Basic Nutrition

The following energy system fuels speed activities

Fast glycolysis/Lactic Acid

Which three ingredients in processed can be addictive/habit forming?

Fat, sugar, and salt

Pregnant women generally need to take a dietary supplement that contains ______

Folic acid

Which of the following topics is one of the overarching guidelines of the 2020-2025 version of the Dietary Guidelines?

Follow a healthy dietary pattern at every life stage.

________ is a primary fuel for muscles and other cells?

Glucose

________ are water-soluble vitamins.

Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin

Children who lack Vitamin D can develop

Rickets

A sign of marasmus is

Wasting

An _____ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals.

antioxidant

Sources of heme iron include

beef

The liver uses cholesterol to make

bile

______can be classified as a dietary.

echinacea

The ________ is the second segment of the small intestine.

jejunum

________ acid is an essential fatty acid.

linoleic

In general, B vitamins function as ________

parts of coenzymes

According to the 2020-2025 version of the Dietary Guidelines, saturated fat should be less than ________% of total calories.

10

Which of the following statements is true?

Before taking a dietary supplement, people should determine 66% whether the product is necessary and safe.

Jamie wants to eat more foods that are naturally high in phytochemicals and fiber. Based on this information, which of the following foods would you recommend?

Fresh fruits and vegetables

Which of the following food sources is a rich sources of vitamin C

Green pepper

Which of the following foods would be a nutritious low-fat, high-carbohydrate pre-event snack for an athlete?

Handful of dried apricots.

Pregnant women who develops gestational diabetes are more likely to give birth to _________ infants than pregnant women who do not have this

High-birth-weight

An example of an internal cue for eating is:

Hunger

Which of the following substances is usually one of the limiting amino acid in foods, particularly those of plant origin?

Leucine

A scientist is creating a formula diet that supplies all essential nutrients. One of the minerals in her formula has a Recommended Dietary Allowance of 130mg/day. How should she classify this particular mineral?

Major mineral

Which of the following foods is not a source of complete protein?

Peanut Butter

Which of the following foods is a source of high-quality protein for a vegan?

Quinoa

The amount of Vitamin C that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the _____ for vitamins.

RDA

An example of an intrinsic motivator to exercise is:

Reduced stress

The embryo/fetus develops most of its organs during the

Second trimester

During digestion, which of the following substances denatures the proteins in food?

Stomach acid

Which of the following statements is true?

Thyroid Hormone Levels influence BMR

Lipoproteins

Transport lipids in the blood stream

All nutrients must be supplied by the diet, because they cannot be made by the body.

True

Americans typically consume more protein from animal sources that from plant foods

True

Compared to table sugar, honey is a natural and far more nutritious sweetener. True or false?

True

The stomach produces gastric juice that contains hydrochloric acid.

True

During pregnancy, excess _______ intake is known to cause fetal malformations

Vitamin A

Which of the following vitamins can be made by the human body?

Vitamin D

Good sources of magnesium include________.

Whole grain and nuts, seeds and legumes

Which of the following foods is the best source of soluble fiber?

Whole grain oat cereal.

Proteins

are compromised of amino acids.

Jade is concerned about her risk of osteoporosis. To help reduce her risk of this condition, Jade should__________.

avoid smoking cigarettes

In underdeveloped countries, severe vitamin A deficiency is a major cause of _____

blindness

a primary function of the digestive system is__________.

breakdown of food into nutrients.

Registered dietitian nutritionists recommend feeding healthy babies __________.

breast milk until they are about 6 months of age

Carter wants to lower his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, he should limit his intake of

butter and beef

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids?

canola oil

Jermey would like to know the amount of vitamin c that is recommended for his life/stage group. He can obtain this information by

checking the DRI/RDA table for vitamin c.

After being absorbed, water-soluble nutrients such as glucose

enter a capillary within the villus and are transported to the liver by the bloodstream.

Triglycerides have _______ in their chemical structures.

fatty acids

Which of the following foods generally provide the least amount of protein per serving?

fruits

__________ is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

hemoglobin

______Is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells.

metabolism

Compared to preschoolers, older children tend to eat ____________.

more foods away from home.

which of the following statements is true?

most vitamins cannot be synthesized by the human body

Monroe is a healthy 55-year-old man who performs moderate-intensity physical activities and muscle strengthening exercises to stay fit. According to recommendations of the U.S. Dietary Guidelines, he should perform _______ minutes of moderately intense physical activity.

150

Elsa is a 22-year-old woman who weighs 152 pounds. Using the simple "rule of thumb" or "rough estimate" method what is her estimated 24-hour basal energy needs?

1520 kcal

According to the 2020-2025 version of the dietary guidelines for Americans, healthy people should limit their sodium intake to_______mg/day.

2300

Women who start pregnancy at a healthy weight should gain ______ pounds.

25 to 35

What is the DRI for protein of a healthy women who weighs 62 kg?

50g

Which of the following persons is in a state of positive energy balance?

A 25-year-old woman who is in her 6th month of pregnancy.

Trans fatty acids are

A by-product of the hydrogenation process.

Which of the following statements is true?

Athletes can benefit from consuming sports drinks during prolonged physical exertion.

Dallas, a healthy, active teenager, was diagnosed with PKU when he was only a few days old. In addition to foods that are manufactured to be low in phenylalanine, which of the following foods can he eat to meet his protein needs safely?

Baked potatoes

Which of the following substances is a provitamin or a precursor for a vitamin?

Beta-carotene

_______ is the standard for evaluating body weight that is based on the relationship between weight and risk of certain chronic diseases.

Body mass index

Basal metabolism includes energy needs for:

Breathing and circulating blood

Lack of vitamin ____ causes scurvy

C

Which of the following nutrients is a major

Calcium

According to scientific evidence, which of the following substances may improve the performance of non-endurance athletes such as weightlifters?

Creatine

Instructions for making proteins are coded in a cell's

DNA

Vitamin ______ protects polyunsaturated fatty acids from being damaged by free radicals.

E

Milk, carrots, and bananas are examples of :perfect" foods that contain all nutrients.

False

Ounce per ounce, sugar provides more energy than starch. True or false?

False

Proteins are the most essential class of nutrients.

False

Sports drinks are not useful for fluid replacement

False

Vitamins are a source of energy.

False

There are four classes of nutrients: proteins, lipids, sugars, and vitamins.

False, there are 6 nutrients.

During the first few days after giving birth, the new mother's breast produce ____________.

colostrum

Marta is a pregnant women suffering from severe iodine deficiency. As a result of the deficiency, she has a high risk of giving birth to a child with ______.

cretinism

The tolerable upper limit for a nutrient is the

highest average amount that is unlikely to harm most people when consumed daily.

Infants are typically ready to start eating solid foods when they ___________.

lose the extrusion reflex.

A deficiency in vitamin B-12 or folic acid leads to:

macrocytic anemia

Which of the following substances is a disaccharide?

maltose

The process of digesting food begins in the ___________.

mouth

High intake of vitamin A during pregnancy can cause birth defects. This is an example of

nutrigenomics

Macey's BMI is 30.2. Based on this information, her weight is in the ______ range.

obese

In general, fresh fruits and vegetables are good sources of

potassium

_______ is a major source of sodium in the typical American's diet

processed food

Which of the following physical states is characterized by positive nitrogen balance?

puberty

what are the benefits of breastfeeding?

reduces uterine bleeding after delivery.

Which of the following activities is generally classified as aerobic?

running

Solid fats generally have a higher proportion of _____________ fatty acids.

saturated

In the United States, the diets of many school-age children supply too much ___________.

sodium

which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving?

soy milk

which of the following foods is a good source of nonheme iron, but very little of the mineral is absorbed by the human intestinal tract?

spinach

which of the following foods is a major source of empty calories?

sugar- sweetened soft drink

Dietary fiber __________.

supplies more energy, gram per gram, than fat.

A vast number of bacteria normally live in the large intestine.

true

Prebiotics are substances in food that the human body digests to form probiotics.

true

Today, Sean only ate three sandwiches made with whole-grain buns, 3 slices of cheese, and 10 ounces of roast beef. He also drank 3 cups of orange juice. According to MyPlate, he ate nothing from the food group that includes

vegetables

The lining of the small intestine is covered with ______, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.

villi

which of the following is a nutrient?

vitamin D

Potassium must now be listed on the Food Label.

True

Protein is the body's preferred fuel for muscular activity

True

The average American consumes 80% of his or her energy intake as refined sugars. True or false?

True

Caffeine_______

Increases muscle glycogen deposits

What is meant by the division of responsibility in the parent-child relationship?

Parent: what is being served, when they will eat, and where they will eat. Child: whether she will eat and how much she will eat.

Because animal stores glycogen in their muscles, meat, fish, and poultry are good sources of the complex carbohydrate. True or false?

True

Eating a high-fiber diet may reduce your blood cholesterol level. True or false?

True

Foods made from soybean can be sources of high-quality protein

True

Human cells contain organelles, including ribosomes and mitochondria.

True