bHistory of Popular Music
Jefferson Airplane
-Jefferson formed in San Francisco in 1965 -one of the most successful banks -moved from folk-rock to harder -???
THE RHYTHM SECTION LAYS DOWN THE FOUNDATION OF THE SONG: DRUM SET
-SETS THE TEMPO (HOW FAST THE BEAT IT) - CAN INCLUDE BASS DRUM, SNARE DRUM, TOM-TOMS, HIGH-HAT (CYMBALS), RIDE CYMBAL -SELECTION OF DRUMS CAN ESTABLISH THE FEEL OF THE SONG
1910'S
-WORLD WAR ON -first great migration
Elvis Presley
-born 55 in january, died august 16 77 -one of the first rock and roll stars, influenced by county, gospel, and rhythm and blues music -first recorded at sun studios in 54, then accepted major deal ???
The Everly Brothers
-came from country music background: recorded in Nashville - first fit Bye bye love in 57 -songs show influences of both country and rhythm and blues and have lyrics and address teenage love -the most distinctive features of the brothers sound their close harmony and straight tone singing in the high end of their vocal ranges
hard rock
-closer to blues and folk-rock -ballads as well as rock songs -often acoustic, used synthesizers - sang about love and relationships -women performers successful
elmore james
-delta blues backround traveled with robert johnson
Def Leppard
-double lead guitar -lyrics not as dark -riffs as intros only -1983 Pyromania -drummer lost arm continued with band *1987 Hysteria # 1 in US and UK: 7 hit singles *pour some sugar on me -toured, recorded in 90s/2000s
beggers Banquet
-jumpin jack flash released as single 1968 -released 1968 -delayed because of controversy over cover
bass riffs
-melody in bass, used as the central element of song -also used parallel lead and bass guitar lines -example: sunshine of your love (cream)
Hound Dog
-orginally recorded by big mama thornton; lyrics changed an dcompletely changed the meaning of the song -bit mama thornton is talking about a man coming around asking for sex, Elvis is comparing??
Guitar
-six strings -shorter neck -thinner strings -higher sound than the bass guitar
rolling stones vs beatles
-stones took much longer than the beatles to achieve
The First Great Migration
-train line connected the south to the north -many African Americans moved north, especially to large cities like Chicago -looking for work oppourtunities -->?? ??
Janice Joplin
1943-1970 - influence of early women blues singers, like Bessie smith and big mamma Thornton -dramatic, throaty singing , brash persona -joined folk-blues group big brother and the holding company -big in psychedelic scene in SF -songs: down on me, piece of my heart 1968 formed kozmic blues band, incoporated more instruments like brass and saxophones, song, try (just a little bit harder) 1969 -1970 the full-tilt boogie band -hard living lifestyle alcohol heroin, other drugs -???
Movies Elvis Starred in
??
BRIAN EPSTEIN
Became manager Dec. 1961 • Changed their look • Got auditions for record labels • Fired Pete Best, brought in Ringo
ICONIC MOMENT IN MUCIS HISTORY
Bob Dylan Goes Electric Newport Folk Festival July 1965
1920
JAZZ AGE BLACK FRIDAY- STOCK MARKET CRASH 1929- GREAT DEPRESSION BEGINS -RADIO STARTS TO BE WIDELY USED
Elvis Presley the king of rock and roll
- blurred??
Jamaica
- ska - rock steady -reggae -discovered by Christopher Columbus in -
The british Invasion
after the beatles: british took back pop charts from american artists -more opportunities for British musicians, especially in the US British bands appeared on american charts -many modeled after either beatles or rolling stones -"british invasions': musically
1969 self titled album
suite: Judy blue eyes -Marrakesh Express -Helplessly Hoping
Benny Goodman Orchestra
swing bands, glen miller band, paul whiteman
OHIO
verse.. in powerpoint
MAINSTREAM POP
-
Chords vs the crew cuts
- "Sh-Boom" White groups covering, appropriating songs by African American groups African American group The Chords, 1954 • They wrote it and performed it • #2 on R&B charts, #5 on pop charts White Canadian group The Crew-Cuts, 1954 • Made changes to "whiten" the sound to make more appealing to white audience • Full swing band instead of smaller rhythm section/sax (instrumentation) • Sometimes groups would change lyrics - reached #1 on pop charts
desmond dekker and the aces
- "king of the bluebeat" - 007 (shanty town) British hit -film: the harder they come 1972 - Israelites- popular in UK and US
ozzy osbourne
- "wild madman" image - the Blizzard of Ozz band - publicity for offensive actions - "suicide solution" lawsuit - reality TV shows
Bill Haley
- 1954: Shake Rattle and Roll compare with big joe turner version -1953/55 : rock around the clock --international hit --teen anthem- blakcboard jungle moive --the first rock song to top charts -- bill haley was largely overlooked during his life
Alice cooper
- 1971 Detroit - theatrical, androgynous, " glam" image - unusual stage antics- snakes, horror movie effects - used riffs but not as main melodies - lyrics; subjects related to young fans * 1972 School's out -fuzztone
southern soul
- Atlantic records was main distributor of southern soul in 1960's - Atlantic partnered with Stax Records in Memphis - stylists differences with sweet soul - incorporates more of the emotional, energetic expression of gospel - some perceived is as truer to African American heritage
LSD Advocacy
- Mainstream advocates of LSD; Timothy Leary, Ken Kesey -Acids tests: organized events where people gathered to drop acid together. Multimedia environment to stimulate the drugs effects --large 3 day test in January 1966 in San Francisco; Drew thousands
Judas Priest
- added second lead guitarist -1974 rocka rolla debut album -really broke out in the 80s -victim of changes * "stop time" * woman/whiskey and alcoholism/woman analogies -1986 similar lawsuits over attempted suicides'- subliminal messages - still going- toured in 2018
soul and motown
- african american music more accepted by the early 1960's - so much crossover that Billboard stopped tracking R&B separately for a while - African American musicians had huge impact on pop charts in the 1960's -Reception of different styles- national attitudes toward races slowly changing
FOLK ROCK ALBUMS
- august 1965 highway 61 revisited (like a rolling stone) -June 1966 Blonde on Blonde ( rainy day women #2 & 35) -what does "stoned" mean? **getting criticized
Sam Cooke
- began career with the soul stirrers, the nations #1 gospel quartet -incorporated elements from gospel in many of his pop songs; vocal harmonies , complex rhythms and call and response - one of the first gospel singers to cross over with #1 pop hit " you send me" 1957 - known as the "king of soul" -smooth, powerful voice, good looks - many crossover hits - tragic mysterious death at age 33
Ray Charles
- blind from age 7, had to support himself as teen -grew up playing diverse musical genres, blended them in career - never actually had performed gospel music in church, still had amazing gospel style -often took religious songs and re-worked them
rolling stones
- brian jones- guitar, he put group together to perform american blues -mick jagger: singer/harmonica -ian stewert: piano then tour manager -bill syman: bass -charlie watts: drummer -mostly knew each other from blue scene
Deep Purple
- classical and blues influences; bass riff 1969 Concerto with Royal philharmonic Orchestra - 1972 Smoke on the Water; parallel guitar riff -highway star - used classical composition techniques
1980s and beyond
- during the 80s, rift within band bc
ska characteristics
- folk music with rhythm and blues -Cuban style brass and saxophone - hesitation beat - on the "off beats"
...
- insturments like cello and electro-theremin -very expensive to make - mosiaic of sections into on e - diverse "episodes" not a standard form - could be descrived as ABABCDBE - couterpoint- 3 distant melodies happening at the same time- like J.S. Bach - 6 singers in harmony, often double voices
Led Zepplin
- jimmy page (guitar) started from the Yardbirds -Robert plant (singer), john Bonham (drums), John Paul Jones (bass) -Many blues covers -one of most successful British 70s groups -examples- bass rifts -1969 Dazed and confused, long , slow descending bass line -1970 immigrant song: short, more rhythmic riff -techniques influenced other heavy metal bands -new guitar sounds like violin bow on guitar -Robert plant vocals: screeches and moans -sexual themes in lyrics -black dog -whole lotta love *willie Dixon ; you need love credit *Distorted guitar riff repeated *Theremin (beach boys) -lawsuits for songwriting credit -john Bonham died 1980 -LZ broke up - page: many projects -?? - Ramble on -Kashmir -D'yer mak'er -fool in the rain -when the levee breaks -going to CA
bob marley and the wailers
- leader of reggae - mainstream - i shot the sheriff - covered by Eric Clapton - stood against injustice and for peace: peace concert - one love, Jammin', No Women No cry
Stax records
- memphis-based sound - jerry wexler influential producer - studio band: Booker T. and the MGs - included organ, horns, funk bass - a "biting " guitar sound, very active bass line, parallel movement of trumpet and saxophones - memphis soul had a very consistant instrumental sound because of Booker T. and the MGS
Good Vibrations
- most successful song for the beach boys; fall 1966 -#6 on Rolling Sontes list of the 500 Greatest songs of all time -Right at the beginning of psychedelic rock- on the first songs - references to LSD? Electro- theremin sound
influences and covers
- much of early work was close covers of American soul and motown -soon put
Iron Butterfly
- one of first American groups -in-a-gadda-da-vida 1968 *strong descending bass line * electric organ main instrument; added distorted guitar -1969 easy rider- used in film
1950s overview
- simpler time, more innocent than other decades, with conservative values for middle class -economic increased following WW II -cold war colored US politics. Communist paranoia -race for technological superiority between US and the soviet union, both military and space race -supreme court rulings in favor civil fights for African Americans, integration, voting, still race problems - Americans spent more time in their cars, very equipped to the radio
Wilson Pickett
- songwriter and performer - raspy voice more suited to upbeat songs - recorded more than 50 songs that hit the R&B charts - " In the Midnight Hour" good example of Memphis Sound
Rock Steady
- style based on ska -incorporated Memphis soul elements like call and response -slower tempo -developed in reggae
James Brown
- supported family by dancing on street corner; influenced stage act - in gospel group as youth; they switch to non-religious gospel-style music - the famous flames - influenced funk musicians of 1070s - " say it loud. I'm Black and Proud" (1968) - many felt his music was uncompromising, not adjusted for crossover appeal
Psychedelic Characteristics
- surreal lyrics- references to drugs - extended improvisations (jams) -"exotic" instrument use like sitar -more use of keyboards - studio effects
Ska and Reggae influences
- the clash -the people ** message in a Bottle **every breath you take -Sting- solo career
soul
- the infections beat of R&B and the exuberance gospel -Heavy influence of gospel * shared characteristics * improvised melismas * dramatic vocal style * stress on backbeat * energetic horn or sex solos - soul singers often came from gospel groups - styles varied across country - sweet or southern - civil rights movement - awareness and protest
Rebels
- the movies showed young people rebelling against adults -black leather motorcycle jackets - no reason -1954: the wild one- Marlon Brando in a motorcycle gang -1955: rebel without a cause, James dean; legend that dies young in car crash - 1955: blackboard jungle: Rock around the clock played over the credits. This created the association of rock and roll with rebellion
Ska Revival
- the specials ** combined punk and ska **became dance craze **concrete jungle- social justice - spiderwebs- no doubt 1995
Reggae
- toots and the the maytals -the king of music - Selassie -modern amplified instruments - strong bass line -rhythm had different subdivisions -themes of social injustice and poverty
star spangled banner at woodstock
- virtuoso performance -makes statement about war and society with his effects -
Otis Redding
- vocal style ranged between crooning and aggressive sound - songwritter himself; wrote "respect" that Aretha Franklin made famous - " try a little tenderness" gospel-style melismas - " sittin on the dock of a bay" was biggest hit # 1 on both R&B and pop charts - died in plane crash before it was released age 26
Carl Perkins
- was a rockabilly singer and guitarist -original "blue suede shoes" sold more that million copies and was a hit on all three charts -Elvis later recorded it -car accident interrupted his promotion of the record and probably changed the course of his career
Dates of music instruments
-1900: Phonograph -1910-20s: radio, microphone -1930's: recording layering -1940's: television - 1950's: LP records 1970s/80s: Cassette Tapes -1990s CDs: Compact Discs -2000s: MP3 Players
MOTORCYCLE ACCIDENT
-1966 accident: laid up for more than a year recuperating -Retreat from the spotlight -Redefining himself -Recorded many songs with the Band -Country rock albums: 1968 John Wesley Harding, 1969 Nashville Skyline
Crosby, stills, Nash, and young
-1969: Neil Young joined to make it CSNY -Second performance was at Woodstock -1970: released album Deja vu *Cary On *Teach Your Children -Our House
1970s albums
-1971 sticky fingers 1972 exile on main street- folk, gospel, country, r&b -1973 goats head soup -1974 its only rock and roll rhythm and blues with british and american folk styles -
Laurel Canyon
-Area where musicians lived -Counterculture environment -near sunset strip -collaborative
Deejays
-BBC Documentary; big youth disk jockey -started with rock steady -dubbing- manipulate recording, drop instruments or vocals - toaster - the deejay, rhymic speaking -mobile speakers- reach poor areas
Eve Of Destruction
-Book example Eye of Destruction -sung by Barry McGuire -Specific references to current events -calling out hypocritical society
The Mamas and the Papas
-Both men and women in group -John and Michelle Phillips, Denny Doherty, Cass Elltiott -1966: California Dreamin was their biggest hit -other songs: Dedicated to the One I Love: Creeque Alley, Monday, Monday, I Saw Her Again, Go Where You Want To Go
The Lovin Spoonful
-Came from the Mug??
Crossby, Stills, and Nash
-David Crosby: the Byrds -Stephen Stills - Buffalo Springfield - Graham Nash - the Hollies -Formed supergroup CSN -all were songwriters; different styles..?
Buffalo Springfield
-Demonstration/riot on Sunset Strip about curfew -Stephen Stills inspired to write For What It's Worth -Became an anthem of the ?/
BASS
-Four strings -Longer neck -Thicker strings -lower sound than the electric guitar
Jerry Lee Lewis
-Great Balls of Fire -Jerry Lee Lewis was known for energetic performances at the piano -called "the killer" -he had hits that appeared on all three charts -his career stalled due to a scandal (married his 13 year old cousin Myra, before divorced from his second wife)
PITCH
-HOW HIGH OR LOW A TONE IS, WHAT NOTE IS IT -CHORDS ARE BUILT FROM MULTIPLE PITCHES PLAYED TOGETHER =CHORDS FORM WHAT KEY A PIECE IS IN
THE BYRDS
-Inspired by the Beatles, friends with them -Distinct sound: 12-string, close harmonies -Turn! Turn! Turn!-- Pete Seeger -eight miles high -Early psychedelia -Said it was about riding a plane -1968: Sweetheart of the Rodeo country album
May 4th, 1970
-Kent State University -Seveal days of protests -Student protestors vs. National Guard -National..? ??
RECOGNITION
-Latest album this year: Rough and Rowdy Ways -10 Grammys -Pulitzer prize 2008 -Presidential Medal of Freedom 2012 -Nobel Prize In Literature 2016
Free/ Band Company
-London pubs, blues musicians -All Right Now 1970 *intro riff, heavy distortion, strong backbeat -BC- started by members of Free -Incorporated synthesizers in late 70s *bad company 1974 -Fell like makin love 1975 -good lovin Gone bad 1975
Little Richard (R&B)
-Long Tall Salley -Known for his flamboyant, energetic stage performances -pianist and singer. - nine top 40 hits, inlcuding long tall sally, tutti frutti, good golly miss molly -went into the ministry
B.B. King
-Lyrical, sophisticated, expressive style influenced many others, including Eric Clapton, Jimmy Page, Jimi Hendrix -from Mississippi- delta blues heritage; also influenced by Texan T-bone Walker -Guitar and voice equally important roles -You can hear the development of his work, over time in his songs -famously called his guitar lucille
RHYTHM
-ORGANIZED PATTERN OF SOUND TIME -THE BEAT, THE STEADY, CONTINUOUS PULSE THAT DRIVES THE MUSIC -PATTERN OFTEN REPEAT
Black Sabbath
-Ozzy Osbourne, singer 1971 Paranoid *top ten hit in UK *pounding bass and drum each beat *bass riff patterns repeat *Fuzztone -moved away from dark image, popularity waned - Ozzy left 1978, personnel changes, went to start his own band called blizzard of oz - reunited at live aid in 1985 and 1997
PIANO AND KEYBOARDS
-PLAYS harmonic structure of the song - chords (two or more notes being played at the same time) -Fills in the chord from the single bass notes -Keyboards: Synthesizer, mellotron, organ e.g. RHYTHM GUITAR -Serves same function as keyboards -Plays harmonic structure of the song chords -Fills in the chord from the single bass notes -Can be electric or acoustic -Rhythm is the function, not the type of guitar
sunj selling elvis contract RCA
-Sam Phillips of Sun Records sold Elvis's contract to RCA in 55 -elvis??
HEART
-Sisters Ann Nancy Wilson -1975 Magic Man (book ex) *psychedelics' riffs * reached #9 -1976 Crazy on You Acoustic guitar intro -Barracuda 1976 -these dreams 1986 -Alone 1987
Stephen Stills
-Solo career, Manassas "Love the One You're With"
Stairway to Heaven
-Stairway to Heaven 1971 -1971 untitled album -incorporated Celtic folk traditions -like English renaissance music from 1500s recorder -three sections acoustic intro, add electric instruments, hard rock guitar solo - not released as single; now one of most popular
COLOR (OR TIMBRE)
-THE UNIQUE, DISTINCT QUALITY OF AN INSTRUMENT OR VOICE -CAN USE DESCRIPTIVE WORDS LIKE SMOOTH, GROWLING RICH, LIGHT
BASS
-UPRIGHT BASS OR ELECTRIC BASS -INDICATES THE CHORD PROGRESSIONS BY SKELETON OF THE SONG -UPRIGHT DOUBLE BASS SEEN IN ORCHESTRAS- BOWED TECHNIQUE -STAYS RIGHT IN STEP WITH THE DRUMS
Rural (delta) blues characteristics
-acoustic, not amplified -usually solo performer and guitar- no backing group, occasional harmonica -raw and rough intensity -usually 12 bar blues-- AAB lyrics -Technique: Slide Guitar- bottleneck,knife, metal tube
ABABCB
-adds a bridge to the verse chorus form -three distinct sections -A verse B- chorus C= bridge -- often an instrumental solo -song examples: high and dry, whats love got to do with it, hot n cold
The twist: Chubby Checker
-american bandstand was tv show devoted to teen pop, hosted by dick clark -much of the focus of american bandstand was on dancing, and it initiated a craze for named dances, such as the twist -the twist: people could dance by themselves -
Urban (Chigago) Blues
-amplification of instruments and voices -played in full bands -electric guitar-more effects and timbres -could perform in clubs and dance halls
Buddy Holly
-band called Crickets -similar to chuck berry; both were guitarists and songwriters with unique performance styles -had 7 top 40 hits before he died in 59 age 22 -he wrote songs that were made into classics by other artists - hits: oh, boy, Peggy sue, not fade away, maybe baby, its so easy, that'll be the day, words of love -holly was influential songwriter; covered by many artists in the 60s and 70s - music
Rastafarianism
-based on Judeo-Christian beliefs, bible -No specific leader or place of worship -use marijuana in prayer and rituals -messiah figure Haile Selassie, Emperor of the
British Heavy Metal
-bass riff often basic structural element *starts high, ends low *drops out during instrument solos -evil and death themes -anti-religious names, witchcraft symbols
terms in the book
-beats per minute in song examples in book= the tempo, or how fast the song is -pt. 1 = single released on two sides of a record. Pt. 1 the polished version and pt. 2 more raw -backbeat: emphasizing the offbeats like clapping on 2 and 4 instead of 1 and 3
The charts
-billboard magazine-charted the popularity of songs by week started tracking in 1940 -information used by record stores, record companies -tracked three different styles of music 1. country music (HILLBILLY) 2. rhythm and blues music (RACE RECORDS) 3. mainstream popular ALL THREE MOLD INTO ROCK AND ROLL
Chuck Berry (R&B)
-born oct 18 1926; died march 18 2017 -influenced by country, blues and rhythm and blue styles -made the guitar a central instrument of rock and roll with his electric guitar playing g -wrote music for a teenage audience -recorded first hits at chess records in 1955 -appeared with DJ Alan Freed in films Rock, Rock,Rock (1956) and Go, Johnny, Go (59) - one of the first rock and roll hall of fame inductees (86)
craw daddy
-club in rickmond (near london) -performing weekly -adre loog oldham became manager; ambitious and driven j -stones wanted to perfporm beyond london clubs -owner of club hired the yardbirds the the club
SAR Records
-cooke founded his own record label SAR records in 1959 - wrote songs for SAR artists and promoted new acts - the labels goals included providing high-quality production for black music and widening the audience for gospel artists - SAR released over 70 records by two dozen different artists from 1959-1964 -participated in the civil rights movement in the early 1960's
Chess records
-created in Chicage by two polish immigrant brothers -promotion and oppourtunities for african american performers -provided background musicians to make a band- urban blues -residant songs....?
Muddy Waters
-delta blues feel but didnt use standard structure --bottleneck guitar --relaxed meter -switched to eletric guitar, joined a band and went to the urban blues, which he was most famous for -had a hit song in 1848 called rollin stone- adapted as a band name -recorded at chess records in chicage
record deal
-dick rowe decca records (rejected beatles) saw george harrison *asked for recommendations * george said the rolling stones -oldham negotiated
Iron Maiden
-double lead guitar -death and destruction images - 1982 album the number of the beast -recorded and toured into 2000s -music used in video games
london blues scene
-early 1960s growing british electric blues revival scene in club -popularized by Alexis Korner and Cyril Davies, of blues incorporated -had a purist approach attempting to be as authentic as possible; faithful to original sound - musicians traded hard to find american blues records and recorded cover versions -korner and davies worked with many future stars in their blues ensembles, including rolling stones mick jagger, brian jones, and charlie watts
rise of the teenage culture
-first baby boom generation entering the teenage years -first time that teenagers had their own pop culture, there was not a big transition from childhood to adulthood -due to economy prosperity, teenagers have more money to spent -teens listened to rhythm and blues was an act of social rebellion -juvenile delinquency was a concern during the 1950s
all along the watchtower
-first top 20 hit in the US; his biggest pop hit -written and recorded by bob Dylan, 1968 -the Jimi Hendrix experience disbanded before Woodstock -Hendrix wanted to explore blues and experimental music -moved to New York but his electric Ladyland studio -died of drug overdose September 1970 at age 27
Steppenwolf
-formed 1967 -Canadian/German -1968 Born to Be Wild *uses phrase "heave metal" *easy rider soundtrack -Second album - Magic Carpet Ride
AC/DC
-formed 1973 in Australia by young brothers - "high voltage" heavy metal -themes of sex and violence -only used riffs in intros or endings -1980 album/song back in black - one of the biggest selling bands in US ever * highway to hell * you shook me all night long *thunderstorm- duck walk
The doors
-formed in los Angeles 1965 by poet/singer him morrrison (1943-1971) and ray manzarek, keyboard player -blues based psychedelic music , influenced by beat poetry -dark lyrics, overt references to sex and drugs - light my fire. #1 on charts. Long improvisations on organ and guitar
The grateful dead
-founded by Jerry Garcia (1943-1995) -Folk, Country, and bluegrass elements in music -extended free form songs, improvisations Jam Band -Not commercial music too long for radio, didn't capture excitement of concerts -first albums were live: live/dead (1970) first side is one long improv - dark star -successful group touring group -dead heads -uncle johns band: -touch of grey: top ten hit -fire on the mountain -truckin'
rockabilly aritsts
-gene vincent -eddie Cochran -both had big successes in UK as well as US -eddie cochran- natural ability, innovative -gene vincent - " be bop a lula" sounds like elvis
Neil Young
-group crazy horse- many albums Activist through his music -lets impeach the president -rockin in the free world -southern man -other songs: heart of gold (live) old man -2019:
Robert Johnson
-king of the delta blues -only a few recordings ( 1936-1937) -huge influence: cream (listen to crossroads) Led Zeppelin, Rolling Stones covered his songs, Bob Dylan, Muddy Waters, many others -Legend he "sold his soul to the devil" in exchange for his other worldly talent -probably poisoned to death, age 27
HIPPIES
-major issues in late 1960s recalled beats criticism of society -young people valued love, freedom, individual worth; viewed society as materialistic -the counterculture developed; stood for peace, free; free love and nonmaterialism -hippies or flower children -mind altering psychedelic drugs especially LSD
the day music died
-music groups were on tour in the mild west in the freezing cold winter -tour bus was so cold one musician left with frostbite -chartered an airplane to get to next venue overnight -plane crashed- the pilot t, buddy holly, richie valens, and the big bopper were killed -don maclean captured the moment as well as the uncertainty of the 60s in the song the day the music died
fats domino (R&B background)
-new Orleans native -pianist and singer -40 R&B charts hits and 10 top ten pop hits -songs: im walkin, the fat man, blueberry hill, aint that a shame
Bo Diddley
-not a lot of hits, but covered by other artists later -his legacy: the bo diddley beat he made famous-used in many songs
Haight Ashbury
-psychedelic scene in San Francisco, centered in Haight-Ashbury area -Human be in in January 1967 in golden gate park. Beat poets read and psychedelic bands played -thousands came to San Francisco in summer of love, 1967 attracted by the counterculture -similar scene in London
W.C. Handy
-published a lot of sheet music, more mainstream exposure to the blues style, pre- WWI -made the movie St. Louis Blues in 1929 -Starred Bessie smith -one of the first "talking" movies -About 16 min long
aftermath album
-released 1966 -first all original songs album -influence not just r&b and soul-other cultures as well -use of new instruments after Beatles -brian jones; most experimental -Played sitar on paint it , black -album also uses duscimer, harpsichord, and marimba
Gospel: sam cooke and the soul strippers
-sang religious music; church traditions sam was very young, was leader he will become an important solo artist conflict between sacred and secular
heavy metal
-screamed often-obscure lyrics -power of sound- highly amplified -used same instrumentation as cream, JHE, electric guitar, bass, drums -aggressive, macho, rebellious -themes of death and destruction
LIVERPOOL
-seaport -recovering from WWII
white rabbit
-somebody to love -based on Alice in wonderland -clear references to drug culture in the lyrics -AABA form -Gradual buildup of intensity, classical music and Spanish influence - similar to "bolero "by Maurice rave, 1928 large buildup
Simon and Garfunkel
-started singing together in high school -Folk album Wednesday Morning, 3 am -Producer overdubbed (the sounds of silence), re-released it as folk rock-hit -They reunited and recorded the sounds of silence album -Bridge over Troubled Water -I Am a Rock - the Boxer - Scarborough Fair/Canticle -Mrs. Robinson
altamont concert
-stones on tour in US 1969 -woodstock had happened in summer; was huge and peaceful -decided to offer similar large free outdoor concert at altamont speedway -the grateful dead recommended using the hells angel
CSNY later years
-strong personalities, broke up -sometimes reunited in duets or trios - Nash recording/touring, runs a business -Crosby: went to jail on drug charges; still making albums and touring -remember my name documentary
Bessie Smith
-the empress of the blues -grew up poor, sang to make money -joined touring groups to dance act -sing- mentored by Ma Rainey -Sold a lot of records- made a lot of money -powerful, polished, nuanced voice -died young in a car accident
early ska groups
-the skatalites - prolific instrumental group -guns of Navarone - my boy lollipop- international hit by Millie Small -Called "blue beat"
Pat Boone
-white performer, descendant of pioneer Daniel Boone -covered these early rock hits and perfomred better on the mainsteam charts -he and others who made covers claimed that originals would no have done as well if the covers did not exist -Fats dominos : aint a shame
pet sounds
-written/produced by Brian Wilson after he stopped touring with beach boys -huge departure from surf songs -concept album -influenced Beatles, Sgt. Pepper -not promoted by their label -wrecking crew musicans, extra instruments -God Only Knows- called the greatest song ever written by paul mcCartney
4 Episodes ( listen for the beginning s of the sections)
1. versus/choruses 2. Tations, prepared piano 3. shaker 4. Chorus
JOHN LENNON
1940 - 1980; from Liverpool • Grew up with aunt; knew his mother but she died when he was 18 • Formed first band, the Quarrymen, at 16 • Dropped out of art school • Played guitar • Prolific writing partnership with Paul McCartney • The "smart" Beatl
Jimi Hendrix
1942-1970 raised in Seattle -taught himself guitar by copying recordings of blues artists -he served in the army from 1961 to 1962 -1964 moved to New York City, Jimmy James and the Blue Flames -1966 Chas Chandler offered to be his manager; he left group and moved to London - September 1966. Formed the Jimi Hendrix Experience -very successful in the UK, hits in early 1967, Hey Joe # 6, purple haze #3, and the wind cries mary -first album, are you experienced, huge....?? ??
GEORGE HARRISON
1943 - 2001; from Liverpool • The "quiet" Beatle • Got a guitar at 13 • Youngest member of the Beatles • Took a special interest in Eastern philosophy and Indian music while a Be
AABA
32 measures (bars) total A- 8 bars A- 8 bars B- 8 bars A- 8 bars Song ex: great balls of fire, all i have to do is dream, surfer girl
Verse Chorus
A section= verse; same melody, different lyrics each time B section= Chours; different melody than verse, same lyrics each time Song ex; thatll be the day, california girls, penny lane, foxy lady, smoke of the water
GUITARS: ACOUSTIC AND ELECTRIC
ACOUSTIC: -not designed to be amplified -hollow body -we will see it especially in folk music ELECTRIC: - plugs into amplifier -can use pedals and amps to create distortion, other effects -solid body
SW GOLDEN PERIOD 1972-1976
ALBUMS: • 1972 Talking Book • 1973 Innervisions • Higher Ground • Living for the City - sketch of urban life, exploitation and injustice • 1976 Songs in the Key of Life • Use of synthesizer - one of the first • Move toward "funk" style • Humanitarian • Civil Rights Movement: MLK Day a national holiday • Happy Birthda
RINGO STARR
Born 1940 - oldest Beatle • Given name: Richard Starkey • Percussionist • The "funny" Beatle • Already a professional drummer before the Beatles • Last Beatle to joi
Paul McCartney
Born 1942; from Liverpool • Father played piano; mother died when young • Lennon/McCartney • The "cute" Beatle • Played guitar, bass,
Steel Guitar
Came out in 1931 ■ Very commonly used in western swing music ■ Very similar to bottleneck guitar in Delta blues, but used a steel bar ■ A lap version and a console version, which could be amplified. ■ Influence of Hawaiian music can be heard.
INFLUENCES
Carl Perkins Buddy Holly and the Crickets Lonnie Donegan Chuck Berry Elvis Presley Bob Dylan The Beach Boy
The blues ( delta and urban blues)
Characteristics Rough raw sound- looking for emotion, not technique -string bending -vocal instrumental scooping bending, sliding - blues dates back to the 1500's
STEVIE WONDER
Child prodigy - signed age 11 • First hit "Fingertips Pt. 2" - age 13 • #1 hit both pop and R&B • Recorded live - was spontaneous • 1966 Uptight (Everything's Alright) • #1 hit both pop and R&B A few famous songs: Superstition I Just Called to Say I Love You Isn't She Lovely
Singers - Crooners
Emphasis on the singers, not the bands Frank Sinatra and Bing Crosby
1930'S
GREAT DEPRESSION FDR NEW DEAL RECORD PLAYERS
Howlin' Wolf
HOWLIN' WOLF ■ Very raw, aggressive singing ■ Also played the harmonica ("blues harp") ■ Didn't always follow traditional 12-bar blues form ■ Huge influence later: covered by Cream, the Yardbirds, Led Zeppelin, Rolling Stones, greaful dead, the dorrs
THE ED SULLIVAN SHOW
ICONIC MOMENT IN MUSIC HISTORY! • Ed Sullivan had popular variety show • First live US TV performance • Sang three songs • 73 million watched; 40% of population • Performed again a week later • Beatlemania was here
PSYCHEDELIC ROCK-- MOVEMENT
INFLUENCED by other social movements; concerned with new ways of exploring the world -drugs played a central role, trying to reach "higher consciousness" -eastern spirituality -the summer of 1967 the summer love. breakthrough of counterculture into the mainstream -centered in san Francisco
Beat Poets
In the late 1950s, The "beat" Poets protested against opressive American society -nontraditional lifestyles and rejected conventional morality -allen ginsberg, jack kerouac, corso, ferlinghetti, burroughs, -Improvisatory-sounding poetry, often performed with jazz musicians -marijuana , other drugs widely used, embraced eastern meditation -conservative critics thought they were danger to society -the beat movement centered in San Francisco
spread of regional music
Independent record labels small labels could not reach very far with their distribution ■ Many indie record labels popped up for rhythm and blues - Chess, Atlantic, Sun Records Everything changed when television came - much more airtime available on radio
PLEASE PLEASE ME
Love Me Do single went to #17 in October 1962 • Please Please Me (song) exploded in January 1963; #2 in UK • Had to make album quickly - released March 1963 • 6 cover songs; 8 Lennon/McCartney originals • I Saw Her Standing There
first rock and rollers
MUSICIANS WITH R&B BACKGROUNDS -FATS DOMINO -CHUCK BERRY -LITTLE RICHARD MUSICIANS WITH COUNTRY BACKGROUNDS -bill haley -evlis presley -carl perkins -jerry lee lewis -gene vincent -buddy holly
Willie Dixon
Performer, but known for his blues songwriting. ■ (I'm Your) Hoochie Coochie Man was written by him ■ Worked behind the scenes as producer, contractor, and session musician in addition to songwriting
Johnny cash
Picture from performance at San Quentin prison Rick Rubin (who worked with rap artists) asked to work with him in later life. He released several albums with him. He did a lot of collaborations with artists in other genres, including Bob Dylan
THREE PERIODS OF THE BEATLES
Pop-influenced love songs Bob Dylan-influenced introspective period Period concentrating on studio techniques Bob Dylan and the Beatles met in August, 1964. He introduced them to marijuana.
NOVEMBER 23, 1963
President John F. Kennedy assassinated • Nation plunged into dark time • End of Camelot
Mahalia Jackson
QUEEN OF GOSPEL -lived 1911-1972 -expanded gospel beyond the church through her performances, to a white audience as well - civil rights activist: sang at Selma, march on Washington, Dr. martin Luther king funeral -
Aretha Franklin
Queen of Soul - singer and pianist - daughter of prominent minister; began performing in church and grew up around gospel music legends - signed with Columbia in NYC; limited success with subdued, jazzy style - moved to Atlantic; Wexler encouraged her to return to previous energy, emotion, and dramatic of her gospel days
spread of regional music
Regional Radio Networks ■ Radio played mainstream pop, soap operas, variety shows, etc. ■ Due to broadcast deals, some stations could play other types of music in off-peak hours to regional audiences
spread of country music
Regional country music radio shows gained popularity and ultimately a nation-wide following, accepted by the big networks. ■ Nashville became center of Country Music performing and recording ■ Soldiers shared tastes in music while serving together in World War II - Country music became very popular in the armed services
WITH THE BEATLES
Released 8 months after PPM, on November 22, 1963 • Had to delay release - bumped PPM from top spot; 51 consecutive weeks at #1 • Put out She Loves You - #1 both US and UK • First George song: Don't Bother Me • New instruments: Piano, Hammond organ
The Drifters
Second "Drifters" had more chart success • Used lush strings, Latin beats • Crossed over to success on the pop charts • Featured singer Ben E. King - later sang Stand By Me
SKIFFLE MUSIC
Similar to rockabilly but more of a folk influence • Often used rustic or improvised instruments, banjo • Lonnie Donegan big star
THE BEATLES
Soundtrack of the 60s • We can see and study their musical development • Impactful in their own time • Immeasurable influence on other musicians • Beloved by so man
Characteristics of Country Music
Steady beat by performers ■ Four beats per bar (maybe 2, 3) ■ Even subdivisions - patterns don't change in a bar ■ Simple chord harmonies (triadic) ■ Two 4-bar phrases in an 8-bar period; 8-bar period repeats ■ Two-beat bass: I-V-I-V on strong beats in measure. Two notes the whole song. - Johnny Cash a great example ■ Story-telling lyrics or express emotion ■ Nasal and either deadpan or intensity vocals ■ Combinations of singers - the harmony is sung above the melody, then any more parts are added below
HAMBURG PERSONNEL
Stu Sutcliffe stayed behind in Hamburg with his girlfriend afterward • Pete Best was last-minute addition before 1960 tour • Ringo occasionally filled in for Pete Best in Hamburg
Johnny Cash
THE MAN IN BLACK • Had a lot of crossover success from country to pop charts - sold 90 million albums • Substance abuse problems plagued him • Marriage with June Carter, another country artist • Themes of sorrow, morality, redemption • Performed in prisons • Main hits: • I Walk the Line • Folsom Pris
A HARD DAY'S NIGHT
The Making of A Hard Day's Night • Kept up hard pace after US tour • Movie and album released July 1964 • "Scenes" from their frantic life • First time all original songs • Seven tracks from album in soundtrack • Can't Buy Me Love • A Hard Day's Night • And I Love Her
HAMBURG TOURS
The Reeperbahn - seedy part of Hamburg - played in clubs • Terrible conditions • Punishing schedules • August - November 1960 • George gets deported - underage (17) • April - July 1961 • April - May 1962 • Really solidified as a group; wrote a lot of songs
APRIL 1964
Top 5 positions on Billboard chart Also 7 others in top 100
VOCALISTS
Usually performs the melody Delivers the lyrics May have "backup" singers singing harmony Usually use microphones
1940'S
WORLD WAR II BABY BOOM TV LEASE TO RISE OF REGIONAL RADIO
Andrew Sisters
World war II characterized by; swing tunes + close harmony - songs that supported the troops at the time
SOLO GUITAR
can also play the melodic line Guitar or other instruments may perform solos; usually happens after the midpoint of a song
doo wop characteristics
eighborhood groups would form, have friendly competitions with other doo-wop groups • Began as a cappella style (no instruments, only voices) • Doo-wop chord progression • Lead singer and background singers • Background singers sang three or four-part harmony • Sang nonsense syllables or repeated words as accompaniment • Bass singer often prominent with "walking" lines • Frequently a basic rhythm of triplet pattern- each divided in three parts
Jump blues
emerged form big band jazz music -expensive to tour with large number of musicians so reduced it to just a few instruments - louis jordan and his tympany five one of the first cross over artists. He had big hits on both the mainstream pop to rhythm and rhythm and blues charts- fun to dance to
T-bone walker
from texas-blind lemon -influenced BB king -first to use all of the effects and variety available to the electric guitar --tone colors, volume, sustain, special effects
NOT ALL COMPLEX OR DEEP LYRICS YET
i feel fine eight days a week
rolling stone
like it or go to hell brand of rhythm and blues -rebillious attitude and songs appealed to younger audiences -looked sloppy
12 BAR BLUES
lyrics, especially older blues songs, in A-A-B format. A lines share the same melody and lyrics; B line is different A; i love my man when he treats me fine A; i love my man when he treats me fine B; i just wish he wouldnlt drink so much
OTHERS
other instruments, such as woodwinds, brass, or strings may be included to change the feel of a song
Hank Williams
s popularity was virtually unrivaled in the late 1940s and early 1950s. • Williams had an emotional singing style that projected sincerity. • Unreliable to record companies because of his "soap opera" life, substance abuse problems • Touring made him a star and broadened audience of country • Released 30 songs before his death at age 29
THE CAVERIN CLUB
venue in liverpool
Jammie Rodgers
• The Father of Country Music • Created "blue yodeling" • Incorporated blues form • * Sang new songs more than traditional folk country song
WOODIE GUTHRIE
• 1912 - 1967 • Mentor to Bob Dylan • Known for This Land Is Your Land • Darker lyrics in later verses • Founding father of recorded American folk music • Recorded for Lomax • Guitar: "This Machine Kills Fascists" • Advocate and activist • Active in the 40s
PETE SEEGER
• 1919 - 2014 • Musicologist's son • Sang with Guthrie in the Almanac Singers - caught the attention of the FBI • Pacifism and pro-union • Formed the Weavers after serving in WWII • Called before Congress to testify during McCarthyism - blacklisted, convicted
THE FREEWHEELIN BOB DYLAN
• 1963 • 2nd album • Notable songs: • Blowin' In the Wind • A Hard Rain's A-Gonna Fall - anti-war • Oxford Town - integrating Univ. of Mississippi
BOB DYLAN: THROUGH 1964
• Born Robert Allen Zimmerman in 1941 in Minnesota • Known for poetic lyrics and unique vocal delivery • Contributed to the folk music revival of the 1960s, and moved it toward protest music • Sang with Joan Baez at the 1963 March on Washington
THE AMERICAN FOLK MUSIC REVIVAL
• In the late 1950s and 1960s, musicians adapted old folk songs and wrote new ones in the same style • Address current topics like civil rights, labor movements, and political protests • Bob Dylan a central figure of this scene in the 1960s
COMMERCIALLY SUCCESSFUJL FOLK GROUPS
• Kingston Trio: • Where Have All the Flowers Gone (Seeger) • Tom Dooley - best known hit • Peter, Paul, and Mary: • Blowin' in the Wind (Dylan) • Puff the Magic Dragon • If I Had a Hammer (Seeger)
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS COLLECTION
• Musicologists Seeger and Lomax researched and recorded the oral traditions from Appalachia • Collected them for Archives of Library of Congress to preserve them • Published collections of these songs
GEORGE MARTIN
• Sir George Martin, MBE • Producer, arranger, mentor to the Beatles - "The Fifth Beatle" • Hired them at EMI Parlophone • Encouraged them to experiment and push boundaries • Played piano, orchestrated string parts - had a classical background • Eleanor Rigby - String quartet • Yesterday - String quartet • Musique concrête: avant garde technique - uses natural sounds prerecorded on a tape and altered
FOLK MUSIC
• Songs passed between performers by oral tradition • Regional differences in the US • Appalachian region folk music traced to British/Irish music • Immigrants would bring music from their own cultures to the US • Each performer could make a song their own - even change lyrics • Avoided electric instruments; used some country instruments
BEATLES FOR SALE
• The Making of Beatles for Sale • Released December 1964 • Frenetic pace; recorded in scattered seven days • Included covers again - 6 on album • Eight Days a Week - fade-in intro • I Feel Fine - distortion at opening • I'll Follow the Sun • John's early introspection: • No Reply • I'm A Loser
county vs western
■ COUNTRY: southeast US and Appalachia ■ WESTERN: Southwest, the Texas/Oklahom a area, and California
