BIO 1 FINAL EXAM
in a solution the H+ is equal to 10 to the negative third m what is the pH of the solution.
3
a newly discovered multi cellular organism obtains food by digesting dead organisms. such an organism is most likely a member of the kingdom_______________
Fungi
which of the following is the source of electrons for the light reactions H2O nadph C6 h-12 o-6 CO2
H2O
the inputs into electron transport are what CO2 ATP and NADPH glucose NAD+ and ADP NAD+ FAD ATP and H2O NADH FADH2 ADP AND O2
NADH FADH2 ADP O2
how does RNA differ from DNA?
RNA contains uracil DNA contains thymine
DNA replication occurs during which part of the cell cycle mitosis G2 S G1 cytokinesis
S
if the OH- in a solution is higher than the H+ than the solution is considered:
a base
what accounts for the different breeds of domesticated dogs natural selection overproduction competition artificial selection
artificial selection
in a hypotonic solution a plant cell will what become turgid become flaccid burst undergo plasmolysis
become turgid
what is the difference between a benign and malignant tumor
benign tumors do not metastasize malignant tumors do
what name is given to substances that resist changes in PH
buffers
the four most common elements found in living organisms are:
carbon oxygen nitrogen and hydrogen
plant cells unlike animal cells are characterized by the presence of a what
cell wall and a central vacuole
glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm in this example the sperm are changing_________ chemical energy into potential energy kinetic energy into potential energy chemical energy into kinetic energy kinetic energy into chemical energy
chemical energy into kinetic energy
what compound is found at the reaction center of a photosystem Chlorophyll B chlorophyll a carotenoids phycobilins
chlorophyll a
which plant organelle is responsible for photosynthesis smooth endoplasmic reticulum ribosome mitochondrion chloroplast
chloroplast
label which letters go with the diagram cholesterol protein non polar region of phospholipid bilayer polar region of phospholipid bilayer
cholesterol is C nonpolar region of the phospholipid bilayer is b polar region of phospholipid bilayer is a protein is d
during metaphase_________ sister chromatids separate chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell centromeres divide the nuclear envelope breaks up
chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
the tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together is called what
cohesion
which of the following is a result of glycolysis production of CO2 conversion of nadh to NAD+ A NET LOSS OF TWO ATP'S PER GLUCOSE MOLECULE conversion of glucose to pyruvic acid
conversion of glucose to pyruvic acid
what name is given to bonds that involve the sharing of electrons
covalent
where in the cell does glycolysis occur endoplasmic reticulum within the fluid just inside the inner mitochondrial membrane cytoplasm between the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane
cytoplasm
enzymes increase the rate of reaction by__________ increasing the temperature of the substrates contributing electrons to the reaction changing the pH of the environment decreasing activation energy
decreasing activation energy
a process is referred to as aerobic if it requires what ATP oxygen carbon dioxide carbohydrates
oxygen
the final electron acceptor of aerobic respiration is what ATP NAD + lactic acid oxygen
oxygen
the act of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is called what phagocytosis ozmosis diffusion exocytosis
phagocytosis
energy is transferred from ATP to other molecules by transferring a_________ heat unit adenosine phosphate group ADP
phosphate group
which of the following elements are found within DNA? phosphorus sodium chlorine calcium
phosphorus
which of the following is an autotroph human mushroom fish pine tree
pine tree
a scientist is studying a group of cardinals in a forest this scientist is studying a: population ecosystem community biosphere
population
the sequence of the amino acids within a protein is called its what Quanternary 4° structure primary structure tertiary 3° structure secondary 2° structure
primary structure
ordinary cell division produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical this type of cell division is important for all of the following functions except asexual reproduction production of sperm and eggs cell replacement growth of a multicellular organism
production of sperm and eggs
when using a microscope to view cells you obtained from under your fingernails, you notice that the cells lack nuclei; therefore, you conclude that the cells must be a type of__________ cell. prokaryotic fungal plant eukaryotic
prokaryotic
during the stage of mitosis the nuclear envelope begins to break down and the spindle apparatus begins to form telophase prometaphase prophase metaphase anaphase
prophase
which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide glucose sucrose starch maltose
starch
A hypothesis is a (an)
tentative answer to a question
osmosis can be defined as what
the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
during telophase_______ the nuclear envelope breaks up chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell sister chromatids become separate chromosomes the events of prophase are reversed
the events of prophase are reversed
why is water considered a polar molecule
the oxygen end of the molecule has a slight negative charge and the hydrogen and has a slight positive charge
what compound directly provides energy for cellular work sugar ATP fat DNA
ATP
what two molecules are produced by the Light reactions and used to power the Calvin cycle CO2 and O2 ATP and nadph g3p and H2O C6 h-12 o-6 and rubp
ATP and nadph
which domain consists of prokaryotic cells?
Bacteria and archaea
what provides the carbon atoms that are incorporated into sugar molecules in the Calvin cycle CO2 ATP rubp G3p
CO2
which of the following is a compound 02 gold carbon CO2
CO2
if one strand of DNA double helix has the sequence AGTACTG, What will be the sequence of the other strand? GTCATGA AGTACTG TCATGAC GACGTCA
TCATGAC
jane goodall has been studying chimpanzee behavior since the early 1960's at times she has used both discovery science and hypothises based science: a) explain the difference between these two types of sciences b)how might she use each of the different types of science in her research?
a) discovery science is largely based on observation. watching, taking notes, etc. Hypothesis based science is creating loosely based theories from the observations that you have made. b)If she is studying chimps, she will start by watching the chimps in their natural habitat; as much as possible, in different conditions; weather, amount of chimps present, how they react with one another and so on. She will then form loosely based theories on what she has gathered. "chimps seem social creatures", "chimps seem to use tools", "are they really using them?" Then she needs to test using experiments.
you eat a meal of pasta with meatballs. the pasta is made up mostly of starch. the meatballs are a combination of lipid and protein: a) when the starch is digested, what monomer is it converted into? b)what is the monomer used for in the cell? c)when the protein is digested, what monomer is it converted into? d)list 2 things that proteins are used for in the cell e)explain the 2 reasons why it is important that biomolecules are designed to be broken into monomers.
a) monosacharide b)energy c)amino acids d)reproduction and ? e) the body cannot absorb biomolecules it needs to be broken down into singulars. Monomers themselves are broken down into different categories that the body uses differently depending on what it is and what it is used for. Then they are put back together in a way the body can digest it.
the region of an enzyme to which a substrate binds is called the _______ site enzymatic inactive substrate active
active
which of the following processes could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell if the substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings? ozmosis active transport diffusion facilitated diffusion
active transport
which of the following organisms use the process of cellular respiration plants fungi animals all organisms use cellular respiration
all organisms use cellular respiration
lysosomes are responsible for what
digestion of organic matter inside the cell
which statement best reflects the difference between the way that energy and chemical nutrients move through an ecosystem both energy and chemical nutrients cycle between the organisms with in the ecosystem and are never lost to the ecosystem chemical nutrients flow through the ecosystem and are lost as heat while energy Cycles between the organisms within the ecosystem energy flows through the ecosystem and is lost as heat while chemical nutrients cycle between the organisms within the ecosystem both energy and chemical nutrients flow through the ecosystem and are lost as heat
energy flows through the ecosystem and is lost as heat while chemical nutrients cycle between the organisms within the ecosystem
substances that plug up an enzyme's active site are what enzyme catalyst enzyme inhibitors enzyme substrate enzyme products
enzyme inhibitors
some elements such as iodine are needed in very small amounts the lack of sufficient amounts of these elements can cause medical conditions such as goiters such elements are called:
essential amino acids
certain cells that line the stomach synthesize a digestive enzyme and secreted into the stomach which of the following processes could be responsible for its secretion? exocytosis passive transport endocytosis phagocytosis
exocytosis
plant cells typically achieve cytokinesis by forming a cleavage Furrow that pinches a cell into two binary fission chromosome elongation chromosome condensation forming a cell plate across the middle of the cell
forming a cell plate in the middle of the cell
a specific stretch of DNA that programs the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is a what Gene enzyme protein nucleic acid
gene
ATP synthase plays a role in what
generating ATP
which of these equations describes aerobic cellular respiration glucose + oxygen ----> carbon dioxide + water + energy glucose ----> lactic acid + energy energy + carbon dioxide + water----->glucose + oxygen + water none of the above
glucose + oxygen----->carbon dioxide + water + energy
animals store carbohydrates as_________
glycogen
the energy of wavelengths that appear______is least useful to photosynthesis orange blue green red
green
adjacent water molecules are joined by ________ bonds
hydrogen
what name is given to the following reaction sucrose + water ----> glucose + fructose
hydrolysis
sometimes when I have my morning coffee which I drink black with no creamer sugar I notice a thin film floating on top of the coffee since I have just read chapter 3 of the text I now realize the nature of the substance and so I run to my friend's grooming look at this_________ in my coffee hydrophilic substance polysaccharide disaccharide hydrophobic substance
hydrophobic substance
lactic acid buildup in muscles is a sign that_______ insufficient oxygen is reaching the muscles respiration is operating effectively aerobic respiration capacity has not been reached the muscles will be able to operate continuously for a long time
insufficient oxygen is reaching the muscles
the bond between oppositely charged ions is a ______ Bond
ionic
the sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in organisms is called___________ hydrolysis metabolism conservation of energy cellular synthesis
metabolism
the cytoskeleton is made up of the cytoskeleton is made up of: fiber is made of carbohydrate phospholipids microtubules and filaments made of protein DNA and protein
microtubules and filaments made of protein
during a race such as a marathon the skeletal muscle cells in your legs use a lot of energy to continually contract and power your muscles what organelle is most likely abundant in skeletal muscle cells
mitochondria
electron transport takes place in the what mitochondria ribosomes chloroplast cytoplasm
mitochondria
one of the stages of cellular respiration is the Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle specifically where does this process occur within the cell list each input into the kreb cycle for each input State specifically where they come from list the outputs of the kreb cycle for each output State specifically where it goes
mitochondria NAD + & adp
the lower the pH of a solution the _________ higher the OH- concentration greater the number of oxygen atoms more acidic the solution less toxic the solution
more acidic the solution
a fat that is hydrogenated is___________ easier to digest more solid less likely to cause Strokes more unsaturated
more solid
the term that Darwin used to describe the concept that those with Superior physical Behavior or other attributes are more likely to survive than those that are not so well endowed and that's are more likely to pass their traits the next generation is called what?
natural selection
an atom's ______ are found in its nucleus
neutrons and protons
which of the following structures manufactures the components of ribosomes nucleus nucleolus endoplasmic reticulum cytoplasm
nucleolus
which of the following are the proper components of the scientific method? observation, question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, results, conclusion question,observation,experiment, analysis, prediction experiment, conclusion, application observation, question, opinion, conclusion, hypothesis
observation, question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, results, conclusion
where does protein synthesis take place
on ribosomes
which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus cell respiration drug detoxification digestion of organic matter inside the cell protein modification
protein modification
enzymes are______ amino acids proteins monosaccharides phospholipids
proteins
all atoms of an element have the same number of what
protons
isotopes of an element have the same number of ______ and different numbers of ______
protons ..... neutrons
over a span of two decades scientists measure changes in the in the beak size of population of Galapagos ground finches this______________ is an example of overproduction is an example of artificial selection LED Darwin to his theory of evolution through natural selection provided evidence of natural selection in action
provided evidence of natural selection in action
movement of electrons through the electron transport chain provides the energy to what create glucose directly create ATP break down glucose pump H+ into the intermembrane space
pump H+ into the intermembrane space
the point of fermentation is to what recreate ADP create O2 recreate NAD + create nadh
recreate NAD+
a protein's function is most dependent on its what pH shape size weight
shape
an enzyme's function is most dependent on its what
shape
a duplicated chromosome consists of two______ centromeres genomes centrosomes sister chromatids
sister chromatids
which of these events occurs during anaphase the nuclear envelope reappears sister chromatids become separate chromosomes the nuclear envelope breaks up chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
sister chromatids become separate chromosomes
sugar dissolves when stirred into water the sugar is ________ the water is _______ and the sweetened water is the _______
solute... solvent.... solution
How do hypotheses differ from theories?
theories are more comprehensive than hypotheses
where are photosystems located stroma mitochondria chlorophyll thylakoid membrane
thylakoid membrane
DNA nucleotides include_____. uracil guanine adenine and cytosine thymine guanine adenine and cytosine thymine uracil adenine and cytosine thymine guanine adenine and uracil
thymine guanine adenine and cytosine
you look under a microscope and observe that all the cells were looking at appear to be the same type of cell you are looking at a: organelle organ system tissue Organ
tissue
what is one reason why plants have accessory pigment molecules like Chlorophyll B and carotenoids to give them different colors to absorb energy and parts of the electromagnetic spectrum that chlorophyll a cannot to reflect more energy because plants cannot make enough chlorophyll a for all of their energy needs
to absorb energy and parts of the electromagnetic spectrum that chlorophyll a cannot
in order to solidify and oil they are converted into____________ olive oil cholesterol trans fats cis fats
trans fats
facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires_________and moves a substance________its concentration gradient
transport proteins........ down
what structures move proteins from the rough ER to the Golgi apparatus
transport vesicles
a glycerol with Three fatty acids attached is referred to as _________ steroid prostaglandin nucleic acid triglyceride
triglyceride
by definition what type of fatty acid has double bonds triglyceride unsaturated steroid saturated
unsaturated