BIO 1013 A&P2 Heart and Blood Vessels Chap 20,21 Test

Figure 20-1 The Heart Use Figure 20-1 to answer the following questions: Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit? #16 left atrium

# 16 left atrium

Name two hormones that directly increase blood volume

1. ADH 2. Aldosterone

During ventricular systole, the

AV valves are closed

The first heart sound is heard when the AV valves close

AV valves close

When the semilunar valves close, the AV valves then open.

Open

epicardium (visceral pericardium)

Serous membrane covering the heart; Adipose in thick layer in some places; Coronary blood vessels travel through this layer

Vickie has a tumor that secretes excess amounts of the hormone aldosterone. Because of the elevated level of hormone, she exhibits

both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ion.

Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries? both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure

both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries

When carotid and aortic baroreceptors slow their discharge,

both heart rate and stroke volume increase

The long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to . calcium channels remaining open.

calcium channels remaining open.

When a blood clot forms on a ruptured plaque in a coronary artery, the condition is referred to as a(n) coronary thrombosis.

coronary thrombosis

Resistance is a force that

decreases blood flow

The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from depolarization of the atria.

depolarization of the atria.

The visceral pericardium is the same as the epicardium.

epicardium

The structure that permits blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal circulation is the foramen ovale.

foramen ovale.

Which of the following conditions is least likely to lead to renin release?

hypertension

The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow in one direction only.

in one direction only

A heart murmur might be caused by- All of the answers are correct.

swirling of blood in the ventricle. mitral valve insufficiency. aortic valve insufficiency. pulmonic valve insufficiency. All of the answers are correct.

An abnormal first heart rate , over 100 beats per minute is called __________ tachycardia

tachycardia

Of the following arteries, the one that is an elastic artery is the subclavian artery.

the subclavian artery.

The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the

tunica media

Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood? veins

veins

After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the venules

venules

Factors that decrease blood pressure

vessel elasticity blood volume blood viscosity plasma epinephrine parasympathetic stimulation

Venous valves are responsible for

channeling blood toward the heart

The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to chordae tendineae.

chordae tendineae

The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the

concentration of plasma proteins

Capillaries that have a complete lining are called continuous capillaries

continuous capillaries

The ________ deliver(s) blood to the myocardium. coronary arteries

coronary arteries. The _coronary arteries _ deliver(s) blood to the myocardium.

Name three hormones that act as vasoconstrictors

1. epinephrine 2. angiotensin II 3. vasopressin

If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be ________ mm Hg. 100

100 HINT: Pulse-Pressure PP = S - D MEAN - ALTERIAL PRESSURE (MAP) MAP Diastolic Pressure + 1/3rd pulse-pressure then calculate arterial pressure S - D 120/90 PP= 120 - 90 = 30 ( 1/3) ( 1/3 of 30 =10) D + 1/3 MAP = 90 +10 = 100

The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart. 1. Purkinje fibers 2. AV bundle 3. AV node 4. SA node 5. bundle branches

4, 3, 2, 5, 1 4. SA node 3. AV node 2. AV bundle 5. bundle branches 1. Purkinje fibers

List in correct order the sequence of blood vessels that blood would travel in the systemic circuit starting at the aorta. 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6

4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6 4. elastic arteries 7. muscular arteries 2. arterioles 3. capillaries 1. venules 5. medium veins 6. large veins

Which of the following descriptions matches the term near the left fifth intercostal space? Apex of heart

A) apex of heart

Artery is to ________ as vein is to ________. efferent; afferent

A) efferent; afferent

right atrium receives blood from. All answers are correct

All answers are correct. The right atrium is one of four chambers in the hearts of mammals and archosaurs. It receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior venae cavae, the coronary sinus, and the anterior and smallest cardiac veins, and pumps it into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. Attached to the right atrium is the right atrial appendage.

Edema may occur when All of the answers are correct

All of the answers are correct endothelial permeability goes up. capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated. the plasma concentration of protein is reduced. blood pressure is high.

Which of the following affects blood flow through the body turbulence vascular resistance vessel diameter blood viscosity All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct. turbulence vascular resistance vessel diameter blood viscosity

The right atrium receives blood from the inferior vena cava. coronary sinus. superior vena cava. systemic circuit. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct. It receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior venae cavae, the coronary sinus, and the anterior and smallest cardiac veins, and pumps it into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. Attached to the right atrium is the right atrial appendage.

Arteriosclerosis can lead to coronary artery disease. myocardial infarction. stroke. hypertension. All of the answers are correct

All of the answers are correct. coronary artery disease. myocardial infarction. stroke. hypertension.

Arrange the structures in the following list in the order that blood will encounter as it flows from the output side to the input side of the cardiovascular flow circuit. 1. venules 2. arterioles 3. capillaries 4. elastic arteries 5. medium veins 6. large veins 7. muscular arteries

Answer 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6 4. elastic arteries 7. muscular arteries 2. arterioles 3. capillaries 1. venules 5.medium veins 6. large veins

Blood pressure increases with all of the following, except increased parasympathetic innervation

Blood pressure increases with all of the following, peripheral resistance. blood volume. cardiac output. force of cardiac contraction EXEPT parasympathetic innervation

________ is to slow heart rate as ________ is to fast heart rate. Bradycardia; tachycardia

Bradycardia; tachycardia Bradycardia is to slow heart rate as _tachycardia is to fast heart rate.

Each of the following factors would increase cardiac output, except increased blood concentration of glucose

Each of the following factors would increase cardiac output, decreased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. increased venous return. increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart. stimulation of the heart by epinephrine EXEPT increased blood concentration of glucose

Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance, except vasodilation

Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance, elevated levels of epinephrine. increased sympathetic stimulation. elevated hematocrit. irregularities in the vessel walls caused by plaques. EXEPT vasodilation

Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure, except increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).

Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure, increased levels of ADH (antidiuretic hormone). increased levels of aldosterone. increased blood volume. increased levels of angiotensin II EXEPT increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).

Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure, except release of renin

Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure, decrease in blood volume. decreased peripheral resistance. decreased levels of aldosterone. increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide). EXEPT release of renin

Compared to arteries, veins

Have thinner walls, carry blood under lower pressure, may be closer to the surface of the skin

Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following, except inhibition of EPO secretion

Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following, increased thirst and water intake. activation of aldosterone secretion. uptake of interstitial fluid due to reduced capillary pressure. activation of ADH secretion EXEPT inhibition of EPO secretion.

A left bundle block would have a wider than normal wave for the QRS

QRS

Abnormal slow depolarization of the ventricles would most change the shape of the ______ QRS complex

QRS complex

Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the

QRS complex

Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the QRS Complex

QRS complex

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure. pulse

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the __Pulse__ pressure.

tunica media

The middle and thickest layer of tissue of a blood vessel wall, composed of elastic tissue and smooth muscle cells that allow the vessel to expand or contract in response to changes in blood pressure and tissue demand.

The right pulmonary veins carry ________ blood to the ________ . oxygenated; left atrium

The right pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood to the left atrium.

Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following, except the osmolarity of interstitial fluids.

Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following, blood vessel diameter. turbulence. blood viscosity. length of a blood vessel. EXEPT osmolarity of interstitial fluids.

What vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply

Vein

Blood pressure is lowest in the Veins

Veins

The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called Veins

Veins

End-systolic volume is defined as the

amount of blood remaining in a ventricle after contraction

Factors that increase blood pressure

arterial diameter stroke volume blood volume total vessel length plasma ADH sympathetic stimulation

Clinically, the term blood pressure usually refers to arterial pressure

arterial pressure Is a clinically term blood pressure

What vessels contain elastic fibers in the walls that are stretched during systole

arteries

The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the

arterioles

The inferior vena cava is classified as a(n) large vein

large vein

Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the left atrium.

left atrium

Blood is supplied to the left atrium by the left coronary artery.

left coronary artery. Blood is supplied to the left atrium by the left coronary artery

Identify the structure labeled "19." pulmonary semilunar valve

pulmonary semilunar valve

Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the ________. lungs

lungs

The coronary sulcus is a groove that marks the border between the atria and ventricles.

marks the border between the atria and ventricles.

In the middle of the thoracic cavity is a region occupied by the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea called the mediastinum. .

mediastinum.

Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased

parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.

Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems. reduces; increases

reduces; increases Venoconstriction _reduces_ the amount of blood within the venous system, which increases the volume in the arterial and capillary systems.

The right ventricle pumps blood to the right and left lungs. .

right and left lungs

Coronary veins empty into the : right atrium.

right atrium.

The marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch are branches of the right coronary artery.

right coronary artery.

Which of the following are involved in the pulmonary circuit? right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, left atrium

right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, left atrium

Elevated levels of the hormones ANP and BNP will produce increased

salt and water loss through the kidneys

The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in

sinoatrial node (SA node)