BIO 102 - Ch 19 SMARTBOOK

The bones that are NOT colored blue (the bone colored bones) in the image are classified in the _____ skeleton.

appendicular

The bones within the pectoral and pelvic girdles and their attached limbs comprise the ____ skeleton.

appendicular

The bones colored blue in the image are classified in the _____ skeleton.

axial

The ____ skeleton is in the midline of the body and the ____ skeleton consists of the limbs with their girdles.

axial; appendicular

In the adult human, flat bones of the skull, ribs, sternum, vertebrae and the pelvis produce ____ cells and in the fetus all bones do this.

blood

Identify the three primary connective tissues of the skeleton.

bone dense fibrous connective tissue cartilage

During endochondral ossification, ____ tissue is changed into ____ tissue.

cartilage; bone

Identify the three main types of joints.

cartilaginous synovial fibrous

The majority of the ATP ____ ____ needed for muscle contraction comes from which takes place in the mitochondria.

cellular respiration

Identify all of these that are considered a part of the appendicular skeleton.

clavicles carpals femur

Highly organized bone tissue that is composed of tubular units called osteons is called ____ bone

compact

Which bone tissue consists of units called osteons?

compact bone

Bone, cartilage, and dense fibrous ____ tissues are the tissues of the skeletal system.

connective

The skull consists of the ____, which protects the brain, and the facial bones.

cranium

Identify all of these that comprise the skull.

cranium facial bones

The bones of the ____ protect the brain. The rib cage, thoracic vertebrae, and sternum protect the ____ and lungs.

cranium; heart

The articulation between two bones of the skeleton is called a

joint

How are the bones of the forearm and shin classified?

long bones

Bones are classified by their shape. The four major groups of bones are: ____, ____, ____, and ____ .

long; short; flat; irregular

Which of the following contain sockets for teeth? (Mark all that apply)

mandible maxillae

The upper jaw consists of the ____, and the ____ forms the chin and lower jaw.

maxilla; mandible

Bone removed from the knee joint during knee replacement is replaced with

metal or ceramic.

Cardiac, skeletal, and smooth are three types of ____tissue.

muscle

At a neuromuscular junction, a motor ____ fiber stimulates a ____ fiber.

nerve; muscle

Mark all of these that form the pectoral girdle.

scapula clavicle

Select the characteristics that are used in naming muscles from the list below. (Mark all that apply)

shape of muscle direction muscle moves size of muscle action of muscle location of muscle number of attachments

An air space in a cranial bone is called a

sinus.

Which type of tissue has alternating light and dark bands, giving it a striated appearance as shown in the image?

skeletal muscle

The three major muscle types in the human body are ____ muscle, ____ muscle, and ____ muscle.

skeletal; smooth; cardiac

The foramen magnum is a large opening through which the ____ ____ passes and connects with the ____ stem.

spinal cord; brain

What bones contain openings that lead to the middle ears?

temporal

Beginning at the neck and descending, place the following regions of the vertebral column in the correct order.

1. cervical 2. thoracic 3. lumbar 4. sacral 5. coccyx

At what age do the fontanels typically become ossified, forming sutures?

2 years

Match the letters from the figure and components of bone with their description.

A - Lacuna = Tiny chamber where osteocytes are located B - Concentric lamellae = Rings of compact bone surrounding the central canal C - Central canal = Site of blood and lymphatic vessels, as well as nerves D - Osteon = Tubular unit of compact bone

Match the parts of a long bone as shown in the image.

A = Articular cartilage B = Growth plate C = Spongy bone D = Compact bone E = Medullary cavity

Identify the five regions of the vertebral column.

A = Cervical B = Thoracic C = Lumbar D = Sacral E = Coccyx

Identify these bones of the pectoral girdle and upper limb.

A = Clavicle B = Scapula C = Humerus D = Radius E = Ulna

Identify these muscles of the shoulder and upper limb.

A = Deltoid B = Biceps brachii C = Flexor carpi group D = Flexor digitorum

Match the muscles of the shoulder and upper limb to the letters on the figure.

A = Deltoid B = Triceps brachii C = Extensor carpi group D = Extensor digitorum

Match the components of a long bone as shown in the figure.

A = Diaphysis B = Medullary cavity C = Periosteum D = Blood vessel E = Epiphysis

Identify the bones of the inferior view of this skull.

A = Maxilla B = Palatine bone C = Vomer D = Temporal bone

Identify the bones and markings on the lateral view of the skull. Instructions

A = Nasal bone B = Lacrimal bone C = Temporal bone D = Maxilla E = Styloid process F = External auditory canal G = Occipital bone

Match the following components of compact bone with the letters in the figure.

A = Osteocyte in lacuna B = Concentric lamellae C = Central canal D = Osteon

Identify the bones in this lateral view of the skull.

A = Parietal bone B = Frontal bone C = Sphenoid bone D = Ethmoid bone E = Zygomatic bone F = Mandible

Identify these bones of the upper limb.

A = Radius B = Ulna C = Carpals D = Metacarpals E = Phalanges

Match the components of the rib cage from the figure.

A = True ribs B = False ribs C = Floating ribs D = Sternum E = Costal cartilages

Identify the bones and markings on the inferior view of the skull.

A = Zygomatic bone B = Sphenoid bone C = Foramen magnum D = Occipital bone

Cellular respiration provides most of the ____ for muscle contraction.

ATP

Identify the connective tissue in which the cells lie within lacunae embedded in a flexible, proteinaceous matrix.

Cartilage

True or false: The sinuses in the cranial bones of the skull function to protect the brain and cranial nerves.

False

Lacunae are tiny chambers where bone cells called ____ can be found.

Osteocyte

Match the following cranial bones with the correct description.

Parietal bone = Forms the sides of the skull Frontal bone = Forms the forehead Occipital bone = Forms the base of the skull Temporal bone = Located below the parietal bones

Match the characteristic used to name muscles on the left with the correct example on the right.

Size = gluteus maximus Shape = deltoid Location = tibialis anterior Direction of fibers = transverse abdominis Number of attachments = triceps brachii Action = adductor longus

Alternating light and dark bands give ____ muscle its striated appearance.

Skeletal

Match the letters from the image with the bone structure to which they correspond

a = Canaliculi b = lacuna c = osteocyte d = nucleus

The neurotransmitter that is released at a neuromuscular junction is called

acetylcholine

Identify the two types of fibers found in cartilage.

elastic collagenous

Bone formation from a cartilage model as shown in the figure is called

endochondral ossification.

During knee replacement, bone is removed from the bottom of the ____ bone and the top of the ____ bone.

femur; tibia

The three types of joints in the human body are

fibrous cartilaginous synovialibrous

A "soft spot" on the skull of a newborn is also called a(n) _____.

fontanel

The opening in the occipital bone of the skull through which the spinal cord passes is called the ____ ____

foramen; magnum

A muscle's _______ is on the bone that moves.

insertion

The portion of a muscle that is attached to the stationary bone is called the ____ , and the ____ of a muscle is on the bone that moves.

origin; insertion

The portion of the human skeleton that provides support and attachment for the upper limbs is the

pectoral girdle

During muscle contraction, what occurs as an immediate result of ATP binding myosin?

the myosin head attaches to an actin filament

Mark all of these that are components of the rib cage.

thoracic vertebrae sternum ribs