Beatles Exam 1

Allan Williams

First manager Left bc they broke a contract with him when they refused to pay him. Left after he had arranged their booking at the Top Ten Club their manager booking agent the man who first took them to Hamburg. Owned the Jacaranda became a popular hotspot for students from Liverpool Art College, among them John Lennon and Stuart Sutcliffe. arranged for them to back singer Johnny Gentle on a tour of Scotland Gentle was was managed by top London impresario Larry Parnes

"chains"

Gerry Goffin/Carole King minor hit in 1962 for The Cookies, Little Eva's backing singers https://www.beatlesbible.com/songs/chains/ Please Please Me album AABA 12-bar blues

"Cry for a Shadow"

Harrison-Lennon Produced by Bert Kaemfert https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3axU2rOAcms Released as single in 1964

Gender

Influence of "girl groups" Reimagining of gender roles Expressions of male vulnerability

Image

Initial image was that of the "teddy boy" phenomenon; more rough around the edges; would drink and yell swears at the crowd. Brian Epstein would later clean up their acts for a more presentable image Iconic haircuts come from Astrid Kirchherr and Jürgen Vollmer.

Little Richard

John Lennon's first introduction to black musicians singing rock and roll

Bert Kaempfert

Kaempfert recording sessions led to Epstein finding them through the recording of My Bonnie During the second time going to Hamburg, they shared the stage with Tony Sheridan. Bert Kaempfert, a musician and producer, liked the match and arranged for them to make a recording

"It Won't Be Long"

Lennon-McCartney Album: With The Beatles heavily featured the band's distinctive "Yeah, yeah" signature established with 'She Loves You' https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVKU6SevefY

"I Wanna Be Your Man"

Lennon-McCartney Album: With the Beatles Released: 22 Nov 1963 Simple Verse/Chorus Form, ABAB

"Not a Second Time"

Lennon-McCartney Album: With the Beatles Released: 22 Nov 1963 Verse/Refrain, AAB

"Ask Me Why"

Lennon-McCartney https://www.beatlesbible.com/songs/ask-me-why/ (scroll down for video) Greatly influenced by Smokey Robinson and the Miracles (guitar motif) AABA with full reprise B side of Please Please Me single Also included on the album Please Please Me Both released 196

Litherland

Liverpool Dec 27th 1962 (Litherland Hall): Beginning of Beatlemania people thought they were German and they were unlike anything that anyone had heard before They had an "atomic bomb" approach to performance and were told to make a big show of the event The second time playing at litherland This was the first time Paul McCartney played bass guitar with The Beatles In the audience were Johnny Guitar and Ringo Starr from Rory Storm and the Hurricanes

"boys"

Luther Dixon - Wes Farrell Only song in 12-bar blues on the "Please Please Me" album AABAB https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qr8OuW5JJgQ

"Misery"

McCartney-Lennon AABA https://www.beatlesbible.com/songs/misery/ First stab at a ballad Hoped that Shapiro would record it -lyrics not suitable for her Released 1963 from album please please me

Stu Sutcliffe

Met John Lennon at the Liverpool College of Art Shared an apartment with John Lennon and introduced John to the American beatnick scene Joined the Silver Beatles in 1959 as the bass player Art friend of Lennon, joined the quarrymen Played the bass, although very limited musical skills Suggested the name 'beatals' Stayed in Hamburg with new girlfriend once beatles left

Tony Sheridan

Tony Sheridan was important during the Hamburg experience, was a good guitarist/producer and gave the Beatles advice during this time second hamburg tour: they were recruited by independent producer Bert Kaempfert to back Tony Sheridan "My Bonnie" was released August 19661 on Polydor in Germany as by Tony Sheridan and the Beat Brothers. British release was by Tony Sheridan and The Beatles.

Race

Translation of black expression for white/mainstream audiences

Dick Rowe

Turned down the beatles at decca for a local group Did research on types of music different age groups listened to - 12-14 → Thumping Rock style - 14-18 → Romantic Ballads - 18-22 → Artists like Sinatra

Class

Working class roots Appropriation of black music as reaction against aristocratic norms

"Hello Little Girl"

Written by lennon-mccartney First song written by John Lennon Recorded during unsuccessful audition at decca on Jan 1 1962 John Lennon: vocals, rhythm guitar Paul McCartney: harmony vocals, bass George Harrison: lead guitar Pete Best: drums Released: 21 November 1995 Anthology 1

"Don't Bother Me"

Written by: George Harrison Album: With the Beatles Released 22 Nov 1963 AABA First bar summarizes entire song with "Since she's been gone, I want no one to talk to me"

"Till There Was You"

Written: Meredith Wilson Original: Show Tune (50') Album: With the Beatles Released: 22 Nov 1963 AABA form

Bruno Koschmider

a local club owner who owned the Kaiserkeller and Indra At the Indra, Koschmider told them to play 4 ½ hour shows M-F, and six hours Saturday and Sunday. Had the beatles play at his clubs for several months until they agreed to play at his rival club the Top Ten Got paul and pete arrested and deported and George deported

First booking

art college, no drummer

Pete Best

fired and replaced with Ringo because he wasn't good enough on drums (August 15, 1962) joined as drummer on aug 14 1960 because the beatles played in hamburg Pete had no musical experience when he initially joined the band Pete's mother had a child with the Beatles' road manager Neil Spinall

"She Loves You"

first Beatles recording not to use an introduction - it simply launches directly into the chorus Single-1963 Lennon-McCarteny Song where Beatlemania truly began https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nGbWU8S3vzs

Chuck Berry

first generation rocker "You Never Can Tell"

"In Spite of All the Danger" (quarrymen)

first recording demonstrates how the Beatles modelled their first songs after artists they admired https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q2LcLrI6HU McCartney-Harrison Inspired by Elvis Presely Pressend on single record with "That'll Be The Day" Released summer of 1958 "Tryin" Vs. "Danger Similarities: Shuffle rhythm (but tempo is slower in "Danger") Structure: Verse in SRDC form: inclusion of bridge and an instrumental break Harmonic rhythm: tonic cord held in S-R with inflection of flat-7: then a quicker move to IV and V in the D phrase Bridge harmonic pattern: bpth have the chordal pattern of IV - I - IV - V

"Love Me Do"

first single produced by george martin released oct 5 1962 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0pGOFX1D_jg Lennon-McCartney AABA

The Crawdaddy

heavily blues they drove to Richmond to see a new group, The Rolling Stones, perform at crawdaddy

Larry Parnes

hired the beatles (the silver beatles / beetles) to back johnny gentle on a tour of scotland

"baby its you"

https://www.beatlesbible.com/songs/baby-its-you/ David-Williams-Bacharach Originally recorded by the Shirelles Please Pleas me album 1963 Simple verse -A

"P.S. I Love You"

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MA5DkiVKSlM Lennon-McCartney Released 1962 as a single Form is virtually identical to Misery (two bridges separated by one verse) AABA with extra B at the start

"All I've Got to Do"

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=anMW41uvb_s Lennon-McCartney With The Beatles first time in rock and roll or rock music where the bass player plays chords as a vital part of the song

"Like Dreamers Do"

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c60b6xpqyDQ Lennon - McCartney Played at DECCA audition Released anthology 1 in 1995

"Maggie May" sung by The Vipers

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSn1r9--tq4 P. D. arr. Lennon - McCartney - Harrison - Starkey AB Cover Released 1970 on album Let It Be

Ian MacDonald

introduced paul to john and fronted a group that the beatles opened for when they went to Germany (Hamburg)

George Martin

producer, the head of Parlophone Records, wanted a rock group that would appeal to teens The Beatles' producer, arranger and mentor, who signed them to EMI and worked on the vast majority of songs throughout their career recognized the group's humor which led to signing the group in May for a June recording session two weeks before they were to record again in sept, they told epstein to fire Pete Best and replace him with Ringo structure and tempo of "Please Please Me" got Martin's attention classical background in many ways birthed the beatles (thru their records) Martin made them re-record Love Me Do with session drummer Andy White. it reached number 17 in the charts Martin acted as the band's arranger, and he played piano on a number of songs from the release of the Please Please Me album He suggested adding a string quartet to 'Yesterday', and scored other songs including 'Eleanor Rigby' and 'Penny Lane' splicing together of two takes, recorded in different keys and tempi, of 'Strawberry Fields Forever', the circus noises on 'Being For The Benefit Of Mr Kite!', and the realisation of the orchestral climaxes during 'A Day In The Life'.

BBC's Pop Go the Beatles

radio series, may thru sep, played their hits, became their home country's darlings Please please me pg60 (what goes on) She Loves You pg64 (what goes on) 4th single, cemented their domination over all other british acts and all time best selling record in the UK until 1977, number 1 for four weeks beginning sept 14

With The Beatles

released nov 22 1963

"Please, Please Me"

single Released 1963 turned Beatles into headliners on a Roy Orbison package tour https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czw8eqepir8 Lennon wrote it AABA

Beatlemania

uk / soviet sex scandal - assassination of kennedy - these politcal hangovers led to america more open to beatlmania - baby boomers m- birth control- feminism

Geoff Emerick

worked with The Beatles between 1966 and 1969 He went on to receive Grammy awards for his work on Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band and Abbey Road. Geoff Emerick became unhappy with the often tense atmospheres during the sessions for the White Album in 1968. He quit working with The Beatles on 16 July, while the group were recording 'Cry Baby Cry'.

"Raunchy" played by Bill Justis

Anthology 1 1995 Landed George's spot

The Cavern (liverpool)

Brian Epstein came to hear them after noticing mega-interest in "My Bonnie" the Beatles established themselves as the resident band here between 1962 and 1963 bade farewell Aug 3 1963 Played 500 shows here Paul McCartney went to Liverpool Institute

The Kaiserkeller

Bruno Koschmider owned this club down the street from the Indra

The 2 I's

Bruno got in touch with Tony Sheridan here and brought Tony's group, The Jets, to Hamburg Bruno and Allen met here as well and Allen got gigs for one of his other bands and the Beatles In Hamburg The 2 I's put Allen and Bruno in touch

Buddy Holly

Buddy Holly and the Crickets became popular in 1957 and inspired the idea of a band with guitar, bass, and drums

Musical Style: what were their influences? Why maybe did the Beatles initially prefer some forms over others?

Buddy Holly and the Crickets became popular in 1957 and inspired the idea of a band with guitar, bass, and drums Elvis Presley -Heartbreak Hotel heard by John, Paul, and George and inspired some of their first music

Roll Over Beethoven - Chuck Berry

Chuck Berry 12-bar blues https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hz5jXwOXgKQ Harrison sang Second British LP "With The Beatles" released 1963

"I Want to Hold Your Hand"

End of beatles using two track recording Lennon-McCartney Beatles' first US number one, and kick-started the British Invasion of America First song to use four-track technology Released as single 1963

Generation Gap

Exaltation of teen culture Starts in the 50s and blossoms in the 60s with the beatles

Andy White

First album they called him in to play drums On "Love Me Do" he added a weird drum beat on the bridge Ringo did not do the weird drum beat and song sounded significantly better Recording technician substitute drummer for Pete Best

Ethnicity

Rationing wasn't lifted until end of WWII, no importing American instruments -> meant young players dealt with poorly made imports from continental Europe

"From Me to You"

Released April 1963 as third single McCartney-Lennon https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-XTB3bCYMK0 comprises five verses and two bridges. The form is Intro V V B V V B V Coda

Elvis Presley

Rockabilly made Presley a first generation rocker

Sexuality

Strict codes that repressed public expression of sexuality in the 60s "Please please me" breaks this bound conveying the desire that accompanies young physical intimacy McCartney shows an unhinged, wholesome personality

"Do You Want to Know a Secret"

AABA Lennon-McCartney Available on Please Please Me Lennon based the song on "Wishing Well" (disney) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uRQ7ecvU56k

"I Saw Her Standing There"

AABACBA with solo and partial reprise Written with John Lennon in Paul McCartney's in Liverpool was the opening track on The Beatles' debut album Please Please Me. Recorded: 11 February 1963 Producer: George Martin Released: 22 March 1963 (UK), 26 December 1963 (US)

Song Forms: how might the influences on the Beatles have shaped the form their songs took? What forms did they prefer? What influences were they exposed to?

1. AABA (SRDC) Standard form of American popular music A=Verse B=Bridge 2. Simple verse form 3.Verse/Chorus 4. 12 Bar Blues a. blues 12 bars of harmonic progression that loops b.Used a lot of 12 bar blues because George's dad brought back a lot of records and was exposed to it and exposed the other members c. Form of the piece what the whole group does as well as the bass driving the harmonic progression d. Loops same 12 bars of harmonic progression (driven by bass) in a song Example C Major I=CEG IV=FAC V=GBD 5. Back Beat anticipates the down beat 6. Skiffle Rock acoustic, result of lack of guitars, based on folk songs/jazz, groups were doing acoustic versions of rock n roll, harrison, mccartney, lennon discovered name beatles then skiffle fazed out and became rock n roll, 1959 paul was the drummer, not happy because he had a good voice Quarrymen were original "Beatles" skiffle group managed by Nigel Whalley and were comprised of John Lennon's group of friends (John, Paul, and George all in Quarrymen by 1958) Lonnie Doregah and his Skiffle group inspired the Beatles to get into intense musical activity British phenomenon American folk + Blues Early rock and roll influences Some R&B influences Guitar group Early rhythm in drums No drum kit 6. Base line Simplified what the bass does in a song Generally a bass is a rhythmic component as well as harmonic Rhythmic + harmonic, 12 measures, loops. I-IV-V-I 7. R&B Tin Pan Alley where R&B and country split happened 8. American Folk beatles listened to when growing up Stripped down/ simple american music Usually has roots in slave and plantation songs

First recording

1958 "Thatll be the day" and "in spite of all the danger"

Allan Williams and jacaranda club

1959 played in jacaranda club (alan williams started the club) club williams joined with Parnes to promote a show may 3 1960 w/Eddie Cochran and Gene Vincent headlining with local opening groups

Brian Epstein

1961 manager of family-owned record shop (North End Music Stores) came from a well-to-do Jewish family and was running NEMS business in late October, a teen asked for the Beatles' "My Bonnie" which led to Epstein locating the Beatles at the cavern(Nov 9) then asked to be their manager, changed their dress from leather to suits, chose their haircuts, and cleaned up the Hamburg act epstein's promotion brought Beatles to the cusp of national attention by end of 1962 got them to audition for Decca jan 1 1962 Dick Rowe turned them down The Beatles recorded 15 songs altogether at decca Three of the songs - Like Dreamers Do, Hello Little Girl and Love Of The Loved - were Lennon-McCartney originals. Jim Foy was impressed with the recordings. He contacted Sid Coleman, of music publishers Ardmore & Beechwood (a subsidiary of EMI) Coleman arranged a meeting between The Beatles' manager and George Martin, the A&R head at Parlophone. Upon hearing the Decca recordings, Martin was sufficiently interested to offer The Beatles an audition at Abbey Road. Epstein eventually secured an audition at EMI's Abbey Road studios, where George Martin decided to sign them. Contributes of Epstein Gave them an image: Cleaned them up. Bought them suits and threw out the leather jackets Brought professionalism Gave them exposure, especially BBC radio, beginning in march 1962 His goal was to secure a record contract Owning the largest record north's largest record stores he could use that as leverage when calling on people in the music industry arranged to release "My Bonnie" in UK scheduled publicity photos successful at learning local music trends

Technology

2 track shellac v good vinyl Instruments Czech guitars to new American guitars Got new instruments post Germany Hofner club 40 bass Transition to electric guitars Did not have VOX amps until Ken Brown (had an amplifier with three inputs)

Technology and Related: Why was technology important to the early career of the Beatles? How did it help them? Hinder? How could it have acted as a barrier to their success? What other factors may have affected this?

2 track shellac-v-good vinyl ect Instruments Czech guitars to new American guitars Got new instruments post Germany Hofner Club 40 bass Transition to electric guitars Did not have VOX amps DECCA Recording label Turned down the beatles after recording 15 songs because "guitar groups are on the way out"- Dick Rowe (head of A&R at DECCA) EMI Recording label

"There's a Place"

AABA Lennon-McCarteny Available on Please Please Me The first song to be recorded at the 11 February 1963 session for the Please Please Me https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vTsbYbN8VVI loosely upon the song Somewhere from the West Side Story

The Casbah

Mona Best started casbah club george harrison painted the basement George, John, and Paul booked as opening act where John brought a Hofner Club 40 electric guitar Here the Beatles were introduced to drugs (John Lennon used "uppers" a lot to keep alert Played here before tour After coming back from Hamburg their first show was at Mona Best's Casbah Coffee Club, a venue they hadn't played at since the Quarrymen days, recruited Chas Newby, formerly the rhythm guitarist with The Blackjacks, to play bass. borrowed equipment from the other act that was booked to play that night, After their returned from germany Beatlemania in Britain began to get underway as they began to grow more popular

The Indra

One of the men clubs in Germany Owned by Bruno Koschmider Played here for 7 week (273 nights and 800 hours) until bruno moved them to Kaiserkeller Bruno Koschmider had them play 4 ½ hours mon-fri and 6 hours on sat-sun. 1960 reverted back to a strip club

"Please Mr. Postman"

Originally performed by: The Marvelettes (61') Written by: Brian Holland, Freddie Gorman, Georgia Dobbins, Robert Bateman, William Garrett Album: With the Beatles Released: 22 Nov 1963 Verse/Refrain, ABBABA

Mona Best

Owned the Casbah Pete Bests mother

Hamburg (tour)

Played in casbah before tour 1959 the Beatles spent 5 months playing in Hamburg where they learned to: Communicate with the audience Become and integrated unit Learned from playing alongside/nearby a broad range of international bands John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, Stuart Sutcliffe and Pete Best, along with manager Allan Williams, his wife Beryl, her brother Barry Chang and friend Lord Woodbine went from Liverpool to Hamburg, Germany. They were expected to perform for four and a half hours each weekday night and 6 hours each day on the weekend for 7 weeks Played for a rough crowd in a bar called the "Indra Club" Slept across the street in a room behind the theatre (terrible conditions with no water, electricity, or heat) After becoming popular and bringing in larger crowds the owner, Bruno, moves them to Kaiserkeller down the street Played at kaiserkeller for 6 weeks Alternated sets with Rory Storm and the Hurricanes Ringo played the drums for the other band John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr recorded music together a version of the George Gershwin classic Summertime. Stuart Sutcliffe was present at the recording but didn't play. their drummer at the time, Pete Best, was not present Got offered to play at the Top Ten club their contract to perform at his Kaiserkeller club was being terminated by owner Bruno Koschmider and they went to the Top Ten Club George Harrison was 17 and too young to be working in the club and Bruno had him deported from Germany Not to long after Bruno had Paul and Pete deported John left germany following Paul and Petes deportation For several days Harrison, McCartney and Best remained unaware that Lennon had returned to Liverpool Sutcliffe's continued stay in Hamburg and joined the group when he came back second hamburg tour: they were recruited by independent producer Bert Kaempfert to back Tony Sheridan Tony Sheridan was important during the Hamburg experience, was a good guitarist/producer and gave the Beatles advice during this time During the second time going, they shared the stage with Tony Sheridan. Bert Kaempfert, a musician and producer, liked the match and arranged for them to make a recording The Beatles and Sheridan recorded four songs over two consecutive days: 'My Bonnie', 'The Saints', 'Why', 'Cry For A Shadow'. Lennon-harrison original The musicians were John Lennon on rhythm guitar, George Harrison on lead guitar, Paul McCartney on bass and Pete Best on drums. June 1961 Lennon, McCartney, Harrison and Best recorded their first tracks as professionals in Hamburg, Germany