a device that fits your needs and performs optimally under various use conditions. Remember, you will likely use this computer for many years, so you'll want to spend some time researching different laptop computers, comparing specifications and prices, and determining present and future needs. Size-Laptop computers come in various sizes, starting at 11.6 inches and up to 17.3 inches. The device's size corresponds to the screen size (or size of the viewing area of the laptop). The larger the size/screen size of the laptop, the larger the footprint (or area the device takes up on a table). Unlike RAM and software, you cannot upgrade or change the size of a laptop, so make sure you are choosing a laptop with the most optimal size. Form Factor-Form factor refers to the shape, size, and hardware specifications of a laptop. Form factor describes the physical aspects of a computer, or in this case, laptop computers. Form factor covers three categories of computers, including ultrabooks, notebooks, convertibles/2 in 1, and laptops. The table below demonstrates the similarities and differences of these devices.
