Before Getting Underway

If you could weigh that displaced water

You would find it equals the weight of the boat that weight is the boat displacement

Serious accidents also can occur when fueling a personal watercraft (PWC). Spilled or leaked fuel can ignite and explode, especially in an enclosed space. PWC operators should pay particular attention to these fueling guidelines.Which are?

After fueling, open the engine compartment before starting the engine and sniff to check for gas fumes. Check the entire fuel system for leaks and inspect fuel system connections frequently. Engine vibrations and the pounding from operating on rough water can loosen connections. Avoid fuel spills when fueling in or near the water. Do not tip the PWC in order to fill it all the way up. The tank is designed to leave space for the fuel to expand. If the tank is overfilled, the fuel may expand and spill into the water. After fueling, open the door of the engine compartment and sniff to check for any evidence of gas fumes. Do this before starting the engine. If you do smell gas fumes, determine the source and make repairs immediately.

Advantages of Multi-Hull

Another example of a displacement hull,the multi has greater stability because of its wider beam9T

Plowing Mode

As speed increases,a planing hull will have a raised bow,reducing the operator's visions and throwing a vary large wake. Avoiding maintaining a speed that puts your boat in plowing mode

Inboards

Automotive engines adapted to operate in marine environments Mounted inside the hulls midsection or in from of the transom Four stroke automotive engine adapted for marine use

For shorter daytime outings on the water, at a minimum you should:

Contact a responsible person before you go out and tell him or her where you will be boating and when you plan to return. Give your contact the phone number for local authorities in case you fail to return when expected. Contact this person again when you return or if you decide to extend your time out on the water.

Steering (stern drives)

Controlled by the outdrive which swivels like an outboard engines to direct propeller thrust

A growing # of outboard engines are of four-stroke design,but many are still...

Conventional two-stroke engines that burn oil as a lubricant along with the fuel

Draft

Depth of water needed to float the vessel

For extended outings on the water, leave a float plan with a relative or friend, or at least a local marina. You should leave a float plan that:

Describes the vessel, including its registration number, length, make, horsepower, and engine type. Includes the description and license plate of the tow vehicle and trailer. Gives the number of passengers, their names and addresses, and a contact in case of emergency. States where you are going, the detailed route, your planned departure time, and your expected return time. Include the location of all stopping points, dates, and times. Gives the phone number for local authorities in case you fail to return when expected. If boating on waters under U.S. Coast Guard jurisdiction, give the phone number of the U.S. Coast Guard.

Steering nozzle

Device used for directing the stream of water to the left or right at the stern of the PWC, which steers the PWC

A vessels length overall...

Dicates the equipment the vessel must have to comply with federal and state laws

New Technology two stroke outboards

Direct injection engines that burn over 75% cleaner than conventional two-stroke outboards

Freeboard

Distance from water to lowest point of a boat where water could come on board

What acts as planing hulls

Flat Bottomed and vee-bottomed hull shapes

Many PWCS

Have two stroke inboard engines that burn oil as a lubricant along with the fuel

It is a violation to exceed capacity

In many states

Bilge

Interior of the hull below the floorboards; lowest part of a vessel's interior where the sides of the vessel curve in to form the bottom

The Engine(stern drives)

Is attached through the transom to a drive unit(also caled an "outdrive") that is essentially the lower unit of an outboard Turns a drive shaft that is attrached to a propeller at the other end

Maximum weight

Is the combined weight of passengers, gear, and motors.

Serious accidents can occur when fueling. Never fuel at night unless

It is an emergency

Stern drives

Known as inboard/outboards because they combine features found on both Four Stroke automotive engines adapted for marine use and are mounted inside the boat quieter and more fuel efficent engines

Displacement hulls (definition)

Move through the water by pushing the water aside and are designed to cut through the water with very little propulsion

Disadvantages of Multi-Hull

Needs a large area when turning

The Engine(Inboards)

Turns a driveshaft that runs through the bottom of the hull and is attached to a propeller at the other end

Boats with planning hulls

--Designed to rise up and glide on top of the water when enough power is supplied --May operate like displacement hulls when at rest or slow speeds but climb towards the surface of the water as they move faster --Can skim along at high speed,riding almost on top of the water rather than pushing it aside

Facts about displacement hulls

-Boats like this have slower speeds -Lower boat into water,some of the water moves out of the way to adjust for the boat

Class 1

16 feet to less than 26 feet

Class 2

26 feet to less than 40 feet

Class 3

40 feet to less than 65 feet

Displacement Mode

A planning hull,when operated at very slow speeds,will cut through the water like a displacement hull

Displacement hulls acts as

A round bottom hull shape

Personal watercraft (definition)

A small vessel that uses an inboard jet drive as its primary source of propulsion and is designed to be operated by a person or persons sitting,stand or kneeling on the vessel rather than inside the vessel

You should not exceed either

The stated maximum weight capacity or the maximum number of people.

Hull

Body of the boat ;basic structure or shell

Parts of boat not included in the measurement are

Bowsprits;rudders;outboard motors and motor brackets;handles;and other fittings,attachments and extensions

If you must refuel after dark, use only

Electric lights

Steering(Inboards)

Expect PWCs and jet drive boats,is controlled by a rudder behind the propeller

These fumes settle to the bottom of the boat where they could

Explode if enclosed areas, are not ventilated properly to remove fumes.

To protect the water environment, try to refuel away

From the water or on a commercial fueling ramp.

Bow

Front of the vessel

Disadvantages of Round Bottom Hull

Has a tendency to roll unless it has a deep keel or stabilizers

Port

Left side of the boat

Length overall

Length of the hull excluding any attachments

Class A

Less than 16 feet

Although federal law requires capacity plates only on boats

Less than 20 feet in length

The National Marine Manufacturers Association (NMMA) requires a capacity plate on all boats

Less than 26 feet in order to be certified by NMMA.

Tiller

Lever used to turn rudder to steer a boat;used to steer outboard boats

Sheets

Lines (ropes) used to control the angle of the sails to the wind

halyards

Lines (ropes) used to raise and lower the sails

The rigging includes

Lines (sheets and halyards), mainsail, headsail (jib), boom, and mast.

Keel

Main centerline(backbone)of a vessel of the extension of hull that increases stability in the water

Beam

Maximum width of a vessel

Cleat

Metal fitting on which a rope can be fastened

What vehicles have displacement hulls and why?

Most large cruisers and most sailboats, allowing them to travel more smoothly through the water

What vehicles have planing hulls and what does it allow them to do

Most small power driven vessels,some sailboats, to travel more rapidly across the water

Make sure you have enough fuel before casting off. Operating at two-thirds throttle instead of full throttle will conserve fuel. The following rule will help prevent running out of fuel:

One-third to get out One-third to get back One-third in reserve for emergencies

Intake

Opening in the hull that draws water toward the impeller

Always follow the recommended capacity found in the

Owner's manual and on the manufacturer's warning decal

Outboard

Portable,self-contained,package of an engine,gear case,and propeller that is attached to the transom of a boat

After fueling:

Put the fill cap on tightly to prevent vapors from escaping. Wipe up any spilled fuel and properly dispose of the used paper towels or rags on shore. Open all windows, ports, doors, and other openings. If your boat is equipped with a power ventilation system (exhaust blower), turn it on for at least four minutes before starting your engine. This will help eliminate fuel vapors in the bilge. Before starting the engine, sniff the bilge and engine compartment for fuel vapors. Continue ventilating until you cannot smell any fuel vapors. Consider installing a gas vapor detection and alarm device. Start the engine and then reload your passengers.

Stern

Rear of the boat

Disadvantages of Flat-Bottom Hull

Rides roughly in choppy waters

Starboard

Right side of the boat

Propeller

Rotates and powers a boat forward or backward

Intake grate

Screening cover over the intake, which prevents large debris from entering

Length Classes

Some states refer to lengths as "classes" U.S. Coast Guard no longer uses these designations to indicate length

The rudder is used to

Steer the sailboat, turned by a tiller or steering wheel.

Rudder

Steering device,usually a vertical blade attached to a post at,or near,the stern of the boat

Length overall is measured from...

The tip of the bow in a straight line to the stern of the vessel

Disadvantages of Deep Vee Hull

Takes more power to move at the same speed as flat bottom hulls. May roll or bank in sharp turns

Before going out on a boat or PWC, it is always a good idea to

Tell someone where you are going and ask them to take action if you fail to return on time.

Evaporating gasoline creates vapors or fumes that are heavier

Than air

Drive shaft

The long stem connection between the motor and the impeller

The capacity plate indicates

The maximum weight capacity and/or the maximum number of people that the boat can carry safely in good weather

On outboard boats, the capacity plate also will display

The recommended maximum horsepower rating of the boat

Advantages of Deep Vee Hull

This planing hull gives a smoother ride than a flat bottom hull in rough water

Advantages of Flat Bottom Hull

This planing hull has a shallow draft,which is good for fishing in small lakes and rivers

Advantages of Round Bottom Hull

This typical displacement hull moves easily through the water even at slow speeds

However, PWC and sailboat manufacturers are not required to attach a capacity plate

To attach a capacity plate

Swamp

To fill with water

Federal law requires single-hull boats less than 20 feet in length to have a capacity plate.

To have a capacity plate.

The keel or centerboard is attached

To the bottom of the hull and keeps the boat from sliding sideways through the water.

Capsize

To turn on the side or turn completely over

Gunwale

Upper side of vessels side(gunnel)

Jet Drives

Use an engine to power a strong water pump,which sucks up water and then forces the water out the back to thrust the boat forward Propel a vessel by forcing a jet of water out the back of the vessel Directing this jet of water steers the vessel

Transom

Vertical surface at back of the hull

Planing Mode

Your boat is in planing mode when enough power is applied so that the hull glides on top of the water different boats reach planing mode at different speeds