Basic tissue quiz
Match the type of microscope with the function. A. view birefringent materials B. visualize transparent samples C. collect data from one 2D plane of a specimen at a time 1. phase contrast microscope 2. polarization microscope 3. confocal microscope
1. A 2. B 3. C
If you wanted to distinguish elastic cartilage from hyaline cartilage, you might choose to use which of the following stains? A. Silver stain B. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) C. Wright's stain D. None of the above
D
Which cell type is pluripotent and lacks cellular organelles? A. mast cell B. fibroblast C. multilocular adipose cell D. plasma cell E. mesenchymal cell
E
In endochondral bone formation, interstitial growth of chondrocytes occurs in the zone of ____. A. bone formation B. proliferation C. rest D. degeneration E. calcification
B
The most numerous leukocyte in the circulation is the: A. erythrocyte B. eosinophil C. neutrophil D. lymphocyte E. basophil F. monocyte
C
Unlike loose (areolar) connective tissue, dense regular collagenous connective tissue A. has many types of cells. B. has collagen fibers extending in all directions. C. has only fibroblasts/fibrocytes. D. has large spaces separating fibers. E. is very vascular.
C
Which hormone stimulates red blood cell formation? A. thrombin B. globin C. erythropoietin D. bilirubin E. transferrin
C
Which of the following locations is an intraoral site at which a surgeon could obtain tissue for an autogenous bone graft? A. Mandibular symphysis B. Maxillary tuberosity C. Iliac crest D. A and B E. A, B, and C
D
Which of the following statements is true about hyaline cartilage? A. It lines the articular surfaces of long bones. B. It can grow in size appositionally and interstitially. C. It is highly vascularized. D. A and B E. A, B, and C
D
Which of the following statements regarding bone healing is TRUE? A. Osteosclerosis represents severe bone demineralization. B. Osteoclasts are the only cells involved in bone remodeling. C. Bone marrow is the only structure that can give rise to osteoprogenitor cells. D. Bone is the only tissue that can heal without forming a scar.
D
In normal growth and development, type I collagen is degraded by: A. MMP 1 B. MMP 2 C. MMP 3 D. MMP 14 E. MMP 8
A
The major site of prenatal hematopoiesis is the: A. liver B. spleen C. yolk sac D. lymph sacs E. bone marrow
A
Which of the following associations is/are correct? A. intercalated disc : located at the ends of cells B. cardiac endomysium : attaches to integrins near the Z-line C. cardiac myocytes : peripherally located nuclei D. A and B E. A, B, and C
A
Which stain would you use if you were interested in studying collagen fibers in the extracellular matrix of connective tissues? A. Mallory's trichrome stain B. Giemsa stain C. PAS D. Weigert's elastic stain
A
in smooth muscle calcium initiates contraction by binding to: A. calmodulin B. actin C. troponin D. tropomyosin E. myosin
A
In skeletal muscle, contraction is initiated when the cytoplasmic calcium concentration increases above the level found in relaxed muscle cells. Where does essentially all of the additional calcium come from? A. extracellular fluid B. sarcoplasmic reticulum C. transverse tubules D. both A and B E. none of the above
B
Interstitial lamellae: A. are concentric layers deposited around Volkmann's canals. B. represent the remnants of osteon resorption. C. are areas of spongy bone. D. represent newly formed lamellae. E. are the result of resorption of cancellous bone.
B
Statement 1: Holocrine secretion results in the destruction of the secretory cells. Statement 2: A compound gland contains one unbranched duct and several branched secretory portions. A. Both statements are true. B. Statement 1 is true; statement 2 is false. C. Statement 1 is false; statement 2 is true. D. Both statements are false.
B
Which one of the following techniques would you use to study the presence of carbohydrates in the cells derived from the hard palate? A. silver stain B. PAS (periodic acid Schiff) stain C. eosin D. tetracycline
B
You would expect to find dense regular elastic connective tissue in: A. the dermis of skin. B. large blood vessels. C. connective tissue under the mucosa of the esophagus. D. the tendon of a shoulder joint. E. the periodontal ligament.
B
In the parts of the A-band of skeletal muscle where thick and thin filaments overlap, they form overlapping hexagonal arrays as seen in cross section. In these areas of overlap, there are: A. equal numbers of thick and thin filaments. B. twice as many thick filaments as thin filaments. C. twice as many thin filaments as thick filaments. D. six times as many thick filaments as thin filaments. E. six times as many thin filaments as thick filaments.
C
Select the INCORRECT statement concerning bone. A. The hydration shells permit exchange of ions with the extracellular fluid. B. In osteomalacia, there is a shortage of vitamin D which hinders mineralization. C. In long bone development, the bone collar is initially formed via endochondral ossification. D. A and B are both incorrect. E. A and C are both incorrect.
C
The periosteum: A. lines the inner surface of bone. B. is responsible for interstitial growth of bone. C. is attached to the bone tissue by Sharpey's fibers. D. consists of three layers. E. has only an osteogenic layer.
C
Unlike hyaline and elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage: A. has a perichondrium. B. lacks chondrocytes. C. constantly undergoes mitosis. D. contains type I collagen. E. has chondroblasts located within lacunae.
D
Osteogenesis imperfecta type I is associated with what molecular lesion? A. Lack of 'hole' regions within the collagen fibril B. Failure of carboxy propeptidase to cleave the procollagen carboxy propeptide C. Lack of covalent intrachain bonds between collagen molecules D. Under-hydroxylation of proline and lysine in the type I collagen protein E. Mutation(s) within the coding domain of the type I procollagen genes
E
Prolyl hydroxylase during the biosynthesis of type I collagen requires: A. Ascorbic acid B. O2 C. Fe2+ D. A and B E. A, B, and C
E
emophilia is caused by: A. underproduction of platelets B. overproduction of platelets C. abnormal hemoglobin D. hypersecretion of erythropoietin E. a deficiency of any clotting factor
E
The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) that is active against fibril-forming collagens and is expressed by inflammatory cells is MMP ____. Fill in the blank, read surrounding text. .
8
Where is hyaline cartilage located? (Choose ALL correct choices to receive full credit.) A. epiphysial plate B. synovial joint between two long bones C. tracheal and bronchial cartilages D. pinna of external ear E. epiglottis F. intervertebral disc G. all laryngeal cartilages H. pubic symphysis
A,B,C
Epithelial tissue mainly originates from ectoderm and endoderm, but also arises from mesoderm of the embryo. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? A. Ectoderm gives rise to the oral mucosa and sweat glands. B. Mesoderm gives rise to the blood vessels and the entire intestinal tract. C. Glands such as the pancreas and mammary glands are derived from endoderm. D. Endoderm gives rise to the entire reproductive system and respiratory tracts
A
Genes for type I collagen: A. consist of approximately 50 exons, of which many are 54 base pairs in length or a multiple of 9 base pairs. B. have few intervening sequences (introns). C. are contained on the same chromosome. D. are unique in that they do not need to be spliced to form mRNA after transcription. E. A and C are both correc
A
In skeletal muscle, half of the troponin C will be bound to calcium when the calcium ion concentration in the cytosol is 2 x 10^__
-6
All of the following statements correctly describe plasma cells EXCEPT: A. They are ovoid, eosinophilic with juxtanuclear Golgi, and a small amount of endoplasmic reticulum. B. They arise from B-lymphocytes. C. They are "wandering" connective tissue cells. D. The classic hallmark of the plasma cell is a "clock face" pattern of nuclear chromatin with the prominent nucleolus in the center surrounded by clumps of heterochromatin. E. They secrete antibodies
A
RANKL: A. plays a role in the formation of an active osteoclast. B. converts bone lining cells to osteoblasts. C. will bind to an osteoblast. D. is stimulated by osteoprotegerin to bind with RANK. E. is produced by an osteoclast.
A
Which of the following primary treatments are NOT indicated for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma? A. chemotherapy B. radiation C. surgery
A
Fibroblasts can produce which of the following substances? (Choose ALL correct choices to receive full credit.) A. glycosaminoglycans B. proteoglycans C. elastic fibers D. reticular fibers E. mucus F. collagen
A,B,C,D,F
Which of the following are located between lamellae? A. osteoclasts B. osteocytes C. osteoblasts D. mesenchymal cells E. bone lining cells
B
Select the pair of items that is CORRECTLY matched A. plasma cell - derived from monocytes B. opsonization - associated with a neutrophil C. mesenchymal cells - well developed organelles D. pericyte (perivascular cell) - involved in wound healing E. white adipose cell - centrally located nucleus
D
The major collagen present in basement membranes is type: A. I B. II C. III D. IV E. VI F. XII G. None of the above
D
What type of tissue has spindle-shaped cells; contains a gel-like, amorphous ground substance; is mainly present in the embryo; and can give rise to give rise to most of the cells of connective tissue? A. mucous connective tissue B. ectoderm C. dense irregular connective tissue D. mesenchyme E. loose connective tissue
D
Find the CORRECT description of ground substance. A. Ground substance has three classes of compounds: glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and multiadhesive glycoproteins. B. Ground substance is a complex of macromolecules that fills the space between fibers and cells. C. Hyaluronic acid is the most ubiquitous glycosaminoglycan. D. Multiadhesive glycoproteins have attached carbohydrates. They adhere cells to the surrounding substrate. E. All of above are correct.
E
The gap junction: A. possesses dense plaques that are anchored to intermediate filaments. B. requires calcium to bind adjacent cells. C. mediates adhesion of cells to an underlying basal lamina. D. extends as a zone around the apical perimeter of adjacent cells. E. permits the passage of ions from one cell to another cell
E
Which of the following is NOT a function of the basement membrane? A. separation of epithelium from connective tissue B. establishment of the polarity of the epithelium C. filtration in the kidney D. tissue scaffolding during development and regeneration E. All of the above are functions of the basement membrane.
E
Which of the following is the major risk factor for oropharyngeal cancer (involving the tonsils)? A. smoking B. heavy alcohol use C. ionizing radiation D. marijuana E. HPV 16
E
Which of the following statements about elastic fibers is correct? A. They can stretch 150% of their length B. They are composed of fibrillin and elastin. C. Abnormal fibrillin genes cause Marfan syndrome. D. Only B and C. E. A, B, and C.
E
In ________ and _______ epithelia, all cells are in contact with the basement membrane. Answer choices: simple, stratified, pseudostratified, transitional, keratinized
simple and pseudo
Match each tissue type to the correct description. A. epithelium B. connective tissue C. muscle D. nervous tissue 1. tissue does not contain blood vessels cells are tightly packed together cells are polarized 2. tissue develops from mesoderm cells are separated from each other by an extracellular matrix 3. cells are specialized for contraction 4. cells are specialized for electrochemical signalling
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D
During the biosynthesis of type I collagen, the excision of the amino- and carboxy-propeptides occurs outside the cell _______________. A. at the site of the collagen fibril B. after the formation of covalent cross-linkages C. during the degradation of the collagen fibril
A
During the cross-bridge cycle in a skeletal muscle fiber, a molecule of ATP is required to: A. uncouple the cross bridge. B. keep troponin-tropomyosin from blocking cross bridge formation. C. bend the cross bridge. D. form the cross bridge.
A
In contrast to an osteoblast, an osteoclast: A. produces an acidic environment between itself and the bone. B. has receptors for PTH. C. becomes a bone lining cell. D. is located on the surface of a bony trabeculum. E. is associated with remodeling.
A
In smooth muscle, contraction is initiated when the cytoplasmic calcium concentration increases above the level found in relaxed muscle cells. Where does essentially all of the additional calcium come from? A. extracellular fluid B. sarcoplasmic reticulum C. A and B in similar amounts D. neither A nor B
A
MMP activity is inhibited locally by: A. TIMPs 1-4 B. α2-macroglobin C. plasmin D. trypsin E. None of the above
A
Select the INCORRECT statement. A. Mature spongy bone has collagen fibers arranged in a disorganized fashion. B. Osteoblasts play a role in osteocyte activation. C. Cement lines are found at the periphery of an osteon. D. Osteocytes can communicate with neighboring osteocytes via gap junctions. E. The first bone to form is always woven bone.
A
Statement 1: An exocrine gland always has a duct. Statement 2: All glands develop from epithelium. A. Statement 1 is true; statement 2 is true. B. Statement 1 is true; statement 2 is false. C. Statement 1 is false; statement 2 is true. D. Statement 1 is false; statement 2 is false.
A
The amino and carboxy telopeptides of the type I collagen protein are excised: A. during the extracellular degradation of collagen fibrils. B. within the secretory vesicle. C. extracellularly, at the site of collagen fibril formation. D. in the distal leaflets of the Golgi apparatus. E. within the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum.
A
The sequence of chemicals that are involved in the process of clot formation is: A. tissue factor - prothrombin - thrombin - fibrinogen - fibrin B. thrombin - prothrombin - fibrinogen - tissue factor - fibrin C. fibrinogen - prothrombin - thrombin - tissue factor - fibrin D. prothrombin - tissue factor - fibrin - thrombin - fibrinogen E. fibrin - prothrombin - thrombin - fibrinogen - tissue factor
A
You are interested in looking at the ultrastructure of enamel. Which of the following imaging systems would you use if you wanted to study the surface of the enamel of a tooth at high magnification and very fine resolution? A. scanning electron microscope B. phase contrast microscope C. fluorescent microscope D. polarizing microscope
A
Your patient has overcome a gingival infection. Which statement is CORRECT? A. During inflammation, monocytes migrated into the area to become phagocytic cells. B. Tissue fluid decreased during the inflammatory stage of recovery. C. Pericytes migrated into the gingiva to become neutrophils. D. Only A and B. E. A, B, and C.
A
Which of the following statements is/are true about adipose tissue? (Choose ALL correct statements to receive full credit.) A. Adipose tissue stores energy. B. In the adult, brown fat is widely distributed throughout the body and can be found in significant amounts subcutaneously and in the abdomen. C. White fat cells are classically described as being a "signet ring" shape when viewed histologically. D. White fat produces heat. E. Adult white fat cells have multiple visible fat droplets
A and C
Which of the following statements is/are true about the parotid gland? (Choose ALL correct statements to receive full credit.) A. It is an exocrine gland. B. It produces a serous (watery) secretion. C. It is a salivary gland. D. It is a compound gland E. Its acini contain serous demilunes. F. It is a mucous gland. G. It is a unicellular gland.
A-D
A molecule of free cytoplasmic ATP is needed for which step of the cross bridge cycle in skeletal muscle? A. bending of the cross bridge B. breaking of the cross bridge C. binding of myosin to actin D. formation of a rigor complex
B
All of the statements concerning smooth muscle is/are correct EXCEPT: A. is located in tubular organs. B. sliding filament contraction is calciquestrin dependent. C. subplasmalemma dense plaques anchor desmin intermediate filaments. D. has spindle shaped fibers.
B
An abnormally high number of normal white blood cells is called: A. leukemia B. leukocytosis C. leukopenia D. leukopoiesis E. none of the above choices is correct
B
Hemoglobin that carries carbon monoxide instead of oxygen is known as: A. methemoglobin B. carboxyhemoglobin C. oxyhemoglobin D. fetal hemoglobin E. carbaminohemoglobin
B
Hydroxyproline, a post-translational modification of proline present in collagen, is also found in: A. Fibronectin B. Elastin C. MMP-8 D. Plasmin E. Both A and D
B
In a skeletal muscle fiber that is relaxed, A. calcium ions are bound to most troponin C units. B. tropomyosin complexes cover the active binding sites of the actin units. C. ryanodine receptor channels are open. D. action potentials propagate along the T-tubules. E. All of the above are correct.
B
In the granulocytic lineage which of the following statements is correct: A. a promyelocyte comes before a myeloblast B. a metamyelocyte comes after a myeloblast C. a myeloblast comes after a promyelocyte D. a myelocyte comes before a myeloblast E. a metamyelocyte comes before a myelocyte
B
Neutrophils provide defense against bacterial and fungal infections. They do so by releasing IgE. Neutrophilic granules also facilitate diapedesis. A. All statements are correct. B. The first and third statements are correct, but the second is false. C. The first statement is correct, but the second and third are false. D. The first two statements are false, but the third is correct. E. All statements are false.
B
Select the INCORRECT statement concerning epithelium. A. Epithelial cells secrete the basal lamina region of the basement membrane. B. Microvilli are finger-like extensions of the plasma membrane of apical epithelial cells that function in the movement of materials across the surface of a cell. C. One of the functions of simple squamous epithelium is diffusion. D. Epithelial tissue is avascular and is found on a body surface or lining a body cavity. E. Exocrine glands secrete their products onto body surfaces, into body cavities, or into lumens of organs.
B
Select the INCORRECT statement concerning the macrophage? A. A macrophage can be a fixed or a wandering connective tissue cell. B. Macrophage phagocytosis is decreased after opsonization. C. Kupffer cells are specialized macrophages located in the liver. D. Multinuclear giant cells are one type of macrophage. E. One of the functions of the macrophage is antigen presentation.
B
The collagen present at the zone of mineralization within the epiphyseal growth plate is collagen type: A. II B. X C. I D. VII E. XII
B
The most abundant collagen in hyaline cartilage is collagen type: A. I B. II C. III D. IV E. XII
B
Choose the best histological stain to visualize each of the following tissues, fibers, or materials. A. Periodic acid-Schiff B. silver salts C. hematoxylin D. tetracycline 1. reticular fibers 2. carbohydrates 3. nucleic acid 4. mineralizing tissue
B A C D
A band cell represents a maturation stage in which of the following cell lineages: A. lymphoid B. megakaryocytic C. granulocytic D. monocytic E. erythroid
C
Calcium plays an important role in facilitating platelet adhesion. Calcium is released from which type of platelet granules? A. lambda granules B. alpha granules C. delta granules D. azurophilic granules E. specific granules
C
Clinical signs of gingivitis or gingival enlargement typically include all of the following EXCEPT: A. bleeding on probing B. erythema C. pain D. edema E. ulceration of the sulcular epithelium
C
Select the INCORRECT statement concerning the core of a cilium. A. The core microtubule motor proteins carry out ATP-dependent movement. B. The axoneme is composed of a constant number of longitudinal microtubules arranged in a consistent 9 + 2 organization. C. The ciliary axonemes have nine central microtubule "singlets" and two microtubule doublets. D. The core is composed of a complex arrangement of microtubules.
C
Which of the following pairs of items is CORRECTLY matched? A. synostosis : a type of joint which allows the greatest amount of movement in all directions B. junction between bones of the fingers : example of a synarthrosis joint C. articular cartilage on the head of the femur : contains GAG molecules D. synovial membrane : holds the frontal bones to the parietal bones E. repair of a bone fracture : bony callus is the second event that occurs F. None of the above is correctly matched.
C
Which of the following statements is/are true about reticular fibers? (Choose ALL correct statements to receive full credit.) A. The fibers stain white with a silver stain. B. The fibers are composed of type II collagen. C. The fibers produce a microenvironment for the cells within it. D. The fibers form a stiff 2-D network for epithelial cells.
C
Which of the following tissues would have the fastest rate of collagen turnover in the adult human? A. skin B. palate C. periodontal ligament D. gingiva E. None of the above. Collagen turnover is constant throughout the body.
C
Which pairing of main function and type of epithelial tissue is INCORRECT? A. olfactory neuroepithelium - sensation B. glandular epithelium - secretion C. oral mucosa - gas exchange D. myoepithelial cells - contractibility E. intestinal epithelium - absorption and transcellular transport
C
All of the following is/are true about intercalated discs EXCEPT: A. Contain desmosomes located at the Z-line at sites between myofibrils. B. Contain gap junctions on the horizontal part of the disc. C. Contain fascia adherens at the Z-line at the ends of cells. D. Located between smooth muscle cells. E. All of the above are correct.
D
All of the following statements are CORRECT concerning the description of epithelial cells found in salivary glands EXCEPT: A. Striated duct cells are pale-staining, simple columnar epithelial cells with centrally placed nuclei and faint basal striations. B. The structure of the striated duct cells reflects an important function of these cells, which is the modification of the primary saliva. C. Myoepithelial cells are contractile cells associated with secretory endpieces and with much of the ductal system. D. Clumps of mucous cells at the ends of some serous tubules appear as crescent-shaped structures called serous demilunes.
D
In cardiac muscle, contraction is initiated when the cytoplasmic calcium concentration increases above the level found in relaxed muscle cells. Where does essentially all of the additional calcium come from? A. extracellular fluid B. sarcoplasmic reticulum C. transverse tubules D. both A and B E. none of the above
D
In the course of a twitch in a skeletal muscle fiber, A. subliminal EPSPs produced by multiple motor neuron action potentials sum to produce liminal depolarization of the sarcolemma. B. the cytoplasmic calcium concentration increases from about 10-7 M to 2×10-6 M and remains at that level C. multiple action potentials propagate along the sarcolemma. D. the cytoplasmic calcium concentration increases from about 10-7 M to 10-5 M and then returns to 10-7 M. E. the cytoplasmic calcium concentration increases from about 10-7 M to 10-5 M and remains at that level.
D
In the processing of a stratified squamous epithelial tissue derived from the lips, which of the following steps is absolutely necessary to keep the tissue intact and prevent it from falling apart by sectioning forces? A. fixation B. dehydration C. staining D. embedding E. decalcification
D
Red muscle appears redder than white muscle because it has more: A. capillaries B. myoglobin C. mitochondria D. all of the above
D
What is the difference between plasma and serum? A. plasma contains hemoglobin; serum does not B. serum is yellow; plasma has no color C. serum contains antibodies; plasma does not D. plasma contains clotting proteins; serum does not E. both C and D are correct
D
Which of the following description of connective tissue fibers is correct? A. Each collagen fiber bundle is composed of smaller fibrils, which in turn consist of aggregates of tropocollagen molecules. B. Reticular fibers are produced by reticular cells, which are a type of fibroblast that synthesizes type III collagen. They form a mesh-like network that stains with silver. C. Reticular fibers are composed of type III collagen which is thicker and contains less carbohydrate than type I collagen fibers. D. Only A and B. E. A, B, and C.
D
Which of the following organs is NOT correctly matched to its epithelium? A. urinary bladder - transitional B. duodenum - simple columnar C. skin - keratinized stratified squamous D. trachea - stratified columnar E. large salivary gland duct - stratified cuboidal
D
Which of the following statements regarding dense irregular collagenous connective tissue is FALSE? A. This tissue constitutes the deeper dermis of skin. B. The sheaths of nerves and the capsules of joints are mainly dense irregular collagenous connective tissue. C. The tissue has limited ground substance. D. Abundant reticular fibers are present. E. The tissue has tightly packed collagen fibers interwoven into a meshwork resistant to stress from all directions.
D
You are doing histological research and you forgot to label your slides! You examine one slide using a microscope and determine that there are goblet cells in the tissue. Given this information, which of the following locations is NOT a possible source for the tissue on the slide? A. nasal cavity B. trachea C. duodenum D. esophagus
D
You see a patient with a chief complaint of bleeding gums. She also says that she has had multiple dislocated joints in the past, tends to bruise easily, and has stretchy skin. This patient may have Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, which is a genetic disorder affecting which of the following? A. Fibrillin synthesis B. Antibody formation C. Cartilage ossification D. Collagen production E. Proline hydroxylation
D
A scientist injected carbon particles into the blood stream of a mouse to study normal cell function. In a histological section of connective tissue of the animal's oral mucosa, which cell will contain carbon particles? A. plasma cell B. fibroblast C. simple squamous epithelial cell D. mast cell E. macrophage F. goblet cell
E
All of the following statements are correct, EXCEPT: A. Sarcoplasmic reticulum = special SER in muscle that sequesters and releases calcium B. T-tubules = penetrations of the cell membrane deep into the muscle cell cytoplasm C. Terminal cisternae = dilated sacs of the SER that abut T-tubules D. Triad = T-tubule and two terminal cisternae E. All of the above are correct.
E
During periodontitis, bone collagen is degraded by: A. MMP 1 B. MMP 2 C. MMP 3 D. MMP 8 E. Cathepsin K
E
During tissue repair, which cell functions in producing collagen and ground substances? A. plasma cell B. mast cell C. macrophage D. fibrocyte E. fibroblast
E
Polycythemia is a condition characterized by: A. hemolysis B. increased hematocrit C. increased production of erythrocytes in the bone marrow D. A and C are correct E. B and C are correct F. A, B, and C are correct
E
Risk factors for gingival enlargement may include all of the following EXCEPT: A. local factors B. plaque C. certain drugs D. certain endocrine-related conditions E. alcohol consumption
E
Select the INCORRECT statement concerning connective tissue. A. Mesenchymal cells from mesoderm give rise to connective tissues and their cells. B. The functions of connective tissue include space filling, cushioning, protecting, and participating in immune responses. C. Some connective tissues can function as an endocrine organ to regulate body metabolism. D. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans, and adhesive proteins are found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue. E. The main components (composition) of connective tissue are fibroblasts and ground substance.
E
Select the INCORRECT statement concerning mast cells. A. Mast cells in areolar connective tissue have IgE on their surface. B. Mast cells release Neutrophil Chemotactic Factor to kill microorganisms. C. Mast cells release Eosinophil Chemotactic Factor to attract eosinophils to the site of inflammation to destroy parasites. D. Mast cells are filled with metachromatic secretory granules. E. Mast cells release Thromboxane A2 to dilate blood vessels.
E
The diseases listed below are all inherited disorders of connective tissue EXCEPT: A. Epidermolysis bullosa B. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) C. Osteogenesis imperfecta D. Marfan syndrome E. Scleroderma
E
The nucleus and ribosomes are structures that exhibit ______________ because they are composed of acidic material (DNA, RNA). A. argentophilia B. acidophilia C. neutrophilia D. metachromasia E. basophilia
E
The protein extracellular matrix of the periodontal ligament: A. is predominantly composed of elastin. B. contains relatively few noncollagen proteins. C. is normally both formed and remodeled by periodontal ligament fibroblasts D. A and C E. A, B, and C
E
The sequence of events in the process of hemostasis is: A. vessel wall injury - formation of fibrin clot - coagulation - healing B. vessel wall injury - formation of fibrin clot - vasoconstriction - healing C. vessel wall injury - coagulation - formation of (loose) platelet plug - healing D. vessel wall injury - formation of (loose) platelet plug - vasoconstriction - healing E. vessel wall injury - formation of (loose) platelet plug - formation of fibrin clot - healing
E
Which of the following is required as a cofactor at the active site of all matrix metalloproteinases? A. Fe2+ B. Cu2+ C. Ca2+ D. Ascorbate E. Zn2+
E
Which of the following statements about thin filaments is/are CORRECT? A. F-actin filaments attach to the Z-line. B. Tropomyosin = filamentous protein that fills the grove in F-actin and binds troponin. C. TnC = Troponin subunit that binds calcium D. TnI =Troponin subunit that inhibits actin-myosin interaction E. All of the above are correct.
E
Which of the following statements or associations is/are CORRECT? A. perimysium : loose, delicate CT around fascicles B. epimysium : loose, delicate CT around the whole muscle C. endomysium : dense CT around muscle fascicles D. All of the above are correct. E. None of the above is correct.
E
Which of the following statements regarding microvilli is FALSE? A. Individual microvilli are not visible by the light microscope. B. They are anchored to the cell by a terminal web of intermediate and actin filaments. C. They are generally considered to be localized on the apical surface of epithelial cells. D. They facilitate absorption. E. They contain a core of keratin intermediate filaments.
E
An example of a "FACIT" collagen present in the periodontal ligament is collagen type _____. A. III B. IV C. VII D. XI E. XII F. None of the above are correct
F
Osteocytes: A. have the ability to undergo mitosis. B. can become bone lining cells. C. lack cytoplasmic processes. D. are dead osteoblasts. E. Both A and B are correct. F. None of the above is correct.
F
Match each of the following functions of epithelium to the associated epithelial modification. A. gas exchange B. protection C. move material over epithelial surface D. prevents flow of material between cells E. cell-to-cell communication F. absorption G. cell-to-cell adhesion 1. microvilli 2. keratinization 3. squamous shape 4. cilia 5. zonula occludens 6. desmosomes 7. gap junctions
FBACDGE
Striated duct cells are pale-staining, simple columnar epithelial cells with centrally placed nuclei and faint basal striations. True or false? True False
True
The buffy coat, the layer that appears when blood is centrifuged, is comprised of white blood cells and _____
platelets
A lack of vitamin ______ in the diet can prevent the hydroxylation of lysine and ______ during collagen synthesis.
vitamin c, proline
