Behavior Final pt. 2

An optimum number of overlearning opportunities is approximately _____% of the number of trials required for acquisition of the behavior. 50%, 33%, 10%, 25%.

50%

Continuous reinforcement schedules are most useful during which phase of learning? Maintenance, fluency, acquisition, generalization.

Acquisition

A punisher is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: Administered immediately following the inappropriate behavior, decrease in the future rate or probability of occurrence of the behavior, administered immediately following the appropriate behavior, administered contingently on the production of the inappropriate behavior.

Administered immediately following the appropriate behavior.

The single subject design which allows comparison of more than one treatment or intervention is the: Changing criterion, alternating treatment, multiple baseline, reversal.

Alternating treatment

An antecedent stimulus is: Both answers, neither answer, and event occurring before the behavior is performed, an event occurring after the behavior is performed.

An event occurring before the behavior is performed.

__________ produces a written description of nearly everything that occurred in a specific time period or setting. Permanent product recording, latency recording, anecdotal reports, event recording.

Anecdotal reports

The stimuli that occasion or signal the opportunity to perform a behavior are known as: Behaviors, antecedents, preceding variables, consequences.

Antecedents

When using time sampling the teacher notes occurrence or nonoccurrence of the behavior: Any of the above, any time during the interval, at the end of the interval, each time the behavior occurs within the interval.

At the end of the interval

Michael counts on his fingers in order to answer arithmetic computation problems. The teacher wants to wean him off this crutch. She gives him, consecutively, various assistance strategies of lessening the concrete nature of his prompt. The most appropriate design for this example is: AB, changing criterion, changing conditions, reversal.

Changing conditions

Mr. Mason is working with Jacy to increase the number of pizza boxes she folds during her first thirty minutes at the pizza shop during her vocational instruction. She currently folds an average of 15 boxes during a 30-minute period. Mr. Mason would like to increase this number to 100. What would be the most appropriate research design to use? Multiple baseline, changing criterion, changing conditions, reversal

Changing criterion

The _______________ design evaluates the effectiveness of an independent variable by demonstrating that a behavior can be incrementally increased or decreased toward a terminal performance goal. Changing condition, multiple baseline, changing criterion, alternating treatment.

Changing criterion

The experimental design which would be most appropriate for systematically increasing the number of workbook pages completed by a student is: Changing criterion, alternating treatment, AB design, changing condition.

Changing criterion

A behavioral objective should be written such that its contents are: clear, observable, measurable, all of the above.

Clear, Observable and Measurable

To determine the most effective intervention for a behavior, it is necessary to analyze: Behaviors and consequences, Consequences and antecedents, Antecedents and behaviors, antecedents only.

Consequences and Antecedents

The schedule of reinforcement having a one-to-one ratio is: Intermittent, continuous, interval, variable.

Continuous

Which component is missing from the following objective? "When presented with a textbook and the verbal directive to read a specific page, Allison will open her book and begin reading." Target behavior, conditions under which the behavior is to be displayed, learner, criteria for acceptable performance.

Criteria for acceptable performance

Which component is missing from the following objective? "Jason will fill the ice cube tray independently." Target behavior, criteria for acceptable performance, condition, learner.

Criteria for acceptable performance.

Mrs. Jones has repeatedly attempted to reduce Jonathon's behavior of rushing through his daily worksheets. His behavior results in increased errors as well as illegible handwriting on his worksheets. Mrs. Jones decided to reinforce Jonathon every time he turns in a neatly printed worksheet. Which of the following procedures has Mrs. Jones employed? DRO, DRL, positive reinforcement, extinction.

DRO

Every time Andres raises his hand, he receives one point. "Raising his hand" is considered the: Controlled variable, dependent variable, independent variable, confounding variable.

Dependent variable

Reinforcing on-task behavior to decrease off-task behavior is an example of: Differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors, non contingent reinforcement, differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior, differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors.

Differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors.

On average, students in science Group A ask for assistance 8-12 times per 20-minute period. The teacher wants to decrease this behavior. She tells the group that if they are able to complete their 20-minute lab assignment with no more than three requests for assistance, they will receive 5 bonus points for their work. This is an example of: Differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors, non contingent reinforcement, differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior, differential reinforcement of other behaviors.

Differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior.

During a functional analysis condition a student is presented with a difficult task and begins to scream. The teacher quickly removes the task and the student stops screaming. Which of the following might be the function of his behavior? Pain attenuation, attention, self stimulation, escape.

Escape

When a previously reinforced behavior is no longer reinforced and its rate of occurrence decreases, what behavioral principle is being used? Positive reinforcement, punishment, positive punishment, extinction.

Extinction

For every third response correct, Scott received reinforcement. What schedule of reinforcement was Scott on? FR3, VI3, FI3, VR3.

FR3

Mike's job coach was concerned with his production on the job site. Mike had mastered the assembly skills but was having difficulty keeping up with the competitive job production of his coworkers. Mike's job coach should work on which of the following? Generalization, maintenance, fluency, acquisition.

Fluency

Duration data are collected: From the time the teacher gives a performance direction until the student begins to perform the response, none of the above, from the time the student begins the response until he or she completes the response, from the time the teacher gives a performance direction until the student completes the response.

From the time the student begins the response until he or she completes the response.

The primary purpose of scatter plot assessment is to: Present date in an easily readable format, identify time related patterns of behavior, specifically identify potential controlling variables, determine the cause of behaviors that occur in bursts.

Identify time related patterns of behavior

At the initiation of an extinction procedure one should expect the behavior will: Remain stable, disappear, decrease, increase.

Increase

Which of the following terms is NOT associated with positive reinforcement? Decreases, presentation, increases, punishment.

Increases

Mrs. Golden wanted to collect baseline data on how often Lauren speaks to her neighbor during silent reading. She divided the 15 minutes into equal 30-second intervals and made a notation of Lauren's talking during each. The method of data collection she used was: Event recording, interval recording, time sampling, permanent product recording.

Interval recording

During the third grade, John learned his multiplication facts. Upon returning to school after the summer break, his fourth grade teacher tested his ability to recite his multiplication facts. John's fourth grade teacher was assessing which skill level? Acquisition, maintenance, generalization, fluency.

Maintenance

A teacher measured Jane's out of seat behavior during reading, music, and math periods. The appropriate design for use in this instance was: Reversal, multiple baseline, alternating treatments, changing criterion.

Multiple baseline

When two or more behaviors associated with one student in a single setting are examined, what design is being used? alternating treatment, multiple baseline across students, multiple baseline across settings, multiple baseline across behaviors.

Multiple baseline across behaviors

Which of the following is NOT considered a secondary reinforcer? A gold star, verbal praise, music, paycheck.

Music

A relationship among events in which the rate of a behavior's occurrence increases when some environmental condition is removed is: reinforcement, positive reinforcement, differential reinforcement, negative reinforcement.

Negative Reinforcement

When students escape from a task or environment by performing an inappropriate behavior, that behavior is likely to be maintained by: Negative reinforcement, punishment, positive reinforcement, extinction.

Negative reinforcement

Jessie is learning traffic signs in driver's education. His teacher holds up the sign and immediately records if Jessie names it correctly. This type of data collection is known as: Permanent product recording, interval recording, time sampling recording, latency recording.

Permanent product recording

John was scheduled to take a spelling test each Friday. His mother told him if he received 90% correct or better for three out of four spelling test he would get to buy a new video game. His mother was employing which of the following behavioral techniques? Shaping, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment.

Positive Reinforcement

When a pleasant consequence to a behavior results in an increase in the behavior's rate of occurrence, what behavioral principle is being used? Positive reinforcement, punishment, stimulus control, negative reinforcement.

Positive Reinforcement

When parents or teachers react to inappropriate behavior by offering a student various items or activities until the inappropriate behavior stops, they risk maintaining the inappropriate behavior with: Punishment, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction.

Positive reinforcement

Which of the following is not considered a function of behavior? Pain attenuation, escape, positive reinforcement, gain attention.

Positive reinforcement

An event is described as ________ if the rate of occurrence of a preceding behavior decreases. Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, shaping, punishment.

Punishment

Which of the following is not an example of an escape maintained behavior? Running out of the room, distracting the teacher, rocking back and forth, asking for a break.

Rocking back and forth

Which of the following is usually not a way students try to gain attention? Inappropriate behaviors, nonverbal communicative behavior, running away, verbal language.

Running away

Ms. Sims was having difficulty getting Tia to sit during morning circle. She decided that she would reinforce Tia's attempts to sit during circle time. She began by reinforcing Tia when she was standing next to her chair, then when she had one knee on her chair. She continued this process until Tia remained seated during morning circle time. Ms. Sims employed which the following behavioral techniques? Negative reinforcement, shaping, modeling, positive reinforcement.

Shaping

Primary reinforcers include all of the following EXCEPT: Juice, stickers, raisins, cookies.

Stickers

The behavior principle that describes a relationship between behavior and an antecedent stimulus rather than behavior and its consequences are known as: The law of effect, stimulus control, respondent conditioning, principle of parsimony.

Stimulus Control

To the behaviorist, punishment occurs only when: both answers, the preceding behavior decreases, the preceding behavior increases, neither answer.

The preceding behavior decreases.

Mr. Garcia checked at five-minute intervals to see if Jane was playing appropriately in a small group. He was using: Interval recording, baseline recording, time sampling, event recording.

Time sampling

What is the major purpose of applied behavior analysis? To provide a process of systematically applying specific principles to change behaviors, both answers, to provide a systematic means of determining whether changes in behavior may be attributed to the application of behavioral principles.

To provide a process of systematically applying specific principles to change behaviors. And to provide a systematic means of determining whether changes in behavior may be attributed to the application of behavioral principles.

Which of the following is not an appropriate target behavior for an objective? Understand the value of coins, independently operate the microwave, point to the correct answer, increase hand raising by 30%.

Understand the value of coins.

Paige is learning her multiplication facts. During instruction her teacher reinforces an average of every third correct response. Paige is on a ________ schedule of reinforcement. VR3, FR3, VI3, FI3.

VR3

Generalization is the performance of a skill in an untrained situation. Generalization should occur across: various settings, various materials, all of the above, various instructions and instructors.

Various settings, various materials, and various instructions and instructors

Criteria for acceptable performance include statements addressing duration. Which of the following is an acceptable duration statement? Will jump 15 times, will begin within 2 minutes, will return within 15 minutes, will work for one hour.

Will work for one hour