Big Sur Desktop Test
Sharing only Account
"Sharing only" accounts share files with someone on a different computer, but that user can't log in to your Mac.
Which privacy and security enhancements does macOS Big Sur improve?
1.Signed system volume, 2. Faster updates—When macOS Big Sur is installed, software updates begin in the background and complete faster than before—so it's easier than ever to keep your Mac up to date and secure. 3 Privacy information on the App Store—A new section on each app's page on the App Store helps you understand the privacy practices of the app before you download it. 4.Self-reported privacy practices—Developers self-report their app privacy practices on the App Store. See the types of data their app might collect—like usage data, contact information, or location—and whether that data is shared with third parties.
What is a configuration profile?
A configuration profile is a document with the filename extension .mobileconfig that contains system settings as defined by an administrator.
Group Account
A group account is a list of user accounts that gives you greater control over file and folder access.
Which key features do you gain by setting up iCloud?
A key feature of iCloud is providing cloud storage and communication services for apps, including iCloud Drive, Photos, Contacts, Calendars, Reminders, Safari, Siri, Notes, and Find My. iCloud Keychain is also enabled if the Apple ID you entered has two-factor authentication. If the Apple ID you entered belongs to the @mac.com, @me.com, or @icloud.com domain, Mail is also configured.
What are some of the advantages of APFS?
APFS advantages include making common operations such as copying files and directories instantaneous, helping protect data from power outages and system crashes, and keeping files safe and secure with native encryption.
Which major volume formats does macOS Big Sur support? 5
APFS—The macOS Big Sur default. Mac OS Extended—Used with and before macOS High Sierra. Also known as HFS Plus. FAT—A legacy volume format used by Windows PCs. ExFAT—Created specifically for flash storage drives larger than 32 GB. NTFS—Recent versions of Windows use this as their default native volume format. macOS can read but can't write to or start up from NTFS volumes.
Administrator Account
Administrator user accounts are part of the admin group and are allowed full access to all apps, preferences, and shared resource locations.
What are the types of local user accounts in macOS Big Sur? How are they different?
Administrator—Administrator user accounts are part of the admin group and are allowed full access to all apps, preferences, and shared resource locations. Standard—Standard users are allowed to take advantage of nearly all the resources and features of a Mac, but they generally can't change preferences that might affect other users. Guest—The default guest account is similar to a standard user, but it doesn't require a password. When a guest user logs out, the home folder is deleted, including any home folder items that would normally be saved, such as preference files or web browser history. Sharing only—"Sharing only" accounts share files with someone on a different computer, but that user can't log in to your Mac. System Administrator (root user account)—The System Administrator account has more access to files than administrator user accounts, such as files in user home folders. You can use it to perform tasks that require more privileges than administrator user accounts have. It is turned off by default on macOS. Group—A group account is a list of user accounts that gives you greater control over file and folder access.
Reminders
Apple completely redesigned Reminders in Catalina to give you more ways to stay organized with quick edit buttons for creating or editing reminders.
What are the three conditions that must be met before a standard user account can install a legacy system extension on a Mac with Apple silicon?
Before a standard user account can install a legacy system extension on a Mac with Apple silicon the Security Policy for that macOS must be configured with Reduced Security, and the "Allow user management of kernel extensions from identified developers" checkbox must be selected. Additionally, the legacy system extension must be notarized.
What are the default Startup Security Utility options for Secure Boot and Allowed Boot Media for an Intel-based Mac with the T2 Security Chip?
By default, for an Intel-based Mac with the Apple T2 Security Chip, Secure Boot is set to Full Security, and Allowed Boot Media is set to "Disallow booting from external or removable media."
Notes
Catalina brings a new gallery view to Notes. You can use the improved search feature to find exactly what you're looking for in your notes. You can also share a folder of notes and collaborate with your team, and keep track of tasks using the new checklist options.
How do you install or remove a configuration profile?
Click the notification to open the Profiles preferences. Review the information about the profile, then click Install. When you install the profile, macOS configures the settings contained in the profile. You can remove installed profiles through Profiles preferences.
The four parts of a command string are as follows:
Command name• Command options• Arguments • Extras
Which folder can you use to share a file with another user on the same computer?
Every user has a Dropbox folder, located in their Public folder, that they can use to transfer files to other users. Other users can't add or make changes to the files in your public folder.
What does fast user switching allow you to do?
Fast user switching lets a Mac switch between user accounts without users logging out or quitting apps.
Which feature should you use to find a lost Mac?
Find My helps you find a lost Mac by allowing you to remotely access the Mac computer's Location Services service.
How do you associate a new local user account with a manually migrated or restored user's home folder in macOS?
Follow these steps to associate a new local user account with a manually migrated or restored user's home folder: Copy the restored user's home folder to the /Users folder. Open System Preferences and select Users & Groups. Create a new local user account with the same account name as the user's home folder. You'll be asked to associate the new local user account with the restored home folder.
What are the different macOS Recovery options and startup key combinations for Intel-based Mac computers?
For Intel-based Mac computers, macOS Recovery installs different versions of macOS depending on the startup key combination you use: Command-R—Installs the macOS that was installed on your Mac without upgrading to the latest version. Option-Command-R—Upgrades to the latest macOS that's compatible with your Mac. Option-Shift-Command-R—Installs the macOS that came with your Mac or the version closest to it that's still available.
Activation Lock
For Mac computers with the Apple T2 Security Chip, Activation Lock prevents someone from using your computer if it's ever lost or stolen.
What does the Secure Boot setting of Full Security provide to an Intel-based Mac with the T2 Security Chip?
For an Intel-based Mac with the Apple T2 Security Chip, the Full Security setting ensures that your Mac will start up only from operating systems that are trusted by Apple and are still being signed by Apple.
How does macOS tell you that a software update is available from the App Store?
For software updates, macOS displays an Updates Available notification with an App Store icon when updates are available and ready. In addition, a red badge appears next to the App Store icon. The Mac checks for updates daily. Use the keyboard shortcut Command-R to refresh the list of updates.
How does macOS tell you that a system update is available?
For system updates, macOS displays an Updates Available notification in an alert with a System Update icon. In addition, a red badge appears next to the System Preferences icon. The Mac checks for updates daily. Open the Software Update preferences to refresh the list of available updates.
What do you call the process of applying logic to storage in the form of partitions, containers, and volumes?
Formatting is the process of applying logic to storage in the form of partitions, containers, and volumes.
What is the default partition scheme that Mac computers use?
GUID Partition Map (GPT) is the default partition scheme that Mac computers use.
How do you reinstall macOS from macOS Recovery?
How do you reinstall macOS from macOS Recovery?
Zoom Display
If you have two displays, you can zoom both or keep one at standard resolution and use the other to remain zoomed in.
When does your Mac require you to enter an administrator password before you can access macOS Recovery?
If your Mac has FileVault or Activation Lock turned on, you must provide an administrator password before you can access macOS Recovery.
How do you start up from macOS Recovery on a Mac with Apple silicon?
If your Mac with Apple silicon is turned on, shut down your Mac. Press and hold the power button until you see "Loading startup options." A new screen appears that displays the available startup volumes and an Options icon. Use the arrow keys or the mouse or trackpad to select Options, then press Return or click Continue.
How does resetting a user's account password affect that user's login keychain?
If your login password doesn't match your login keychain password, macOS creates a new empty login keychain for you. macOS sets your new login keychain password to match your login password. The previous login keychain is renamed and archived.
Why don't you see your Library folder in your home folder by default? What does your Library folder contain?
In your home folder, your Library folder is hidden in the Finder by default. Your Library folder includes user-specific preference files, fonts, contacts, keychains, mailboxes, favorites, screen savers, and other app resources.
How does Keychain Access help protect your information?
Keychain Access manages encrypted files that are used to securely save your items. These files are impenetrable unless you know the keychain password. If you forget the keychain password, you lose the file contents forever.
Where are keychain files stored?
Keychain files are stored throughout macOS for different users and resources: A user's login keychain is stored in /Users/username/Library/Keychain/login.keychain-db. Other local keychains are stored in /Users/username/Library/Keychains/others.keychain. A user's Local Items or iCloud keychain (depending on if iCloud keychain is turned on) is stored in /Users/username/Library/Keychains/UUID/. A system keychain with authentication assets that aren't user specific is stored in /Library/Keychains/System.keychain. Examples include Wi-Fi wireless network passwords, 802.1X network passwords, self-signed certificates, and intermediate and root certificate authorities (CAs) that you installed. Most of the items in /System/Library/Keychains/ don't appear by default, with the exception of System Roots, which contains root certificates that Apple provides as part of macOS and are used to identify trusted network services. macOS contains other keychains, but you should leave these files alone unless a trusted source instructs you to access them to resolve an issue.
What types of items can you store in a keychain? 6
Keychains securely store your resource passwords, certificates, keys, website forms, Safari AutoFill information, and secure text notes.
What does Migration Assistant do?
Migration Assistant transfers settings, user accounts, and content from a Mac, Windows computer, or Time Machine backup to your Mac.
Screen Time
Monitor usage, schedule downtime, and set limits for both apps and websites across all your devices.
Which two industry standards that Apple engineered and then shared with the developer community have contributed to the success of macOS?
Multicast domain name server (DNS) for networking and the Swift programming language for writing software are two industry standards that Apple shared with the developer community and have contributed to the success of macOS.
3 apps that replaced itune
Music Podcatst TV
Big Sur System Requirements
OS X Mavericks 10.9 or later 4 GB of memory 35.5 GB of available storage space for an upgrade from macOS Sierra 10.12, or 44.5 GB of available storage space to upgrade from an earlier release Compatible internet service provider Apple ID for some features
Where can you access a guided tour to learn about new macOS Big Sur 11 features and how to navigate your Mac?
See What's New in macOS• New to Mac? Tour the Basics.
Which tool guides you through the initial macOS Big Sur configuration?
Setup Assistant guides you through the macOS Big Sur configuration process.
Standard Account
Standard users are allowed to take advantage of nearly all the resources and features of a Mac, but they generally can't change preferences that might affect other users.
How do you access Startup Security Utility?
Startup Security Utility is available only when you start from macOS Recovery. From the Utilities menu, choose Startup Security Utility.
What's the best way to learn what software is installed on a Mac?
System Information shows all software installed through the App Store or the Installer app, including installations from Apple and third parties.
Which items are always installed, by default, through automatic software updates?
System files and security updates are automatically installed, by default, when they're available.
What does the macOS Installer do with incompatible files and settings during an upgrade
The Install macOS Big Sur app moves incompatible files and settings into a Relocated Items folder in the /Users/Shared folder of your startup volume for review after the upgrade is complete.
System Administrator (root user account)
The System Administrator account has more access to files than administrator user accounts, such as files in user home folders. You can use it to perform tasks that require more privileges than administrator user accounts have. It is turned off by default on macOS.
What is the default shell interpreter in macOS Big Sur?
The Z shell (zsh) is the default shell in macOS Big Sur, but the bash shell is still available.
What is the default file system for all Mac computers running macOS Catalina?
The default file system for all Mac computers is Apple File System (APFS)
Which folders, by default, are contained in a user's home folder? 7
The default folders in a user's home folder include the Desktop, Documents, Downloads, Movies, Music, Pictures, and Public folders.
Guest Account
The default guest account is similar to a standard user, but it doesn't require a password. When a guest user logs out, the home folder is deleted, including any home folder items that would normally be saved, such as preference files or web browser history.
How can you get the macOS installer?
The macOS Installer is free and available in the App Store.3
When you upgrade a Mac with a version of macOS earlier than macOS High Sierra (SSD storage) or Catalina (Fusion or hard disk drives), the startup disk is formatted with macOS Extended (HFS+) Journaled. What happens to the startup disk when you upgrade to macOS Big Sur?
The startup disk is automatically converted to APFS when you upgrade to macOS Catalina.
How do you check your Mac for software updates
To check your Mac for software updates, go to the App Store, click Updates, and click the Update buttons for the app updates that you want to install. Or you can click the Update All button to install all of the updates.
How can you ensure that audio recordings used for Dictation service remain private?
To ensure that your voice recordings remain private, you can manage your Enhanced Dictation settings manually. The Enhanced Dictation option is enabled by default. When you use Enhanced Dictation, your Mac immediately converts what you say into text without sending your dictated speech to Apple. If you turn Enhanced Dictation off or use Siri, what you say and dictate is recorded and sent to Apple to be converted to text. Apple also tracks other information such as your name, nickname, location, and much of the user data sent from your device.
What can you use to troubleshoot macOS installation issues?
To troubleshoot macOS installation issues from the macOS Installer, select the Window menu and then choose Installer Log.
How do you turn on the Stacks feature to organize your desktop?
To turn on Stacks, click the Desktop to make the Finder the active app, then choose Use Stacks from the View menu. You can also Control-click the desktop, then choose Use Stacks.
How do you view account attributes?
To view user account attributes, open the Users & Groups preferences in System Preferences, Control-click a user account, then choose Advanced Options.
Which feature can significantly improve Apple ID security on Mac computers that have iCloud enabled?
Two-factor authentication can improve Apple ID security if iCloud is enabled.
How do you revive or restore a Mac with Apple Silicon?
Use Apple Configurator 2 to revive or restore your Mac with Apple Silicon.
Hover Text
Use Hover Text to zoom in on specific text by holding your pointer over any text on your display then pressing Command. macOS Catalina displays a separate window with large full- resolution text.
What are user account attributes?
User account attributes are the individual pieces of information that define a user account. Examples include user ID, group, account name, full name, login shell, home directory, universally unique ID (UUID), Apple ID, and aliases.
Before you upgrade to macOS Big Sur, you should take these 6steps:
Verify installation requirements. Plug MacBook computers into power. Verify app compatibility. Back up important content. Document network settings. Open Software Update in System Preferences or open the App Store.
Accessibility
Voice Control lets users who don't use traditional input devices control Mac, iPad, and iPhone entirely by voice. New tools allow users with low vision to zoom in on a paragraph of text or the entire screen
If FileVault is turned on and you turn on the option "Allow guests to log in to this computer," what happens when you log in with the guest account?
When FileVault is turned on and you log in with the guest account, your Mac restarts, and Safari is the only app available. When the user with the guest account quits Safari, the guest account home folder is deleted and the Mac restarts.
Which utilities are available when you start up from macOS Recovery?
When you start up from macOS Recovery, you can access the Restore from Time Machine Backup; Install/Reinstall macOS; Get Help Online through Safari; Disk Utility; Startup Disk; Startup Security Utility; and Terminal options and utilities. With Terminal, you can use the resetpassword command to reset a password for a local account. Additionally, for Mac computers with Apple silicon, you can use Share Disk to share files with another Mac that's connected by a USB, USB-C, or Thunderbolt cable.
How does two-factor authentication provide added security to your Apple ID?
With two-factor authentication, your Apple ID account can only be accessed after you approve the sign-in with a device you trust, such as your iPhone, iPad, or Mac.
Can a standard account user install apps and app updates from the App Store?
Yes, standard account users can install apps and app updates from the App Store.
How can you change your local computer account password?
You can change your local account password from the General pane of Security & Privacy preferences or from Users & Groups preferences. In either case, you select Change Password and, in the input pane, you must enter your old password once followed by the new password twice. Finally, select Change Password.
How can you create an external macOS installation disk?
You can create a macOS Recovery disk that includes the macOS Big Sur tools and installation assets with the createinstallmedia command-line tool in the macOS Installer app.
Where can you find system information and repair and warranty coverage information for your Mac?
You can find system information and repair and warranty coverage information for your Mac in the About This Mac window.
Which macOS systemwide and personal settings can you manage in Security & Privacy preferences?
You can manage these macOS systemwide and personal settings in the Security & Privacy preferences: General settings—Provides the option to require a password to wake a Mac from sleep or screen saver mode and to define a delay before this requirement sets in. Also allows you to configure a custom message to show at the login window or when the screen is locked. Advanced settings—Provides the option to require users to automatically log out of accounts after a certain amount of inactivity and to require an administrator password to access systemwide preferences. FileVault settings—Provides the option to enable and configure FileVault. Firewall settings—Provides the option to enable and configure personal network firewall settings.
How can you reset another user's account password in macOS Big Sur?
You can reset other user account passwords if you have access to an administrator account on the Mac. To perform the reset from Users & Groups preferences, you must log in as an administrator, select the user account that you want to change, and click the Reset Password button. Then you must enter and verify the new password.
How can you limit the amount of time that a user account can access apps
You can use Screen Time to manage downtime, app limits, and content and privacy restrictions.
Which tool should you use to set a firmware password for your Intel-based Mac?
You can use Startup Security Utility to set a firmware password for your Intel-based Mac.
Which two built-in macOS Big Sur apps can you use to gather information about storage devices?
You can use both Disk Utility and System Information to gather information about storage devices.
How can you limit the use of Location Services?
You can use the Privacy pane of Security & Privacy preferences to configure app access to Location Services, Contacts, Calendars, Reminders, and social network services. When a new app requests information that's considered personal, macOS asks you for permission.
What are the different types of passwords you can use to secure a Mac? 5 and definitions
You can use these different types of passwords to secure a Mac: Local user account password—Used to log in to your Mac Apple ID and password—For iCloud, iTunes Store, and the App Store Keychain passwords—Protects authentication assets in encrypted keychain files Resource passwords—For email, websites, file servers, apps, and encrypted disk images Firmware password—Prevents your Intel-based Mac from starting up from any disk other than your designated startup disk
What are the seven ways you can unmount and eject a volume or disk from the Finder?
You can use these seven methods to unmount and eject a volume or disk in the Finder: Drag the disk icon to the Trash icon in the Dock. In the Finder sidebar, click the small Eject button next to the volume you want to unmount and eject. Select the disk you want to unmount and eject, go to the menu bar, and choose File > Eject. Select the volume you want to unmount and eject, then choose File > Eject [diskname]. Select the volume you want to unmount and eject, then use the Command-E keyboard shortcut. Select the volume you want to unmount and eject, Control-click, then choose Eject [diskname] from the shortcut menu. Select the disk you want to unmount and eject, click the Action button in the Finder window toolbar (it looks like a gear), and then choose Eject [diskname].
In what situations can you reset a login password with an Apple ID?
You can use your Apple ID to reset your login password if you escrowed your FileVault recovery key with your iCloud account or if your account has the "Allow user to reset password using Apple ID" option selected in the Users & Groups preferences.
In what situation can you reset a login password with a FileVault recovery key?
You can use your FileVault recovery key to reset your login password if you selected "Create a recovery key and do not use my iCloud account" when you turned on FileVault and you have the recovery key. To reset a user's lost account password, you can use the Reset Password assistant available from macOS Recovery with the local user selection option if FileVault and Activation Lock are not turned on.
What options do you have when you delete a local user account?
You have three options when you delete a local user account: • Save the home folder in a disk image.• Leave the home folder unchanged.• Delete the home folder.
What account credentials do you need to change Software Update preferences?
You need administrator account credentials to change Software Update preferences.
Which app should you open to initiate Apple software updates?
You should open the App Store to initiate software updates. The Software Update preferences in System Preferences manage system software updates.
What app should you use to manage keychain settings?
You should use Keychain Access to view and modify most keychain items.
Which key should you use if you want to automatically complete filenames, pathnames, and command names?
You should use the tab key to automatically complete filenames, pathnames, and command names.
When are you asked to enter the firmware password when you set a firmware password for an Intel- based Mac?
You'll see a prompt for a firmware password if you turn on your Intel-based Mac and press a modifier key or keys to change the way the Mac starts up, such as T, D, Command-S, Command-R, or Option. The firmware password prompt appears after you restart or turn on your Intel-based Mac and then immediately press and hold boot modifier keys like Option or Command-R. You release the keys when you see the Apple logo, a spinning globe, or the prompt for a firmware password.
How to access siri
cmd space bar
What are some advantages of using the command-line interface? 7 answers
he command-line interface provides these advantages: Additional administrative and troubleshooting options More access to the file system A remote login using the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol Any administrator can run commands as the system administrator user or root using sudo The ability to automate repetitive tasks using scripting The ability to remotely administer multiple, even thousands, of Mac computers simultaneously using Apple Remote Desktop Man page documentation that provides an explanation of command usage and references to other related commands
What are three security policies for a Mac with Apple silicon?
he three security policies for a Mac with Apple silicon are Full Security, Reduced Security, and Permissive Security.
Signed system volume
macOS Big Sur introduces a cryptographically signed system volume that protects against malicious tampering. It also means that your Mac knows the exact layout of your system volume, allowing it to begin software updates in the background while you work
What new layer of security does macOS Big Sur use to add cryptographic validation of the APFS System volume?
macOS Big Sur introduces the concept of a signed system volume (SSV)
What are two APFS volume roles with macOS Big Sur?
macOS Big Sur uses these two APFS volume roles: • APFS System—A read-only volume for the operating system • APFS Data—A read-write volume for user data
Improved security
macOS Catalina runs in its own read-only volume. The new Find My app combines Find My iPhone and Find My Friends into a single, easy-to-use app. Approve with Apple Watch allows you to double-click the side button on your Apple Watch to authenticate on your Mac.
Which software does the automatic software update method in macOS Big Sur attempt to update?
macOS attempts to update this software:• Updates and upgrades to macOS and software bundled with macOS • Updates to software you obtained from the App Store
The following are the differences between a macOS update, upgrade, install, and reinstall:
macOS update—Installs an incremental update of macOS but doesn't upgrade it to the next major version. macOS upgrade—Installs the next major standalone version. Install—Installs macOS on a volume that doesn't have macOS—for instance, a volume you erased. Reinstall—Installs the same major version of macOS on a disk that already has macOS installed. This overwrites the existing system files but leaves apps, user home folders, and other files in place.
What other types of user accounts can macOS use in addition to local user accounts?
• Network user accounts—Available to multiple Mac computers and stored on a shared directory server such as Active Directory that centralizes identification, authentication, and authorization information. The home folder for a Network user account is usually stored on a network file server. macOS Support Essentials 11 16 Exam Preparation Guide • Mobile user account—A network user account that has been synced with the local user database so that you can use a mobile user account even when your Mac can't contact the shared directory server. The home folder for a mobile user account is usually stored on the startup disk.
macOS Big Sur new features include the following (11)
• New design for refined experience• New Control Center for macOS• Updated Notification Center with notifications and widgets in a single dedicated column • Updated Safari with new privacy reports• Improved Messages• Redesigned Maps• New App Store privacy information• Time Machine improvements• Improved accessibility features• Mac Catalyst improvements
Terminal Command: Print working directory List Change directory Indicate parent directory Indicate current user home folder Create a folder Run the command with root account access clear Terminal Screen Use the Spotlight index to find a file
• Print working directory: pwd• List:ls• Change directory: cd• Indicate parent directory: ..• Indicate current user home folder: ~ • Create a folder: mkdir macOS Support Essentials 11 12 Exam Preparation Guide • Run the command with root account access: sudo • Clear the Terminal screen: clear or press Control-L • Search for files with the Spotlight index: mdfind
