Biblical foundations Exam 2
Jezereel
"God sows"; also a place name like naming a child watergate political coo Hoseas child
example from Judges
"In those days there was no king in Israel, and all the people did what was right in their own eyes"
Bildad
"You must be sinning" - traditions teach that sin leads to suffering. Job should listen to tradition -Jobs friend
First part of Isaiah
(1-39) 8th cent bce the fall of israel northern kingdom as seen from the southern kingdom main enemy+Assyria
second part of Isaiah
(40-66) 6ht cent bce captivity and exile of judah (southern Kingdom and return Main enemy=Babylon
solomon
(Old Testament) son of David and king of Israel noted for his wisdom (10th century BC) builds temple (961-922 BCE)
Tel Dan Stele
(ca. 850 BC) mentions the "house of David"
Uriah
-a foreigner protrayed as more faithful than david he refuses to rest while his fellow soldiers fight -Bathsheba's husband who was sent to die in battle
Saul's qualifications
-handsome and "head and shoulder above everyone else" -tribe of Benjamin, a smaller and less threatening tribe -chosen by God: "The Lord has anointed you over His people" -the spirit of God possessed Him -early military challenge (Ammonites) solidifies position -rallies tribes and initiates shift from tribal to national identity -sacrifices and gives credit to God "today the Lord has brought deliverance to israel"
trible life
12th-11th centuries BCE
The Exodus
13th century BCE
Syro- Ephramite war
735-732 BC Israel and aram form an alliance and go to war against judah to force themm to join against the assyrian empire they lay seige to Jerusalem question for ahaz should he rely on political alliances or depend on Yahweh to defend the nation
stele
A monument, vertical in style, small or large, that contained writing or pictures to commemorate or record something often by kings to mark a victory
servant leadership
A type of leadership based on humble service to all God's people.
Ideal Davidic king
Ahaz did not fully obey Isaiah reminiscing on david's king as time need a righteous leader who fears the Lord and represents the underdog reference to creation theology
Haman
An Amalekite, captain of the princes, who plotted destruction of the Jews. and Mordecai, kings advisor hung by kings orders
true
As with the genesis narratives the choice of david by God over Saul is the choice of the lesser over the greater
David's anointing
By samuel, david was the youngest of Jesse
isaiah the book
Called the greatest book of the OT, also called the gospel of the OT. It is the Longest Prophetic Book at 66 Chapters. position in jewish and christian theology more copies in dead sea scrolls than any other book except deuteronomy most quoted Ot Book in NT
true
David was "a man after God's own heart"
Eliab
David's eldest brother that told him to go home -He accuses hum of just wanting to see the battle
Absalom
David's son who rebelled and drove David from Jerusalem; hair hung in a tree
true
David, a man after God's own heart shows himself capable of great service to God but also of great failure
false
Davids brokeness does not flow through his family
Mordecai
Esther's relative who refused to bow to Haman; helped Esther save the Jews discovers hamans plan and asks for exthers help honored by king
King Saul
First king of Israel Chosen by God to save the people from the Philistines. He is anointed by Samuel
themes in Hosea
God as angry husband God as nostalgic husband failure of leadership has to led to immoral behavior failure of leadership has led to immoral behavior -God as nurturing parent wavering on punishment
true
God chooses david even though he is the smallest and the youngest
jobs harsh words for God
God has worn me out torn me in his wrath hated me been my adversary he broke me slashes shows no mercy bursts is like a warrior
Jesse's
God instructs Samuel to choose one of _________ sons to be King.
key themes in Isaiah pt 1 (1-39)
God is holy and demands that people and demand that people be holy set apart as well -the peoples sinfulness pollutes their worship the call to ethical living the hope for a faithful king a largely critical tone (brueggeman)
theories of authorship
God lays out his case against judah chapter 1 charges rebellion sin forsaken the lord the solution was to wash yourselves and be good
God judges Job and his friends
God says that Jobs friends had not spoken of what was right about God as Job had.
poor
Gods relationship to the poor is that of a friend to a father. serving God is equivalent too serving the ______, God longs for justice for the _____, just like Job.
Lo-ammi
Hosea's son: "not my people," referring to the broken relationship hope for redemption to brother Ammi and to your sister ruhamah
Job is humbled and stays loyal to god
How does the book of Job end in chapter 42?
obedience , faithfulness
If the people choose _________ and ____________________to the Lord, they will be blessed in the land. If they turn away from the Lord, they will not live in the land 1 samuel
Amos
Im no prophet but i am a herdsman and dresser of sycamore trees
charismatic
In Judges the authority was __________________ Ex: "the spirit of the Lord came upon Him"
David and Bathsheba
In Samuel, David had an adulterous relationship with Bathsheba. When she became pregnant, David sent her husband, Uriah, into battle, where he was killed. David and Bathsheba married. The child conceived during their affair died, but Bathsheba later gave birth to Solomon.
true
In spite fo David's failures, he is used and blessed by God due to God's chesed (steadfast love)
Isaiah's Call
Isaiah 6 has a vision of God's throne worried about his own sin/others sin seraph cleanses lips tells isaiah people will ignore him
King
Israel was begging for a _______ so they could be like other nations looking for a worldly leader instead of God will cause problems 1 samuel
advocate
Job and Jesus both experience great suffering and _____________________ for the poor
suffering
Jobs language of God shifts as he understands the ____________________ of the poor
Deuteronomistic History
Joshua, Judges, 1 and 2 Samuel, 1 and 2 Kings tell the story from settlement to exile from the vantage point of the end of the monarchy and the imminent defeat by Babylon
esther
Kings wife has a banquet to reveal Hamans plann, saves the Jews
Deuteronomy
MEANS "2ND LAW" serves as a bridge that connects the Torah with historical books that follow it. it gives the principle by which one can understand Israel's history
Philistines
Old Testament enemies of the Israelites; ignorant or uncultured person sea-going peoples who settled in coasal Palestine from c. 12 BCE city states-gaza, ashkelon, ashdod,ekron, and gath organized military with standing army and iron weapons
Forms of Proverbs
Parallelism similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses -comparison better than numerical listics wordplay/atrostic (31)
david
Second king of Israel he had success in all his undertakings for the Lord was with hum
Maher-shalal-hash-baz
Second son of Isaiah whose name means "quick to the plunder, swift to the spoil the spoil speeds, the prey hastens
King Ahasuerus
The Persian king who is found in the Book of Esther and promises to give Esther what she wants chooses to marry esther has mercy on her punishes
Isaiah
The great prophet who guided the reforms of Hezekiah. His prophecies often refer to the coming of the Messiah. -lived and ministered in Judah (south) and had access to royal ministry
Southern Kingdom of Judah
The kingdom that after the death of Solomon in the late tenth century BCE continued to be ruled by the Davidic dynasty with its capital in Jerusalem, until it was captured by the Babylonians in 586 BCE.
Northern Kingdom of Israel
The territory that split from Judah after the death of Solomon in the late tenth century BCE and was an independent kingdom with its capital in Samaria until the Assyrians conquered it in 722 BCE. called israel or ephraim
Eliphaz
Told Job that experience teaches that sin leads to suffering. "If you sin you suffer" tells Job that he is guilty Jobs friend
Nathan and David
Who says: "You are the man!"
Amnon and Tamar
_____, son of David, lusted after and raped his sister, _____:
Saul
_______ makes a sacrifice without Samuel tries to kill his son, and lets the Amalekite king live. God gradually became sorry that he made him king - beginning of monarchy c. 1020-1000 BCE
saul
________ says david is too young and weak
Samuel's
____________ sons became judges for a time, but were evil (bribes, unfair Judgements)
election of Israel
_____________________ as a punishment-have covental relationship with God held to higher standard as Gods chosen Amos 3:1-2, 9:7-8
Goliath
a large person; from the giant from the Philistine city of Gath, slain by David, when he was a shepherd boy
Liberation Theology
a movement within the Catholic church to understand Christianity from the perspective of the poor and oppressed, with a focus on fighting injustice
Guastavo Gutierrez
a pervuiavan catholic theologian and one of the founders of the liberation theology movement
Shear - Jashub
a remnant shall return Isaiahs child
true
according to job 24 the poor lack clothing shelter relationship food etc the cause of their condition is the wicked who exploit them
proverbs
advice literature common in the ANCIENT near east and across cultures
true
after death of Joshua, led by "Judges" were ocassional political judicial and military leaders
true
age of patriarchs was in 2nd millenium bce
Day of the Lord
amos 5:18-24 conduct and worship linked justice rolls down like waters-MLK
true
amos is from tekoa in the southern kingdom of Judah but prophesies in the northern kingdom of Israel c 760-750 BCE -when the Assyrian empire is not yet on the horizon but will be soon
true
anger out of love
Book of Esther
anonymous dating of composition uncertain (4th-3rd cent BCE)
gutierrez on Job
as the book progresses Job sees more deeply into his own experience and refines his thinking he shifts his focus from himself to his neighbors specifically the poor. he realizes he is not alone in his suffering
David
c 1000-961 BCE unites nation, capital at Jerusalem
Amos 1-2
contains denunciations of a laundry list of israels enemies
God speaks out of the whirlwind
creation shows the power of God
prophetic tasks
criticizing: real criticism begins in the capacity to grieve because that is the most viceral announcement that things are not right internal criticism: energizing: imagining an alternative community message of hope Ex: Moses
true
david displays favoritism and does not punish Amnon as he should
cons of having a king
demanding a human king means rejecting God as king (1 Samuel 8:7) kings will want your stuff (1 Samuel 8:10-18; 12)
sin
depth of punishment parallels the gravity of _________
reasons for Saul's Decline
disrespect of Samuel's priestly role (1 Samuel 13) makes sacrifice without Samuel disrespect of God's commands regarding total warfare (1 Samuel 15)
chief question of Job
does job fear God for nothing the central theme of the book of Job is the possiblity of disinterested righteousness
the maxims of phathotep
egyptian court administrator offered instictions courtly wisdom good govt eloquence avoiding vice
Satan in the Hebrew Bible
english word satan comes directly from hebrew satan meaning accuser or adversary verb form means to obstruct or to oppose
true
esther felt fear about approaching her husband at the wife selection process.
true
esthers book teaches reward for bravery punishment for deceit and the importance of family
themes of proverbs
fear of the lord-a prequesite to any true knowledge -good acts lead to good consequences, bad actions lead to bad consequences (a common theme in Hebrew scriptures) the theology of Jobs friends -it posits a conforting vision of a preditable rational worl in which we control our own destiny -the rationality of creation -people should learn wisdom by observing the natural world the orderliness of creation reflects the orderliness of the creator act/consequence worldwiew at work everywhere
Saul, David, Solomon
first three kings of Israel when Israel was united
man and his God
from ancient sumer those who suffer should with humility countinue to praise and petition the god(S)
admonition
gentle warning; friendly reproof positive or negative form of proverb
compassion
hosea 2,11,14
terms used infrequentley in the hebrew bible
human- 1sam 29:4 referring to david supernatural -Numbers 22:22 an angel as a roadbloack Zechariah 3:1-2 accuser in the heavenly court
Ahaz dilema
if you do not stand firm in faith you do not stand at all Isaiah encourages him to fight back chapter 7
deuteronomistic Principle
if.... then obeying leads to life, prosperity, blessing disobey leads to perish and cursing
jobs response to suffering
job still persists in his integrity although you incited me against him to destroy him for no reason (Lord to Satan) very well he is in your power only spare his life--Lord to satan Satan inflicted loathsome sores on Job Job did not sin with his lips in all this
samuel
judge, priest, prophet, kingmaker
restoration
judgement is not the last word God gives last message=hopeful Amos 9:11-13
judgement
judgement-Hosea 5,9,13
true
judges were both male (ex: gideon and samson) and female (ex: Deborah)
perfect God
justice and grace =______________ __________________
3 kings during the Syro-Ephramite war
king ahaz of judah king rezin of Aram (syria) King pekah of Israel (ephraim)
Edward Hicks
known for painting scenes of "the Peaceable Kingdom"
Samuel
last of Judges over Israel is _____________
Second Temple Period
late 6th BCE-1st cent CE
true
law, prophet and wisdom teach more explicit lessons
Book of Judges
loose tribal confederation with no permanent centralized leadership
a new covenant for new community
maintain justice do what is right foreigner eunuch love the name hold fast my covenant my holy mountain my house shall be called a house of prayer for all peoples
dating of proverbs
monarchy through post exilic (10th-5th century BCE)
isaiah
name= yaweh is salvation or salvation of Yaweh
Lo-Ruhamah
not pitied meaning God will no longer have pity on Israel (Hosea 1:6) hoseas child
two paths motif
option 1 : following strange woman option 2: following woman wisdom the last word listen to your mama
poverty ethics and worship in amos 2
our relationship with people parallels our relationship with God you cant worship God without right conduct 1st and 2nd half of 10 commandments go together
key themes in amos
poverty ethics and worship (Live what you believe) - the day of the Lord -with great power comes great responsivility -the election of Israel -restoration
Great power comes with great responsibility
predicts doom for amaziah because He is not leading Israel to God Amos 7:12-17
isaiah's wife
prophetess
abalom
protective brother who gets revenge for tamar he commands his servants to kill Amnon. He wins over the hearts of the people by being a merciful judge. Dies in battle and david mourns his son, _____________, and wishes he could have taken his place
Zophar
questioning God's justice is wrong Jobs friend
true
restoration gentle imagery are the two themes in the last words of hosea
Ruhamah
reverse of prophesy
true
saul was jealous of david
Book of Joshua
settlement of the promised land led by Moses' successor, Joshua
Davidic Covenant
short term context: David's sucessors (Solomon) long term context: How will God's promise to David be kept after monarchy comes to an end? Covenant that says the Messiah will come from the House of David -- builds on previous covenants (Abrahamic, Mosaic)
tel
stratified mound on the site of an ancient city in this case Dan a northern Israelite city
pros of having a king
stronger national identity used by God to lead in battle
mapping the world of amos
syria philistia phoenicia edom ammon moab judah and especially Israel
hosea
the Lord said to _______, "Go take for yourself a wife of whoredom..."
sign of hope in the midst of war
the birth of a child will be a sign that God is with them prophesying Jesus' birth milk (Curds) and honey
Hosea's basic message
the convention between God and Israel is best understood as a marriage rather tan a legal contract. Israel's unfaithfulness, as seen in her worship of other gods is a kind of spiritual adultery
key themes in Hosea
the covenant between God and Israel is best understood as a marriage Israels unfaithfulness is seen as in her worship of other gods is. akind of spiritual adultery the wrath and mercy of God God as angry or nostalgic hisband God as nurturing parent restoration
Diaspora
the dispersion of the Jews outside Israel
1 Samuel
the people demand a king and get what they "ask" for -they want to be like the other nations God's response to samuel is to listen to the people
Brueggemann
the prophetic imagination enculturation:" the contemporary American church is so largely enculturated to the american ethos of consumerism that it has little power to beliece or act... our consciousness has been claimed by false fields of perception and idolatrous customs of language and rhetoric" church trys to sell a messsage consumerism makes their worldview transactional
the problem with having a king
the relationship between the priest prophet king and God
comfort of the creater (ch 40)
the risk:loss of faith the reassurance God as creator has authority over all creation and God is unique the same God created will redeem since the work of creation and redemption are part of the same work
context of job
there was once a man in the land of UZ dating: difficult limited clues in the text point to a patriarchial setting (nomadic setting wealth measured via livestock) themes are universal problem of suffering job is not from israel place in the canon: contrast to the act/consequence worldview
key themes in Isaiah pt 2 (40-66)
timeline of exile 587 bce beginning of exile and desstuction of temple by Babylonians 539 bce defeat of babylon by persians 538 bce edict of cryus the great/ end of exile for Judah 516 bce: rebuilt temple
hosea
unlike amos who was from the south and prophesied as an outsider in the Northern kingdom, ___________ is from the North -prophesies during a time of national calamity in the Northern Kingdom c. 750-722 BCE when the Assyrian empire was on the rise and Israel was about to fall
David
wants to build a temple for the Lord God promises ____________ a great name, protection over Israel and a son who will build a temple
yahweh
who says for three transgressions and for four i will not revoke punishment
the question of having a king
would the king enforce the covenant between God and Israel
mercy
wrath is followed by _____________________
on job God talk and the suffering of the innocent
a commentary on the book that reads this story through the lens of the oppressed
authoriship of proverbs
a compendium of wise sayings tradition of solomon as the wise king the "wise" professional class of counselors teachers and bureaucrats agur son of Jakeh king Lamuel's mother
