Bio 101- Final Exam TCTC

In order to grow from a zygote to a fetus (or a baby), cells must undergo what type of cell division?

mitosis

A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a

monosaccharide

During drought years on the galapagos, small, easily eaten seeds become rare, leaving moslty large, hard-cased seeds that only birds with large beaks can eat. If a drought persists for several years, what should one expect to result from natural selection?

more small beaked birds dying that larger beaked birds. The offspring produced in subsequent generations have a higher percentage of birds with large beaks.

which of the following correctly completes the statement? If the number of ______ changed, the the atom would be a ________?

neutrons, different isotope

The part of the cell indicated by #9 is the

nucleus

White blood cells engulf bacteria through what process?

phagocytosis

If you want to make DNA from scratch you would first need to synthesize a nucleotide. Which of the following are the correct components of DNA nucleotide?

phosphate group, deoxyribose, thymine

The part of the cell indicated by the #7 is the

plasma membrane

Larger numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?

proteins

One of the key innovations in the evolution of eukaryotes from a prokaryotic ancestor is the endomembrane system. What eukaryotic organelles or features might have evolved as a part of, or as an elabortation of, the endomembrane system?

ribosomes

What cells of your body undergo meiosis?

sex cells in order to produce sperm or eggs

Which of the following organelles synthesizes lipids and detoxifies drugs?

smooth er

Which of the following best describes the function of the organelle labeled 62 in figure 6.1?

storage of water, waste products, other compounds

Two plants are crossed, resulting in offspring with a 3:1 ratio for a particular trait. This suggest

that the parents were both heterozygous

The leading and the lagging strands differ in that

the leading strand is synthesized continuously, whereas the lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments that are ultimately stitched together

What determines the nucleotide sequence of the newly synthesized strand during DNA replication?

the nucleotide sequence of template strand

DNA replication is called semi-conservative because

the two resulting DNA molecules each have one new DNA strand and one old strand from the original DNA molecule.

Why are human sex hormones considered to be lipids ?

they are not soluble in water

Which of the following is correct regarding the substance O=C=O?

this substance is both a molecule and a compound

One possible result of chromosomal breakage is for a fragment of a chromosome to be relocated to a different chromosome. What is this alteration called?

translocation

.9% NaCl is isotonic to red blood cells. What will happen to a red blood cell when it is placed in a 4.0%NaCl solution?

water will move by osmosis the net water movement will be out of the cell

0.9% NaCl is isotonic to red blood cells. If a read blood cell is placed in a solution of 0.02% NaCl what will happen?

water will move into the cell by osmosis

Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of synthesizing large, complex molecules from smaller ones?

anabolism

The cell on the previous page is both

animal and eukaryotic Animal (spherical)

The part of the cell indicated by the #6 is a

golgi apparatus

Guanine makes up 34% of the nucleotides is a samples of DNA from an organism. Approximately what percentage of nucleotides in this sample will be adenine?

16

What is the mass number of an element with 16 neutrons, 17 electrons and a charge of +1?

16n+18p= 34

What is the mass Number of a (hypothetical) element with 24 neutrons, 27 electrons and a charge of -2?

25+24=49

A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5' TGA 3'. the corresponding codon for the mRNA transcribed is

3' ACU 5'

A population of ground squirrels has an annual per capita birth rate of .08 and an annual per capita death rate of .02. Calculate an estimate of the number of individuals added to (or lost from) a population of 1000 individuals in one year.

60 individuals added

Which one of the following point mutations is most likely to have the biggest effect on the final protein product?

A frame-shift mutation at the beginning of the gene

which of the following factors is most likely to make a plasma membrane more fluid?

A greater proportion of unsaturated phospholipids

which of the following is true regarding hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis reactions? A. dehydration reactions assemble polymers and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers B. dehydration reactions eliminate water from lipid membranes and hydrolysis makes lipid membranes water permeable. C. dehydration reactions can occur only after hydrolysis D. hydrolysis creates monomers and dehydration reactions break down polymers

A. dehydration reactions assemble polymers and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers

Which of the following functional groups is found in the above molecule? A. hydroxyl B. amino C. Carboxyl D. Ketone

A. hydroxyl

Based on your knowledge of the polarity of water molecules, the solute molecule depicted above is most likely ___________? A. positively charged B. negatively charged C. without charge D. hydrophobic E. nonpolar

A. positively charged

which of the following is true of hydrogen bonds? A. they occur between water molecules B. they are stronger than covalent bonds C. They from in salts such as NaCl D. They are specific to water and do not occur in any other types of molecules E. The oxygen always has partial positive charge

A. they occur between water molecules

Which of the following are correct?

Activation energy- input of energy required for a chemical reaction to proceed

You put some NaOH, a strong base, in a flask filled with pure water. Which of the following is most likely to be the pH o fthis liquid? A. pH 3.0 B. pH 8.0 C. pH 14.0 D. pH 7.0

B. ph 8.0

A given solution has a ph of 10. which of the following best describes that solution?

Basic; H+ acceptor

Which drawing in the figure above depicts the electron configuration of an atom that is chemically inert?

E, full circles

Which of these is not true regarding the plasma membrane? A.encloses the cell contents B.selectively permeable C.can prevent small lipid soluble molecules from passing into the cells through simple diffusion D. Contains a mosaic of proteins E.regulates membrane transport

C. can prevent small lipid soluble molecules from passing into the cells through simple diffusion

you are examining some unlabeled slides under the microscope. Below is a description of the cells you see on your unknown slides. Which is most likely to be an animal cell? A.single celled organisms that are extremely tine and rod shaped. you are not able to differentiate any cellular organelles but do see flagella B.cells are square shaped and appear to have cell walls C.cells are spherical with what appears to be a thin plasma membrane. you can see a large nucleus and some cytoplasm D.Cells are thich walled and have numerous green structures that you identify as chloroplasts.

C. cells are sperical with what appears to be a thin plasma membrane. you can see a large nucleus and some cytoplaasm

In the above molecule most of the bonds are of what type? A. ionic B. polar single covalent bonds C. nonpolar single covalent bonds D. hydrogen Bonds

C. nonpolar single covalent bonds

Which of the following functional groups is found in the above molecule? A. amino B. carboxyl C. phosphate D. ketone E. aldehyde

C. phosphate

Which of the following is a compound?

CH4

What do substances contain that makes the organic?

Carbon and hydrogen

Which of the following best describes the function of the organelle labeled 61 in figure 6.1?

Converts light energy to chemical energy

Where does glycolysis take place in eukaryotic cells?

Cytoplasm

Which of the following is not a correct monomer/polymer pairing? A.monosaccharide/polysaccharide B. deoxyribonucleotide/DNA C. Ribonucleotide/RNA D. Simple sugars/ DNA

D simple sugars/ DNA

Which of the following is a correct difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? A. PC have membrane bound organelles such as mitochondria B. PC are typically much larger than eukaryotic cells C. EC lack a nucleus D. EC have membrane bound organelles

D. EC have membrane bound organelles

which of the statements below accurately describe ionic bonds? a. in ionic bonding atoms share electrons B. ionic bonds are very weak--much weaker than hydrogen bonds C. ionic bonds can be classified as either single covalent bonds or double covalent bonds D. one atom, the anion, steals one (or more) electrons from the cation

D. one atom, the anion, steals one (or more) electrons from the cation

Which of the following would not be classified as active transport? A. transport of Na+ and K+ against their concentration gradients by the Na+/K+ pump B.Phagocytosis C.Receptor-Mediated endocytosis D.osmosis

D. osmosis

During DNA replication, the enzyme that adds nucleotides at the 3' end using a DNA template strand to pair complementary bases is

DNA polymerase

which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

Dehydration reactions assemble polymers and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers.

which of the following best describes the quaternary structure of protein? A. the sequence of amino acids B. hydrogen bonding between the plypeptide backbone C. interaction between R groups D. either alpha-helix or beta-pleated sheets E. Two or more polypeptide chains come together to form a functional protein

E. two or more polypeptide chains come together to from a functional protein

In regard to water which of the following is the best example of adhesion? A. water molecules cling to each other B. a water strider runs across a pond without breaking the surface C. Island climates tend to be more moderate than those inland D. water spilled on a table form a drop rather than spreading out. E. water molecules cling to the cell walls of plant cells

E. water molecules cling to the cell walls of plant cells

Glycogen the storage form of glucose in animal cells, is a long polymer composed of many glucose (monosaccharide) monomers. How is glycogen classified? A. pentose B. hexose C. monosaccharide D. disaccharide E. plysaccharide

E.polysaccharide

What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

ER-Golgi-Vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

Which of the following is the best summary of the first law of thermodynamics?

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is true?

Enzymes increase the rate of reaction

In meiosis the daughter cells are __________ whereas in mitosis the daughter cells are _________.

Haploid, Diploid

Why does ice float in liquid water?

Hydrogen bonds stabilize and keep the molecules of ice farther apart than the water molecules of liquid water, making ice less dense than liquid water.

In photosynthesis how does ATP synthase obtain the energy to produce ATP?

Hydrogen ions flow down a concentration gradient from the thylakoid space to the stroma through ATP synthase, releasing energy that can be used to produce ATP from ADP+Pi

The concentration of salt inside red blood cells is about .9% (NaCl). what is the tonicity of a 2.0% NaCl Solution

Hypertonic

Which of the following is correct? A. c has 7 protons B. Mg++ has 14 electrons C. Cl- has 17 electrons D. K+ has 18 electrons

K+ has 18 electrons

Of the four main categories of biological molecules, which one is illustrated below?

Lipid ( fused carbon rings)

The molecule above is a monomer of which of the four main categories of biological molecules?

Nucleic Acid

of the four main categories of biological molecules which one functions in the storage and use of genetic material?

Nucleic Acid

Cystic fibrosis affects the lungs, the pancreas, the digestive system, and other organs, resulting in symptoms ranging from breathing difficulties to recurrent infections. Which of the following terms best describes this?

Pleiotropy

Large number of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?

Proteins

A sexually reproducing animal has two unlinked genes (on different chromosomes), one for tail length (T) and one for tail furriness (F). Its genotype is TTFf. which of the following genotypes is possible in a gamete from this organism?

Tf

What is carrying capacity (or K)?

The total population that the environment can support

Which of the following is true of hydrogen bonds

They are weak, Transient bonds.

Which of the following processes does not occur within the nucleus?

Translation

ATP releases energy when

a phosphate is removed

Which statement best describes exocytosis? A.fluid is taken up into vesicles B.material is secreted from the cell C.a macrophage engulfs a bacterium D.ligands bind to receptors and then are brought into the cell

b. material is secreted from the cell

A bacteria cell gives rise to two genetically identical daughter cells by a process known as

binary fission

An increase in atmospheric CO2 would most likely be due to

both A & D A. increase numbers of organisms carrying out cellular respiration D. Increased burning of fossil fuels

A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a

carbohydrate

The four elements that make up 96% of living matter are

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Which of the following is not an abiotic factor that affects the distribution of organisms in their environment?

competition

The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is

complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon

The function of the organelle indicated by #9 on the previous page is

contains most of the DNA of the cell

If the volume of a cell increases, the surface are of the cell will

decrease

The function of the organelle indicated by #8 on the previous page is

detoxify drug and poisons (smooth er)

Facilitated diffusion across plasma membrane is called passive transport because it

does not require energy from the cell

Simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it

does not require energy from the cell

Segregation of alleles occurs

during gamete formation

DNA replication occurs

during the S phase of interphase

Which of the following levels of organization is arranged in the correct sequence from most to least inclusive?

ecosystem, community, population, organism

A change in the genetic composition of a population over time is

evolution

Which of the following is not a correct monomer/polymer pairing?

fatty acids/lipids

If the volume of a cell increases, the surface area of the cell will

increase to a lesser degree

A strong base like NaOH

increases the pH when added to an aqueous solution.

Natural Selection is based on all of the following except

individuals adapt to their environments and thereby evolve

Molecules that have the same number of atoms of the same elements but different structures are termed

isomers

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the chemical reaction illustrated above?

it results in peptide bond

Of the four biological molecules which one is illustrated above?

lipid

What types of substances pass most readily into a cell by simple diffusion

lipid soluble

what types of substances pass most readily into a cell?

lipid soluble