Basic Language Features

Euphemism

A mild, indirect term for a blunt, embarrassing or offensive one, e.g. "downsizing" instead of "job cuts." Some may be less mild, e.g. "kicked the bucket" for "died." May create a humorous effect or offer insight into a character's personality. It may be used to take the sting out of a negative comment.

Symbolism

A word or phrase representing something else. A symbol brings to mind a significant idea and all its connotations. E.g. The cross = Christianity, redemption, salvation, crucifixion, Jesus Christ, religion, etc.

Simile

Comparing two ideas by drawing similarities using 'as' or 'like.' Used to emphasize specific characteristics or features of the subject.

Metaphor

Directly comparing two things by saying one is the other. This creates a strong comparison and highlights the similarities between the two ideas in an almost exaggerated manner.

Hyperbole

Extreme exaggeration, e.g. "I've told you a million times."

Personification

Giving human qualities to inhuman, inanimate objects.

Rhythm

Repeated pattern of beats used to create a sense of tempo and/or musicality.

Repetition

Repeating the same word (or derivatives of the same word) throughout a piece of writing. It emphasizes the idea and makes it more memorable. Can also be used to link ideas together or create a structure in the writing.

Alliteration

The repetition of the same sound at the start of words in close proximity. This draws attention to the phrase and makes it more memorable. Can also create an onomatopoeic effect.

Rhyme

The repetition of the sounds at the end of words. Can give a musical quality to the writing, help us remember verses and ideas, give us a sense of security as we know or can guess what's coming next, subvert expectations or make us laugh.

Diction

Word choice. E.g. "The hound bayed" vs. "The dog howled" vs "The mongrel yowled."

Onomatopoeia

Words which, when said, sound like the thing they are describing. E.g. "pop" sounds like the noise a balloon makes when it bursts.