Bible Final Exam Study Guide

Know the verbs that appear as summary statements in Jeremiah (textbook, p. 317).

"to uproot" "tear down" "destroy" "overthrow" "build up"

Be able to explain the five verses from Psalm 22 discussed in class and how they were used in the Gospels of Matthew and John

*a psalm of lament verse 1: Matthew 27:46 verse 7: Matthew 27:39 verse 8: Mathew 27:43 verse 18: John 19:23-24 verse 31: John 19:30 Verse 1: Jesus calling out to God, "Why have you forsaken me?" Verse 7: People mocking Jesus Verse 8: People saying, "Let God save Him!" Verse 18: People dividing his clothes, casting lots Verse 31: People will know that Jesus is God and they will know His righteousness *when Jesus quotes the Psalms at his death, the people of the NT know the words of the OT. They soon realize who Jesus is, as the Messiah.

Be able to explain the progression of the glory of God as discussed in class in Exodus, 2 Kings, Ezekiel and Ezra, along with the relevant chapters.

-Exodus 40 Fills the Tabernacle in the wilderness -2 Chronicles 5 Fills the temple built by Solomon -Ezekial 10-11 The Glory leaves the temple -Ezra 3 The Glory does not return to the Second Temple

Know the pattern of "The Lord's Rebuke" and "Job's Humbled Response" of Job chapters 38-42

-Lord's rebuke of Job 38:1 - 40:3 -Job's humbled response 40:4-5 -Lord's Rebuke of Job 40:6-41:34 -Job's Humbled Response 42:1-6 -Lord's restoration of Job 42: 7-17

Be able to explain what Jesus omitted from his quotation of Isaiah 61:1-2 in Luke 4:18-19.

-day of vengeance of God *it's not happening YET

Be able to explain the significance of the progression of the messages in Amos chapter 1.

-pronouncements of judgement upon the neighborhood nations of Israel and Judah: Damascus, Gaza, Tyre, Edom, Ammon, Moab -Then the same upon Judah and Israel

Be able to explain two reasons for believing that the prophet Isaiah wrote the entire Book of Isaiah (textbook, pp. 296-297).

-several unifying factors in the whole books of Isaiah... Use of "Holy One of Israel" appears equally in both halves of the book -the canonical witness of the NT confirms his authorship. Relevant references such as Matthew 3:3, 4:4, Luke 4:17

Know the significance of 1 Kings 4:32 for the authorship of the Book of Proverbs (textbook, p. 261).

1 Kings 4:32 "Solomon composed 3,000 proverbs" it shows that Solomonic origin for the majority of proverbs is consistent with the Biblical account of Solomon's reign Shows that Solomon as the author/originator of the proverbs attributed to him

Be able to explain the seven major aspects of the Syro-Ephraimite War (textbook, pp. 295-296 and class Powerpoints).

1. Assyria under Tiglath-Pilezar III controlled the region 2. Pekah of Israel and Reezin of Damascus formed an alliance against Assyria 3. Pekah and Reezin invaded Judah, hoping to replace Ahaz of Judah with a king on their side 4. Isaiah advised Ahaz to trust the Lord, but he instead allied with Assyria 5. The Assyrians conquered Damascus and Israel 722 BC 6. Hezekiah, son of Ahaz, rebelled against Assyria 7. Assyria invaded Juda, bu their army was destroyed by the angel of the Lord

Know the five perspectives on suffering as seen in the narrator and characters of the Book of Job (textbook, p. 238).

1. Author: Suffering is pernicious (satanic) 2. Job: Suffering is a puzzle (serious) 3. Friends: Suffering is penal (sinful) 4. Elihu: Suffering purifies (shortcomings) 5. God: Suffering is providential (sovereignty)

Know the events of Jeremiah's prophecies about the Babylonian Exile as discussed in class (textbook, pp. 314-315).

1. Babylon defeated Egypt, establishing control over the region 2. In 605, Nebuchadnezzar captured Jerusalem and began the 1st wave of Judean deportations, including Daniel 3. Jehoiakim, king of Judah, rebelled against Nebuchadnezzar in 602 4. In 597, Nebuchadnezzar recaptured Jerusalem and began the 2nd wave of Judean deportations, including Ezekial 5. In 588, Zedekiah rebelled against Nebuchadnezzar, leading to the final wave of Judean deportations in 586 6. Nebuchadnezzar allowed Jeremiah to remain in the land but was forcibly taken to Egypt by Judean exiles

1) Be able to explain two major points from the final chapter of the Book of Malachi.

1. Repent and Turn to the Law 2. Warning and Judgement who don't

Know the four aspects of Jeremiah's call from the Lord from the chart on p. 316 of the textbook.

1. Vision of God/Voice of God "The word of the Lord came to me" 2. Commission to Task "I appointed you as a prophet to the nations" 3. Objection of Unworthiness "I do not know how to speak; I am only a child" 4. Promises of God's Protection and Enablement "Do not be afraid of them, for i am with you and will rescue you"

Know the twofold aspect of the prophetic ministry (textbook, p. 287).

1. declaring God's message for people of the day 2. foretelling God's actions in the future

Know the three purposes of Hebrew poetry (textbook, pp. 232-233)

1. to express emotion 2. to facilitate worship 3. to instruct in wisdom

Know the New Testament significance of Job 19:25-27 and 31:35-37

19:25-27 Job believed in the resurrection Foreshadows Jesus as the resurrected Messiah 31:35-37 Job wants a court date with the Lord Foreshadows Jesus as the Mediator between God and people

Be able to explain the development of the back-and-forth dialogue between Habakkuk and YHWH in the Book of Habakkuk.

1:2-4 Hab's Question: How long will the Lord put up with Israel's sin? 1:5-11 YHWH's Response: Imminent Judgement from Babylon 1:12-17 Hab's Question: How can the Lord judge the wicked by means of the even more wicked? 2:1-20 Yhwh's Response: 1. Babylon will also be judged soon 2. No one can question Yhwh's wisdom 3:1-19 Hab's Response: Submission, Trust and Praise

Know the aspects of the New Covenant as discussed in class from Jeremiah 31:31-36.

31:31-32 Contrasted with the Mosaic Covenant, which the people did not keep 31:33a The Law will be written on hearts and minds 31:33b-34a Adoption as God's people (I will be their God and they will be my people) 31:34b Declaration of Forgiveness 31:35-37 The unbreakable nature of this covenant

Know the dates listed on the board in class for the beginning of Jeremiah's ministry, the discovery of the Law under Josiah, the death of Josiah, and the beginning of the Babylonian Exile

626 Jeremiah began prophetic ministry 622 King Josiah found the Law of Moses 609 Josiah died 605 Babylonian Exile Began

Know the number of Psalms assigned to Davidic authorship (textbook, p. 249).

73

Know the four characteristics of Hebrew poetry (textbook, p. 233-234) and the five categories of parallelism (textbook, pp. 234-236). Be able to recognize examples of these characteristics and categories

Characteristics: 1. Figurative language 2. Chiasm 3. Acrostics 4. Parallelism Categories of Parallelism 1. Synonymous Parallelism 2. Antithetical Parallelism 3. Synthetic Parallelism 4. Emblematic Parallelism 5. Staircase Parallelism *recognize example the each:)

Know the pattern of "earthly scene" and "heavenly scene" of Job chapters 1-2 as well as the narrator's two assessments of Job in 1:22 and 2:10.

Earthly Scene: 1:1-5 Heavenly Scene 1:6-12 Earthly Scene 1:13-21 Heavenly Scene 2:1-6 Earthly Scene 2:7-13 Narrator's Assessment of Job: 1:22 -did not sin -did not charge God with wrongdoing Narrator's Assessment of Job: 2:10 Lord picks the fight Lord sets the boundaries Lord does this but is still just

Be able to explain four reasons why it is best to not interpret the Song of Songs as an allegory (textbook, pp. 280-281).

First: whenever the relationship between God and Israel is presented as an allegory in the OT, it is indicated as being used as a means of communication, and the figurative expressions are almost always being defined to their appropriate meaning. In addition, when the relationship between God and Israel are presented as an allegory, it's usually in a negative view. Whereas, the Song of Songs is a positive view... Second: to allegorize the song means to leave a lot of detail without explanation of what it refers to and it's comparison. In addition, the history of allegorical interpretation of the Song can be described as "fantasy unlimited", yet the interpretation has little to do with the natural method of interpretation Third: This book is not quoted in the New Testament. Since, the New Testament speaks a lot about Christ and the Church and never refers to the Song of Songs, most likely, this book should not be interpreted that way. Fourth: it would be natural and fitting for the Lord to hold an expression of marital love in the canon

Know the numbers of books into which the Psalms are divided (textbook, p. 249), the rabbinic explanation for this (textbook, p. 250) and the significance of the conclusion of each of these books (textbook, p. 250).

Five Books The Rabbinic sources suggest this arrangement may reflect an attempt to parallel the five books of the Torah royal psalms focus on the Davidic king which appears a the seams of the five books of Psalms... beginning and end... each concludes with a doxology... it illustrates how Psalms looked back to past history as well as forward to a future Davidic, messianic king

Know what takes place for the prophet in the Divine Council (textbook, p. 287).

God "reveals His secret" through the process of divine inspiration, God revealed what was hidden so the prophet perceived what the Lord said

Know Eliphaz' Principle of suffering from Job 4:7-11

Good things come from God to those who do good Evil things come from God to those who do evil *retribution theology

Be able to explain the essential meaning of the nine categories of psalms (textbook, pp. 251-257).

HYMNS -songs of praise that focus on the Lord's eternal attributes and His great acts in creation and history -it includes a call to praise and the reason for praise LAMENTS -prayers offered in times of trouble, pleading for God's help intervention, and deliverance THANKSGIVING PSALMS -prayers expressing thanks to God for specific answers to prayer or for deliverance from danger PSALMS OF CONFIDENCE -expressions of trust in the Lord and praise to the Lord for the security He provides to those who trust in Him PSALMS OF ASCENTS -people sang as they made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem ROYAL PSALMS -prayers that celebrate the special relationship between the Lord and the house of the Davidic king KINGSHIP PSALMS -the theme of the Kingship psalms is the Lord's kingdom rule over His creation -they did this in recognition of the Lord's sovereignty WISDOM PSALMS -teach the value of living a godly life by focusing on the central importance of the law of God and the contrasting ways of the righteous and wicked -teach practical lessons about everyday living IMPRECATORY PSALMS -prayers containing elements of extreme emotion and anger calling on God to bring severe judgement on the enemies of God and the psalmist -prayer for God to execute justice against the wicked or for the final judgement of the wicked as they pray for repentance of the sinner

Know the role of the Divine Warrior in the Day of the Lord.

In the OT the Lord came down to earth as the Divine Warrior and destroyed the wicked in His day of judgment; in the New Testament Christ will come to earth as the Divine Warrior and strike the nations that oppose Him with the sword of His mouth. *as a holy God who is rightly jealous for His honour and reputation, the Lord exacted vengeance on His enemies *the Lord's attributes combined absolute power with perfect righteousness so that He is both a refuge for those who humbly trust in Him and the destroyer of those who arrogantly oppose Him

1) Know the two groups or major forms of Proverbs (textbook, p. 260).

Instructive discourses Pithy Sayings

Know the meanings of the names Isaiah (textbook, p. 292), Jeremiah (textbook, p. 313), Ezekiel (textbook, p. 339) and Daniel (textbook, p. 352).

Isaiah: Yahweh is Salvation Jeremiah: Yahweh lifts up Ezekial: God has strengthened Daniel: God is my Judge

Know the main points of each chapter of Jonah (textbook, p. 399).

Jonah 1 Jonah interacts with foreigners: the sailors come to know the true God Jonah 2 Jonah thanks God for his own salvation Jonah 3 Jonah interacts with foreigners: the Ninevites come to know the true God Jonah 4 Jonah complains to God about Ninevah's salvation

Know the significance of Jeremiah 38:17 as discussed in class

Judgement has been given to the Israelites in verse 15, yet in 17, the verse speaks of the restoration from the Lord

Know the meaning of Theodicy as discussed in class

Justifying God's wisdom and justice in the face (seemingly senseless) suffering

Know the information about Kings Josiah and Zedekiah (textbook, pp. 313-314).

King Josiah: -Judah's Last godly king -carried out significant religious reforms motivated in part by the discovery of the Mosaic book of the law -killed in battle against the Egyptians -reform movement died with him -Jeremiah composed laments for Josiah when he died King Zedekiah: -placed on the throne as a Babylonian puppet -foolishly didn't follow Jerusalem's counsel and rebelled against Babylon which leads to the capture and destruction of Jerusalem -sons were executed, Zedekiah was blinded and taken as a prisoner to Babylon where he died

Be able to explain the liberal view of the dating of the Book of Daniel and the three reasons why it is likely the book was written in the 6th-5th centuries B.C.

Liberal View: Claim Daniel was composed during the 2nd century B.C during the time of Antiochus Epiphanes and the Maccabean kingdom. The reason for this is because the prophetic details of Daniel are so precise that they must have been written after-the-fact Why it was written in 6th-5th centuries: 1. Ezekial references Daniel as a model example of Jewish faith in Exile 2. Josephus, who is a 1st century Jewish historian, wrote that Daniel predicted the events of Antiochus Epiphanes 3. Several prophecies of Daniel were fulfilled after the 2nd century: Rise of Rome (2:33;7:7) Coming of Messiah (9:26) Destruction of the Temple (9:26)

Be able to explain the life example Hosea was called to live, what this life example represented, and the names and significances of the three children.

Life example Hosea was called to live: -marry a promiscuous woman life represented: -Hosea represents the Lord (the Faithful husband), Gomer represents Israel (the unfaithful wife) Children: -illustrate judgement on Israel -Son: Jezreel ("God Scatters") -Daughter: Lo-Ruhamah ("Not Loved") -Son: Lo-Ammi ("Not my People")

Be able to write Ecclesiastes 12:1 from memory in either the NIV, ESV or NRSV

Remember your Creator in the days of your youth, before the days of trouble come and the years approach you when you will say, "I find no pleasure in them"

Be able to explain one similarity and one difference between the accounts of the Assyrian siege of Jerusalem as recorded by Isaiah and Sennacherib.

Sennacherib: 1. Conquered a lot of Judean cities 2. Silence Isaiah 37 1. He conquered a lot of Judean cities 2. Assyrian army was destroyed by God

Know the five types of parallelism seen in the Book of Proverbs (textbook, pp. 259-260).

Synonymous Antithetical Synthetic Comparative Absurdity

Know the reason why the Major Prophets are designated in this way (textbook, p. 287)

The Hebrew term nabi' itself designates the prophet as a spokesman for God

Be able to explain the nations represented by Nebuchadnezzar's Statue dream in Daniel 2 and the Beasts and Little Horn vision in Daniel 7.

The Statue in Daniel 2 -Head (Gold: Babylon) -Chest and Arms (Silver: Persia) -Stomach and Thighs (Bronze: Greece) -Legs (Iron: Rome) -Feet (Clay: Destruction of all earthly kingdoms by the kingdom of God) The Beasts and Little Horn in Daniel 7: -Winged Lion (Babylon) -Bear (Persia) -Four-Headed Leapard (Greece) -Monster with Iron Teeth and Ten Horns (Rome) -The Little horn (Antichrist) who will be defeated by the Ancient of Days and the Son of Man

Be able to write Proverbs 1:7 from memory in either the NIV, ESV or NRSV

The fear of the lord is the beginning of knowledge, but fools despise wisdom and instruction

Know the meaning and significance of the locust plague in Joel.

emphasizes the totality of their destruction. The Lord sent locusts as one of the plagues against the Egyptians in the exodus but now He punished His own people with the destructive insects. Joel views the locust-like an invading army. The people could no longer grow crops, and as a result, this crisis called for the people to lament. This plague brought the people to call for Yahweh to help His people.

Be able to complete the following purpose statements for the Book of Ecclesiastes: "The author [of Ecclesiastes] was frustrated by ________ and the __________ of man to _________ that which is _________. He was also frustrated by the __________ nature of life and the _________ of wisdom to provide any sense of __________ over what tomorrow might bring" (textbook, p. 271).

injustice/inability/straighten/crooked/transitory/inability/guarantee

Know the meaning of "The Day of the Lord."

it is a prominent motif in OT prophets and refers to a day of battle when Yahweh would dramatically intervene on earth to accomplish His work of judgement and salvation The prophets this terminology to refer both to near events of their own day and to Yahweh's work of judgement and salvation in the eschatological last days

Be able to complete the following purpose statements for the Book of Psalms: "Psalms was the _______ book of ancient ________, and these ______ psalms were collected to use in ________ at the _________ in ____________...Psalms reflects the _________ of the ________ worshipper and expresses the full range of ________ ________ the __________ of faith experiences as they enter into _______ presence and seek His ________ for _________ living" (textbook, p. 248).

prayer/Israel/150/worship/temple/Jerusalem/passion/true/human emotions/community/God's/help/daily

Be able to explain the idea of "general truths" vs. "specific guarantees" in the Book of Proverbs. (textbook, pp. 263-264).

proverbs are general truths, not specific promises or guarantees from God. the general point taught in a proverb is likely to hold true, but in a fallen world exception will confound even the wisest individuals. the general rule is that when the proverbs are followed, a positive outcome will take place. Yet, it is not a guarantee. It holds true as a general rule, not an absolute promise

Know the meaning of the term "psalmos" (textbook, p. 249).

refers to a song sung to the accompaniment of the harp. means praise or song of praise

Be able to explain the meaning of life "under the sun" (textbook, p. 275).

refers to the activities of man as observed and experienced from a human perspective meaning he cannot escape the reality that death is coming it highlights the transitory nature of mortal life

Know the meaning of the term Qohelet (textbook, p. 271).

the one who gathers or assembles teacher preacher

Be able to explain two major events as discussed in class from the Divine Council seen of Isaiah 6:1-13.

verse 1-4 Scene: God's holiness verse 5 Isaiah's response was ironic -- says his lips are unclean, yet communally they were unclean verse 6-7 Atonement verse 8-9 Message: To the blinded until desolation by war, yet a stump of hope will remain