bbh 316 exam 3

table 9.1: public funds, grants, foundations, fundraising, and volunteers

-Children, teenagers, and young adults attending school and college (K-16) -Adults, children, and teenagers in community settings (for example, preschools, senior centers, recreation centers)

Nine (9) Steps for developing a Communication plan: step 7-implement the communication plan

-Communication activities are integrated into the overall implementation of the health promotion programs -Make sure all materials and communications that program stakeholder and participants receive are consistent with their level of health literacy, accessible, supported, and utilized

Nine (9) Steps for developing a Communication plan: step 2-define communication objectives

-Communication objectives define what the staff hope to articulate in a program's health communications -Objectives are: -Aligned with the program's goals -Realistic and reasonable -Specific to the change desired, the population to be affected, and the time period during which change occurs -Measurable, in order to track progress -Prioritized, to aid in allocation of resources

from article: What psychological defenses do we create around climate change health communications? How do these interfere with health behavior change?

-Distance—we have a hard time comprehending and valuing issues not in our personal space or direct proximity...so we don't -Doom—we tend to be both fascinated and frozen with bad news; doomsday scenarios of rising sea levels might be significantly reasonable projections but aren't correlated with motivating behaviors -Dissonance—when a tension arises between how we live (what we do) and what we know (our knowledge) we experience dissonance. If we downplay or tune-out what we know, we feel better about how we live -Denial—fear and guilt are very painful emotions that most people spend their time trying to avoid; denial is a handy device that allows us to push away these feelings and vilify those who would push them back in our face -Identity—decades of research has confirmed our "confirmation bias" and "motivated reasoning" tendencies that make us seeing things, as Anais Nin once said, not as they are but as we are

CDC evaluation framework and standards

-Engage stakeholders -Describe the health promotion program -Focus the evaluation design -Gather credible evidence -Justify conclusions -Ensure use of the results and share lessons learned

from article: What are 5 ways to make our health communications more effective when discussing climate change?

-Make it social—people are strongly influenced by the behavior of their neighbors, peers, and colleagues. Look for ways to provide what is called "social proof" that a particular behavior is preferred by the peer group -Supportive framing—rather than scaring the heck of people with "end of times" scenarios, provide hopeful message that presents climate change as an opportunity for innovation that is already being taken advantage of: 1. Research suggests that a mix of fear and hope is needed and that both negative and positive emotions can be motivating; it's the balance that is key and most climate change communication is too fear-driven -Simple—many spend their careers or if not some significant time to understand its many complications, then we need to "dumb it down" when we talk to a general audience—we must "essentialize the message without dumbing it down -Storytelling—"people decide with their emotions and then rationalize it with their mind"; we can incorporate stories of people, communities, businesses doing the right thing—choose stories the audience will connect with -Signals—most climate data is global, but action must be personal; global data is important but it must be paired with data, what Stoknes calls "signals" that are calibrated to our actionable reality: 1. For example, Power's electricity bills that show your electricity consumption compared to your neighbors

Re-AIM evaluation framework

-Recognizes he importance of both external validity (reach and adoption) and internal validity (effectiveness and implementation) in the evaluation of the program interventions -Useful in estimating public health impact, comparing different health policies, designing policies for increased likelihood of success, and identifying areas for integration of policies with other health promotion strategies -5 steps 1. Reach—the portion and representative of the program participants relative to the priority population 2. Effectiveness—focused on the greatest impact on the primary outcomes and the fewest negative side effects 3. Adoption—the portion and representativeness of the health promotion settings and program staff such that the program could be conducted in many other settings 4. Implementation—the ability to consistently and reliability deliver the program in various settings without undue costs 5. Maintenance—the program includes strategies to ensure long-term improvements

qualitative methods

-involve the gathering of nonnumerical data via such methods as interviews, focus groups, and open-ended survey questions -Often provides a greater understanding of the impact of the program base don insights from key stakeholders -Can help get at the "why" that was missing in quantitative data -Allow program participants to share their thoughts, perceptions, challenges, concerns, and so on

ethical considerations

-Three articles within the Code of Ethics relate to the development and implementation of a program evaluation: -Article I: responsibility to the public -Article III: responsibility to employers -Article V: responsibility in research and evaluation: 1. Describes that health education/promotion professionals conduct research and evaluation in accordance with federal and state laws and regulations, organizational and institutional policies, and professional standards. It is further broken into seven sections.

successful health policy advocacy: MADD

-Was founded by Candy Lightner after her daughter was killed by a drunk driver -The driver was a repeat offender -Used a media advocacy campaign to educate the public about the dangers of drunk driving -This advocacy raised public consciousness about the threat of drunk driving and spurred lawmakers to initiate more legislation to curb this danger -MADD's media advocacy has been recognized as the impetus that inspired action that decreased fatalities resulting from drunk driving

5 Key Questions you need to answer regarding advocacy

-What action—one that is feasible—will actually solve the health problem? -Who needs to take action? -What does your audience need to hear? -Who is best to share the message with your audience? -What actions will you use to make your point?

communication channel: education entertainment

-a form of health communication in which educational content and information is intentionally incorporated into an entertainment format

communication channel: mass media campaigns

-a tried-and-true approach that has been used to spotlight many health promotion topics -Mass media channels include but are not limited to newspapers, magazines, newsletters, radio and television

table 8.1 (just list them) -mnemonic device: AABCCERRRTU

-accuracy -availability -balance -consistency -cultural competence -evidence base -reach -reliability -repetition -timeliness -understandability

development evaluation

-approach focuses innovative programs in their earliest stages of development which may not be well suited for traditional evaluation methods -well suited for helping to understand complex or changing environments -has a strong integration among program staff and program evaluators and is particular well suited for the following five purposes: 1. ongoing development—adapting an existing program to changing conditions 2. adaptation—adapting a program based on general principles for a particular context 3. rapid response—adapting a program to respond quickly in a crisis 4. performative development—readying a potentially promising program for the traditional formative and summative evaluation cycle 5.system change—providing feedback on broad systems change

evaluation costs

-evaluation costs—the cost of a program evaluation is related to a number of factors and typically ranges from 5% to 20% of the program budget -the lower end of this scale is typically reserved for very large and expensive programs in which the program evaluation is fairly basic -the higher end of the scale is typically reserved for demonstration projects for which program evaluation is one of the primary goals of the funding and is used to determine the effectiveness for the given health promotion program -while a common rule of thumb is that 10% of the budget be allocated to program evaluation, there is a wide variance based on many factors, including the following: 1. the education, experience, and track record of the program evaluator 2. the level of technical expertise needed 3. the size and complexity of the program being evaluated 4. the number of sites in which the program is taking place 5. the evaluation design 6. the frequency of data collection and analysis 7. the program's internal resources and expertise 8. travel needs 9. the need to detect small changes in program outcomes

time frame for evaluation

-if the purpose of evaluation is program improvement, then the evaluation needs to continue as long as the program stakeholders seek to improve the program -continuous program improvement is often the state purpose of evaluation, and if it is, then evaluation in some form continues as long as the program operates -However, program evaluations are rarely funded for the life of a program -Sometimes the evaluation is funded for only the first 2 or 3 years of a program

mixed methods

-involve a combination of qualitative and quantitative data collection methods -Usually the best option for a quality program evaluation -Eliminates many of the limitations of doing just quantitative or just qualitative -Best at getting at both the "what" and the "why" -Qualitative methods are the predominant method used during formative evaluation and quantitative methods are the predominant method during summative evaluation

quantitative methods

-involve the gathering and analysis of numerical data -the evaluator determines what quantitative data are needed to assess whether the program's SMART objectives were mt -commonly used in conducting evaluations of health promotion programs -the "what"

what is advocacy

-is action in support of a cause or proposal -It is political, as in lobbying for specific legislation, or social, as in speaking out on behalf of those without a voice

methods of advocacy: building relationships with the media

-it is better to begin building a team of journalists, legislators, and stalwart supporters long before the problem is the issue of the day -Advocacy efforts will not be taken seriously unless they take the media seriously—one way to do this is by applying the four P's to interactions with members of the media -Be prepared -Prioritize all remarks -Be punctual -Be polite

cultural relevance

-means that the evaluation methods and materials, including the measurement tools, have been developed with consideration of the cultural traits of the priority population -this includes the idea of cultural acceptability in which program participants feel that the methods and materials of the program and its evaluation are appropriate and respectful of the nuances of the priority population

plain language & how to achieve it

-use ample white space, break up dense amount of texts, keep sentences short -use clear heading and bullets, try using question-and-answer formats with straightforward answers -use active voice and strong verbs -avoid medical jargon, and use conversational language -use a design that increases comprehension, include pictures or graphics that are visually appealing to illustrate examples or important points -supplement written materials with audiovisual material or conversation

how to meet the funder's needs (not just your own)

..

Nine (9) Steps for developing a Communication plan: step 6-conduct market research to refine your message and materials

Conducting market research and pretesting in order to determine the activities for each intended audience, messages for each market, and material to be developed

article two: Describe one example from your life that is illustrated in any of the 5 steps (i.e. describe how you have participated in any aspect of the planning model)

One aspect of the planning model I have participated in is fundraising. For THON, when canning and canvassing were allowed, a group from my organization would go stay at a person's house for the weekend. There we would stand outside of local businesses that listened to our cause and allowed us to fundraise outside their store. We would also go from home to home and share what we would doing to try and receive donations.

article three: Which health behavior theor(ies) do you think were guiding their work?

The health behavior theories I think were guiding their work would be a capacity assessment when they went to the school and saw what needed to be done based off the situation at the actual location. I think the probably followed somewhat of a guideline with a need's assessment. Lastly, I think they followed more of a social intervention aspect by asking the community for help and also helping the community.

Nine (9) Steps for developing a Communication plan: step 8-review tasks and timeline

The timeline is reviewed and adjusted as the program progresses

article one: how is this project an example of advocacy?

This project is an example of advocacy because it is based around helping other people and brining attention to the idea of helping others. The original assignment was already an example of advocacy because she was introducing the idea of how to help others by asking what they would need assistance with. However, her students then even took it a step further to continue to advocate to help the school and another that had been affected by a tragedy.

annual giving

any organization's yearly drive to raise financial support for its ongoing operating needs -Is about donor acquisition, repeating the gift, and upgrading the gift

mass fundraising

generated from huge mailings that generate tens of thousands of donors and produce funds with the fewest strings attached

validity

refers to the ability of evaluation data collect instruments/tools to accurately measure what the evaluator wants to measure

reliability

refers to the ability of evaluation data collection instruments/tools to provide consistent results each time they are used

table 8.1: evidence base

relevant scientific evidence that has undergone comprehensive review and rigorous analysis to formulate practice guidelines, performance measures, review criteria, and technology assessments for telehealth applications

table 8.1: reach

the content gets or is available to the largest possible number of people in the priority population

table 8.1: availability

the content is delivered or place where the audience can access it

table 8.1: accuracy

the content is valid and without errors of fact, interpretation, or judgement

table 8.1: reliability

the source of the content is credible, and the content itself is kept up to date

health communication

the study and use of communication strategies to inform and influence individual and community decisions that affect health

pretesting

used in developing new materials, revising existing materials, and developing messages and concepts

table 8.1: balance

where appropriate, the content presents the benefits and risks of potential actions or recognizes different and valid perspectives on the issue

methods of advocacy: blogs

-(online diaries or journals) have rapidly evolved to more sophisticated journals -Blogs tend to provide commentary or news on a particular subject

methods of advocacy: letters, emails, and phone calls

-A letter to a key policymaker has elements of persuasion similar to those of a letter to the editor or an op-ed piece, but a few additional tips may prove useful -Be certain to properly address the letter to a congressperson—use 'the honorable' rather than Mr. or Mrs. -Make the letter short and to the point

Nine (9) Steps for developing a Communication plan: step 9-evaluate the plan

Utilization and penetration of the program communications, satisfaction with the communications, or recommendations on how to improve the program material and information

friendship bench Zimbabwe

look at this again

communication channel: interpersonal channel

more likely to be trusted and put the message into personal context -Include physicians and other health professionals, friends, family, and counselors

special event fundraisers

often called fundraising benefits, special event fundraisers are social gathering that generate publicity for an organization; raise money; charge a fee for attendance but offer some form of entertainment in exchange; and include extravaganzas, events for bargain hunters or gambler, or educational events

table 8.1: timeliness

the content is provided or available when the audience is most receptive to, or in need of, the specific information

table 8.1: consistency

the content remains consistent over time and also is consistent with information from other sources

health literacy

the degree to which an individual has the capacity to obtain, communicate, process, and understand basic health information and services in order to make appropriate health decisions

table 8.1: repetition

the delving of/access to the content is continued or repeated over time, both to reinforce the impact with a given audience and to reach new generations

table 8.1: cultural competence

the design, implementation, and evaluation process that accounts for special issues for select population groups and also educational levels and disability

table 8.1: understandability

the reading or language level and format (including multimedia) are appropriate for the specific audience

corporate philanthropy

the trend is for their staff to show support by volunteering for the organization or explicitly recommending that the corporation donate to the cause

table 9.1: health insurance

-Adults at workplaces (for example, small and large businesses, health care organizations, schools)

table 9.1: client fees (fees for service)

-Adults at workplaces (for example, small and large businesses, health care organizations, schools) -Adults, children, and teenagers in community settings (for example, preschools, senior centers, recreation centers)

table 9.1: matching funds, cost sharing, and in-kind contributions; collaboration and cooperative agreement; infrastructure (operating, core, or hard) funding

-Adults at workplaces (for example, small and large businesses, health care organizations, schools) -Adults, children, and teenagers in community settings (for example, preschools, senior centers, recreation centers) -Children, teenagers, and young adults attending school and college (K-16)

working with board members: how to ask for money

-Another resource that is available to help with eh funding programs is the organization's board of directors -By law, all nonprofit organizations are required to have a board of directors -Variety of methods to ask for money 1. Such as direct mail appeals 2. Special events 3. Pledge programs 4. Products for sale -The hardest way for an organization to raise money is for board, staff, and volunteers to ask people directly for donations

Nine (9) Steps for developing a Communication plan: step 3-learn about the intended audiences

-Audience segmentation—the division of propriety populations into subgroups that share similar qualities or characteristics: 1. Populations are divided into segments according to multiple factors, including geography, demographics, psychographic traits, behaviors, and readiness to change 2. Psychographics—for example, attitudes, beliefs, self-efficacy -The goal of formative research is to describe the intended audience: who they are, what is important to them, what influences their behavior 1. Can also be used to determine how ready the intended audience is to change, what social or cultural factors may affect the program, when and where the audience can best be reached, what communication channels are preferred by the audience, and what learning styles, language, and tone the intended audience prefers

Theories useful for advocacy

-Community mobilization theory supports advocacy through its focus on individuals' taking action organized around specific health issues at a site -Social network and social support theory, with its emphasis on relationship building based on mutual support and shared interest, reinforces for advocates the importance of building social support and networks when advocating -Communication theory, the diffusion of innovation model, and social marketing all help to shape how and with whom program staff, stakeholder, and participants talk in order to champion a program

Nine (9) Steps for developing a Communication plan: step 4-select communication channels and activities

-Consider the settings, times, places, and states of mind in which the intended audience may be receptive to and able to act on the programs key message -Then identify the communication channels—routes of message delivery—through which the program's messages will be delivered and the activities that are used to deliver it -Communication channels—routes of message delivery

Nine (9) Steps for developing a Communication plan: step 5-develop partnerships

-Employing other organizations as partners is a useful and cost-effective method to broaden the reach of the program -Can serve as a powerful and sustainable distribution channel -Partnerships can: 1. Provide more credibility for a program's message because the partner organization might be considered a trusted source for the intended audience 2. Increase the number of messages the program can share with the intended audience 3. Provide additional resources 4. Expand support for an organization's high-priority activities

Overview of Grant Proposal (Table 9.2)

-Executive summary—umbrella statement of your case and summary of the entire proposal; 1 page -Statements of need—why the project is necessary; 2 pages -Project description—nuts and bolts of how the project will be implemented and evaluated; 3 pages -Budget—financial description of the project plus explanatory notes; 1 page -Information on organization—organization history and governing structure; its primary activities, audiences, and series; 1 page -Conclusion—summary of proposal's main points; 2 paragraphs

infrastructure funding

-are monies that an organization obtains in order to operate its infrastructure before offering any program, activities, or services -Such monies might pay for the director's salary, staff salaries, rent, janitorial services, clerical staff, or bookkeeping and payroll operations -Some schools and colleges have endowments (funding with specific instructions and criteria for how the money is spent) that are used for the infrastructure costs of health promotion programs that target particular groups of students

writing process for a grant proposal

-For federal grants, writing a grant proposal can take 3 to 6 months, and another year or so from the time it is sent until it might get funded -Local community foundations and United Way may announce funding opportunities and proposal guidelines at the beginning of a month with a due date for a finished proposal 1 month later and may expected that funded programs will be implemented 1 or 2 months after that -Before writing the proposal, form an internal working committee: 1. Key stakeholders and individuals who will be involved with the funded project are included on the working committee -Next, consider asking objective and experienced individuals who have worked in the particular health area or with the funding organization to share their experiences and recommendations about what would be of interest to the funder -The committee can now draft a short description of the specific aims of the program -Consider the audience that one is writing for -In grant applications, it is often best to use a balance of technical and nontechnical writing because the reviewers may not be familiar with the terminology in your field -Consider separating technical and nontechnical information in the parts of the application that reviews will most likely read—the abstract, significance, and specific aims -Suggested that proposal writers begin each paragraph simply and then progress to more complex information -Read the guidelines to learn the specifications

why is advocacy needed--professional responsibility

-Funding can be cut for political reasons regardless of success -New priorities might be introduced -Participation eligibility might change -Recessions and other economic influences -Resources are not unlimited -Health promotion practitioners clearly need to be effective advocated for a piece of the resource pie for their profession and for the people they work to help -Health promotion programs require supportive and receptive environments in order to achieve long-term sustainability

Pre-test example: Guard Your Health (p.213-214)

-Guard your health is a comprehensive health and wellness programs that was established to serve as a central place online for Army National Guard Soldiers and family members to find information and resources on health and medical readiness -Program offers health tips, expert commentary, and community forums on topics such as nutrition, exercise, stress, sleep. Dental health, readiness, and family resilience -During focus groups and intercept interviews, logos for the program were pretested with soldiers, leadership, and administrative staff. They were asked to answer questions about the logos and discussed questions such as: 1. What colors do you like best? 2. Which imagery do you like best? 3. Which fonts do you like best? 4. Which is your favorite and why? -Soldiers preferred the "caduceus' and "minute man" logos -Felt the minute man logo was a representation of them and thought the sword was cool -They felt one logo was too feminine and plain -The logo with the caduceus was chosen as the symbol for the guard your health program, the soldiers really liked the motion "My mission. My health." Because it communicated that everyone is responsible for his or her own health, and they understood that maintaining their health is their personal responsibility

article: What is harm reduction? How is it an effective strategy to use with adolescents and risky behaviors?

-Harm reduction is a public health strategy that was developed initially for adults with substance abuse problems for whom abstinence was not feasible. Harm reduction approaches have been effective in reducing morbidity and mortality in these adult populations. -Harm reduction is used with adolescents and their risky behaviors by providing the proper education needed for this target group to decrease undesired outcomes. For instance, to reduce teen pregnancies and STDs, they have used harm reduction by increasing adolescent's education during their sexual health education.

How Funding Varies by Program Participants & setting: see Table 9.1 and pages 224-225 for an explanation

-Health promotion programs for adults at workplaces, including small and large businesses, health care organizations, and schools, are increasingly provided as part of their health insurance employee benefit packages -Millions of other Americans get their health insurance coverage through large employers -Generally those are businesses with more than 50 employees -Frequently employers provide in-kind support such as access to classrooms, computers, and organizational e-mail lists in order to circulate program announcements -At some sites, employees pay a small fee for individual program sessions or classes -Funding for health promotion programs at schools for children, teenagers, and young adults (K-16) have a number of sources -Schools summarize the different funding sources in a single document called the school budget -A health promotion program that works in the community and focuses on the community members involves a number of funding sources -Local health departments, which run some community programs, are funded by public dollars -Community organizations rely on grants, fundraising, service contracts, and health insurance

methods of advocacy: PSAs

-are part of the public relations toolbox of health educators -Aid in advertising events but may also advocate a specific perspective or action in regard to health promotion -Some PSAs are used to heighten awareness of a health problem -Radio and television airwaves are owned by the public, and television and radio stations must pay for their use of the airwaves by giving back a certain amount of public service time

Technological Processes: technical requirements

-Now common to submit proposals online through sites that require organizational or individual registration and passwords -The sites may require populating (completing) an online form and uploading files and materials in certain formats with size restrictions -Help for technological problems encountered during the submission process may be limited

successful health policy advocacy: march of dimes

-Originally known as the National Foundation for Infantile paralysis -Is an example of a voluntary health organization that achieved its goal -Founded in 1930 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, it began as a campaign to collect money toward research to find a cure for polio and toward care for those suffering from the disease -All individuals residing in the U.S. were asked to voluntarily given one dime toward the effort -In 1958, 3 years after the Salk vaccine was introduced to the general public, the March of Dimes changes its focus, becoming an organization dedicated to preventing birth defects, premature birth, and infant mortality -March of Dimes have applied their efforts not just toward soliciting donations for research but also toward advocacy for more funding for research in their chosen areas -Today's March of Dimes works in the areas of research, education, community services, and advocacy

methods of advocacy: meeting with legislators

-Preparation for meetings -Prioritization -Punctuality -Politeness

Nine (9) Steps for developing a Communication plan: step 1-understand the problem

-Provides a clear picture of the health problem or concern, the program's stakeholders and participants, and program's priorities -The programs missions, goals, and interventions provide a context and framework for developing materials and deciding what is to be communicated -Review of existing material and identification of any gaps in the type of media communication activities used, intended audiences targeted, or messages conveyed

from article: What are the 4 parts of the American Public Health Association Strategic Plan for climate change? In your own words, explain how climate change is a health issue.

-Shift the narrative about climate change to speak to people's values regarding their health and that of their families and loved ones -Influence and advance climate policies that promise to have the greatest impact on environmental justice and health equity outcomes -Serve as a science and policy resource to inform sound policies and decision making and to evaluate the health equity impacts of those policies -Galvanize action to advance climate-healthy practices and behaviors that will make the greatest impact on public health and health equity

alumni or donor events

-Stewardship related to resource management, and in the context of a donor's gift, that involves compliance with donor's wishes with respect to application of the gift, effective management of the resources represented by the gift, and accountability -All donations are acknowledged with a personalized letter of thanks with a charitable donation receipt attached

grants

-are sums of money awarded to finance a particular activity or program and generally do not need to be paid back -Federal agencies and other organizations sponsor grant programs for various reasons

public funds

-are tax dollars collected and spent by the government to provide the infrastructure for the systems and organizations that operate state and local health and human services -At the federal level, the main organization that coordinates health services is the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, which includes the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -At the local level, services and programs use public funds to provided needed services and address health concerns of the local citizenry -Schools and many hospitals receive public funds to finance their day-to-day operating cost -For example, many schools get money from property taxes as well as tax dollars from their state -A school health promotion program might have it staff paid for from the public funds while material and supplies might be from a different source

communication channel: interactive media, ehealth tools, and social media

-are used to reach multiple audiences -Extend both the reach and depth of mass media -Include but are not limited to webinars, online courses, electronic bulletin boards, newsgroups, chat rooms, blogs, e-mail, text messages, listservs, podcasts, online videos, and social networking sites

2003 assessment of health literacy

-The 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL) included the first-ever—and to date, only—national assessment of health literacy of adults in the U.S., based on this definition of health literacy: "the ability to use printed and written information associated with a broad range of goals at home, in the workplace, and in the community" -Results were reported in terms of four literacy levels: 1. Below basic—the person has, at most, only the simple and concrete health literacy skills 2. Basic—the person has the skills necessary to perform simple and everyday health literacy activities 3. Intermediate—the person has the skills necessary to perform moderately challenging health literacy activities 4. Proficient—the person has the skills necessary to perform more complex and challenging health literacy activities -Findings indicated that the majority of adults (53%) had intermediate health literacy, meaning that they could do things like determine the healthy weight range for a person of a specific height on a body mass index chart or determine the times when it would be correct for a person to take prescribed medicated after reading the label -About 22% had basic health literacy, meaning that they could do things like read a clearly written brochure and then identify reasons that a person with no symptoms of a specific disease should be tested for it anyway -14% had below basic health literacy—meaning that they could do things like circle the date on a medical appointment slip or identify how often a person needs to have a specific medical test after reading a clearly written pamphlet -This means that the lowest percentage of adults, just 12% had proficient health literacy skills

how to maintain a relationship with the funder

-Trust, honestly, timeliness, and accountability, as well as transparency in the program's operations and delivery and provision of high-quality services and material that achieve the programs goals and objectives -Specific strategies for maintaining a good relationship with the funder: 1. Schedule and initial meeting in order to gather information from the potential funder as well as to share information about your organization 2. Engage in a frank discussion about funder attributions and recognitions for the health promotion program, and document decisions in writing 3. If the funder agrees, seek opportunities to leverage its contribution to attract additional funding and funders 4. Keep excellent financial records so that your organization can track income and expenses easily, quickly, and accurately 5. Find a champion within the foundation, corporation, or other funding source 6. Be willing to admit to the funder when a mistake is made or plans go awry, whether it ben an unrealistic timeline a budgetary miscalculation, a difficulty with program implementation, or neutral or negative results for a program evaluation

what is advocacy in terms of health promotion?

-advocacy is championing the program, fighting for funding, and engaging others in order to sustain the program, address a specific health problem, and eliminate health disparities -a set of action used by individuals and groups to create supportive environments for health promotion programs -—"the processes by which the actions of individuals or groups attempt to bring about social and/or organizational change on behalf of a particular health goal, program, interest or population"

Matching funds, cost-sharing, in-kind donations

-all refer to monies and resources that are provided by another organization -In cost sharing, monies from another organization have to be spent by the time program concludes -In-kind contributions are noncash contributions that ae used to operate programs or services

client fees

-also known as fees for service; are the prices that individuals pay to receive or participate in a service -Often, series are offered at no cost to the recipient because the organization collects revenue from other sources to cover the costs of offering the service or program -Increasingly, however, individuals are being asked to pay some fee for their participation -Public and nonprofit organizations with client fees usually have policies that regulate the fee amounts as well as safeguards to ensure that fees are not a barrier to receiving services

formative evaluations

-are conducted during program development and implementation -useful to help provide the best starting point for the program, to help avoid pitfalls with implementation, and to best guide program improvements during implementation -involves gathering information and materials during program planning and development to ensure that a program and its corresponding activities are appropriate and acceptable to the priority population -has two subcategories: 1. needs assessment—formalized approach to collecting and analyzing data for the purpose of identifying the needs and priorities of a group 2. process evaluation—about systemically gathering information during program implementation

major gifts

-are given for a specific purpose, distinguishing them from an annual gift, which is usually unrestricted and available to fund current operations -Major gifts are likely to be given in a restricted manner in order to accomplish a specific purpose that is valued by the donor

volunteers

-are individuals who serve an organization or case -A volunteer does not get paid or receive compensation for services rendered -Perform many tasks from direct service delivery to service on boards of directors or as program advocates -Popular in many schools are service-learning programs, in which students volunteer in community health organizations as part of their course work

summative evaluation

-determine the short- and long-term changes that occurred as a result of the program -demonstrate the magnitude of the impact of the program, to show accountability for resources invested in the program, and to provide strong data to be used to make important decisions -assesses the degree to which the SMART objectives and program goals were met -two subcategories: 1. impact evaluation—methods are used to measure the immediate effects of a health promotion program and the extent to which the programs objectives were obtained 2. outcome evaluation—a natural extension of impact evaluation and focuses on longer-term (greater than 6 months) outcomes that may result from a health promotion intervention

foundations

-entities that are established as nonprofit corporations or charitable trusts with a principle purpose of making grants to unrelated organizations or institutions or to individuals for scientific, educational, cultural, religious, or other charitable purposes -Encompasses two foundation types: -Private foundations—most of its fund come from one source, whether an individual, a family, or a corporation -Public foundations—normally receives its assets from multiple sources, which may include, private foundations, individuals, government agencies, and fees for service -A public foundation must continue to seek money from diverse sources in order to retain its public status

campaigns

-having a specific set of defining points that include a specific goal, support of a particular project, and set starting and ending dates -Begin by defining its mission -Then name the amount needed to achieve the mission, set a deadline, and then determine how donors will be recognized

why is pretesting important

-if the material or messages are not pretested, valuable time and financial resources will be wasted on materials or messages that do not resonate with the priority audience -to ensure that they will meet communication objectives when they are received by people in the intended audience who may have very different issues and concerns from members of the program staff

quality improvement findings

-improvement science focuses on timely feedback and practical application of quality improvement findings -the public health foundation has quality improvement as one of three focuses areas and promote a process of rapid quality improvement 1. plan 2. do 3. check/study 4. act

methods of advocacy: newspaper editorial pages

-include letters to the editor and op-ed articles -Appear in both print and online version of most papers, allowing them to be e-mailed to a person

communication channel: community channels

-involve working with community groups to conduct activities such as meetings, conferences, and other events to disseminate the programs message -Can reach a large intended audience, may be familiar to the audience, may have influence with the audience, and can offer shared experiences -Can be time consuming to establish -Another negative aspect is the possibility of losing control of the message if it has to be adapted to fit organizational needs

health insurance

-is a growing source of money for health promotion programs -The majority of Americans have health insurance through their employer or the employer of a family member -Government subsidized or government-provided health care insurance includes Medicare for the elderly or disabled, Medicaid for the disadvantaged, CHAMPUS for military dependents, and medically indigent adult (MIA) programs for the indigent poor at the county level -In many communities there are private free clinics that are unaffiliated with any insurance company, plan, or government entity -Key to health insurance being a source of money is that the Affordable Care Act (ACA) established as part of health insurance products the Essential Health Benefit (EHB) package -The ACA directs that the EGB cover a leas the following 10 general categories 1. Ambulatory patient services 2. Emergency services 3. Hospitalization 4. Maternity and newborn care 5. Mental health and substance use disorder services 6. Prescription drugs 7. Rehabilitative and habilitative services and devices 8. Laboratory services 9. Preventative and health promotion services and chronic disease management 10. Pediatric services

collaborative agreement

-may not directly involve money but rather access and use of resources that are critical to a health promotion program's service delivery and that ultimately save the programs money through not having to duplicate the services of another organization -Are formalized with a document detailing resources, staff, and material each organization will use in program implementation

online crowdsourcing

-mission-driven organizations have set up websites to raise money through social media campaigns -Benefits: Inexpensive, provides an equal opportunity whether the organization is large or small, and has potential to reach millions simultaneously -Downsides: no one monitors carefully where the money goes, and the contributions tend to be non-tax-deductible

mobile giving and bidding

-mobile bidding helps protect donors' privacy as it sidesteps the internet directly -Donors use their own cell phones, and their credit cards are never out of their hands -After the Haiti's earthquake, an individual could simply text $10 to the Red Cross

who is at risk for low health literacy?

-older adults -racial and ethnic minorities -people with low education levels -people with low income levels -non-native speakers of English -people with comprised health status

methods of advocacy: talking points

-one of the first things developed is a list of talking points, which can then be used in a variety of advocacy efforts such as a meeting with a legislator, developing a public service announcement, writing a letter to the editor, or making a contribution to a blog -Are succinct, stay on topic, and developed with a specific message in mind

methods of advocacy (just list them)

-talking points -newspaper editorial pages -letters, emails, and phone calls -public service announcements -blogs -twitter, facebook, and other social media -meeting with legislators -building relationships with the media

fundraising

-the process of soliciting and gathering money of in-kind gifts by requesting donations from individuals, businesses, charitable foundations, or government agencies -In the United States in 2014 total giving through fundraising was $358.38 billion -Many organizations rely on their local United Way to raise funds for them -The United Way is a national network of more than 1,300 locally governed organizations, is the nation's largest community-based fundraiser -Engage their community in order to identify the underlying causes of the most significant local issues, develop strategies and pull together financial and human resources to address them, and measure the results -In 2013-2014, the United Way system raised $4.1 billion, continuing its status as the nation's largest private charity -U.S. tax laws encourage private citizens to make tax-deductible contributions and donation to tax-exempt organizations

planned gifts

-when donors plan to give, they can donate a greater, more significant amount than they may have originally thought possible, and for some donors, planning ahead of time is the only way to make a substantial gift -Development officers who deal with planned gifts specialize in handling gifts with tax and estate implications for donors -These include gifts of outright cash and securities; gifts that provide a lifetime income to donors, such as pooled income fund gifts, charitable gift annuities, and charitable remainder trusts; and bequests, gifts of real estate, and gifts of tangible personal property, such as art, jewelry, antiques, and collectibles

six steps to pre-testing process

1. Review existing materials 2. Develop and test message concepts 3. Decide what materials to develop 4. Develop messages and materials 5. Pretest messages and materials 6. Revise the materials, then produce and distribute them

Nine (9) Steps for developing a Communication plan (just list them)

1. understand the problem 2. define communication objectives 3. learn about the intended audiences 4. select communication channels and activities 5. develop partnerships 6. conduct market research to refine your message and materials 7. implement the communication plan 8. review tasks and timeline 9. evaluate the plan

Finding Funding sources (steps 1-7)

1.Clarify the purpose of the health promotion program and write a concise statement (a mission statement) 2. Identify the right funding sources 3. Contact the funders 4. Acquire the proposal guidelines 5. Know the submission deadline 6. Determine personnel needs 7. Assess the feasibility of writing and submitting the proposal, of winning funding, and of fully implementing the program if it is funded

article three: How is this article an example of advocacy in action?

The article is an example of advocacy in action because individuals are doing in person meetings with others to share information regarding a cause that they can help. Hearing these stories and sharing allows people to become educated and connected based off others literal actions.

article one: The article explains how college students worked with a local elementary school to improve their school and playground. As part of the project, they decided to raise money together for an even less fortunate school that had been destroyed by Hurricane Katrina, and called that aspect of their project, Paying it Forward. What is the importance of Paying it forward? do you think this extra step is useful OR unnecessary?

The importance of Paying it Forward is to continue to spread good all around. It allows people to receive help but then expands on that to have those aided do the same for others. I think this extra step is necessary. I believe this because once you have been given help and see the impact, you should do the same for others. If no one had helped the elementary school be beautified, they would have had a little less joy every day. However, they were fortunate enough to be given assistance, so I think it is needed to continue that cycle.

article three: What is the importance of coffee diplomacy? do you think we still need that today with our use of texting & social media?

The importance of coffee diplomacy is to make people feel connected to the cause. By allowing them to share their stories and in turn, sharing your own the foundation formed is very strong and durable. It makes people care to be apart of the project and want to do something to help. I think we still need it today to some extent to make it personal. However, social media also does a great job of sharing these stories and connections but does not really allow people to share back. That is where the solid bond formation comes in.

article two: What is the importance of keeping things fun, holding ceremonies, applauding yourself (via social media) and sending out periodic updates? (#5 e,f,g, h)

The importance of keeping things fun, holding ceremonies, applauding yourself, and sending out periodic updates is for multiple reasons. First, doing these things makes people want to be apart of the cause and help. Also, these all help bring awareness to the cause and allow people to grasp that what we are doing is meaningful and something we really care about. That usually makes people more willing to donate. Lastly, the updates allow people to know what is currently going on and the how the progress for the organization is going.

improvement science

a newly developing discipline with a focus on learning from strong research and evaluation designs which can then be used in a timely manner to make an impact on the population of interest

communication channel: group channels

can reach more of the intended audience while still retaining many of the positive aspects of interpersonal channels -Include neighborhood groups, workplaces, churches, support groups, or clubs