Bio 102 Midterm

The endoskeleton functions in: protecting the body. movement. All answers are correct. supporting the body. production of blood cells.

All answers are correct.

Joint

An area where two bones meet.

The bones of your hand are part of the ___, whereas your backbone is part of the____.

Appendicular skeleton; axial skeleton.

From the groups listed, which are characterized by unicellular, prokaryotic organisms? Eukarya, Archaea, Fungi, Protista, Bacteria.

Archaea and bacteria.

Skeletal Muscle

Elongated cells with multiple nuclei, attached to bones, striated cells voluntary contraction.

Ovaries produce egg cells and hormones; these organs therefore belong to the ____ systems.

Endocrine and reproductive.

Which has its primary effect on the brain's receptor: endorphins, ADH, FSH and LH, oxytocin.

Endorphins.

The type of skeleton composed of calcium rich-spines, cartilage or bone is a(n)

Endoskeleton.

The type of skeleton that is an internal support: structure is a(n) endoskeleton. exoskeleton.

Endoskeleton.

Which of the following is NOT a hormone produced in the anterior pituitary? Epinephrine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone.

Epinephrine.

Plants store _____ as the polysaccharide_____.

Glucose, starch.

One property that distinguishes cells in the Domain Eukarya from those in Domain Bacteria is the presence of...

Membrane-bounded organelles.

The layered membranes that jacket the central nervous system are the...

Meninges.

Which of the following organelles does not belong to the endomembrane system? Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosome

Mitochondria.

All of the following are characteristics of life EXCEPT: evolution, reproduction, homeostasis, multicellularity

Multicellularity.

Muscle tissue is made up of what type of cells?

Muscle fibers.

What is transported from a neuron, through the synaptic cleft, and received by the receptors of another cell?

Neurotransmitter.

Would an insulin injection help a person with type 2 diabetes?

No, because the target cells do not respond to insulin.

Type 2 diabetes is strongly associated with...

Obesity.

A disorder of the axial skeleton in which the vertebral column curves to the side is known as...

Scoliosis.

Which classes of neuron would you expect to find in the peripheral nervous system?

Sensory neurons and motor neurons.

Why are cells considered to be the smallest unit of life?

Because as cell is the smallest thing that carries out all of the functions of life.

Cells are small...

Because their volume is limited by cell surface area.

Hormones

Biochemicals produced in a gland that travel through the blood stream and alter the metabolism of specific target cells.

The function of a ligament is to connect...

Bone to bone.

Cardiac Muscle

Branched cells, short striated cells with one nucleus, short cells involuntary contract.

Lysosomes

Break down food, bacteria, and damaged organelles.

The difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell is that ___ is contained by the nucleus in the eukaryotic cell but uncontained in the prokaryotic cell.

DNA.

Some cells of the central nervous system are located in the

Spinal cord.

Which is not a part of the appendicular skeleton?: femur sternum humerus pelvic girdle

Sternum.

______ are used to lift a cup to your mouth, and ______ are used to lower the cup back onto the table.

The biceps; the triceps.

Synapses

The junctions between one neuron and another neuron.

A cell membrane is said to be a fluid mosaic becuase

The membrane is made of lipids and proteins that can move.

Can a theory be proved wrong?

Yes, a new observation or interpretation of data could disprove a theory.

When you snuggle into bed, at first you feel the weight of the blanket on your body. Soon, however, you become unaware of the covers. What has happened?

You skin's touch receptors adapted to the feeling of the blankets.

Which of the following scenarios does NOT illustrate negative feedback? a.)In childbirth, contractions stimulate the release of oxytocin, which provokes more contractions. b.)Body temperature climbs so high that a person begins to sweat, which cools the body. c.)The salt concentration in blood is too high, so the kidneys eliminate salt in urine. d.)Eating a meal causes a rise in blood sugar, which stimulates the pancreas to release insulin.

a.)In childbirth, contractions stimulate the release of oxytocin, which provokes more contractions.

Which of the following organelles are associated with the job of cellular digestion: a.)Lysosomes and peroxisomes b.)Golgi apparatus and vesicles c.)Nucleus and nucleolus d.)Smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum

a.)Lysosomes and peroxisomes.

Which of the following is NOT a feature found in all cells? a.)Proteins b.)Ribosomes c.)Cell wall d.)Cell membrane.

c.)Cell wall.

Smooth muscle is different from skeletal muscle because a.)smooth muscle contraction is involuntary b.)skeletal muscle is striated (striped) c.)smooth muscle contains sliding protein filaments d.)both a and b are correct

d.) Both a and b are correct.

Which of the following features do all types of connective tissue share? a.)the formation of a solid connection between two other tissue types b.)the presence of cells c.)the presence of an extracellular matrix d.)both b and c are correct.

d.) Both b and c are correct.

A hydrostatic skeleton a.)Occurs in multiple types of invertebrates b.)Is filled with fluid c.)Changes shape due to muscle contractions d.)All of the above are correct

d.)All of the above are correct.

How do bones interact with blood? a.)Bone marrow produces blood cells b.)Bones absorb excess calcium from blood c.)Bones release phosphorus to blood d.)All of the above are correct

d.)All of the above are correct.

How does the integumentary system influence homeostasis? a.)By preventing water loss b.)By sensing external temperature c.)By preventing infection d.)All of the above are correct.

d.)All of the above are correct.

Exoskeletons differ from endoskeletons in a.)Their ability to protect an animal from the outside b.)Their ability to grow along with an organism c.)Their function as a framework for muscle attachment. d.)Both a and b are correct.

d.)Both a and b are correct.

Treatment for high blood pressure often involves the use of medication that alters blood volume. Which of the following treatments would decrease a person's blood volume? a.)Increase in release of thyroid-stimulating hormone b.)Inhibition of follicle-stimulating hormone c.)Activation of prolactin synthesis d.)Inhibition of antidiuretic hormone.

d.)Inhibition of antidiuretic hormone.

The inner layer of skin is composed of ___, whereas the outer layer is ____.

dermis; epidermis.

The digestive system interacts most closely with the ____ system.

Circulatory.

What is a second messenger?

A molecule that initiates a hormone's effects.

A glycerol bonded to three fatty acids each containing the maximum number of hydrogen is....

A saturated fat.

Glucocorticoids are secreted by the

Adrenal glands.

The cells of epithelial tissue must ____ to function properly.

Attach tightly to one another.

Which division of the nervous system would be responsible for a rapid heartbeat?

Autonomic and sympathetic.

Because plants extract nutrients from soil and use sunlight as an energy source, they are considered to be...

Autotrophs.

If you wanted to study the part of a neuron which carried electrical signals away from the cell body, you would look for what part?

Axon.

Besides thyroxine, the thyroid gland also produces

Calcitonin.

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius is a...

Calorie.

The function of ____ in plants and animals is to provide energy and structure.

Carbohydrates.

In both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, the ____ functions to regulate transport in to and out of the cell...

Cell membrane.

Which of the following represents the correct order of organization of an animal's body? cells; organs; organ systems; tissues cells; tissues; organ systems; organs tissues; cells; organs; organ systems cells; tissues; organs; organ systems

Cells; tissues; organs; organ systems

The part of the human brain involved in coordinating muscle movements is the...

Cerebellum.

When you smell cookies, which is being activated: chemorecptor, pain receptor, mechanoreceptor, thermoreceptor?

Chemoreceptor.

What is the function of an axon?

Conduction of an impulse away from the cell body.

Blood is an example of what type of tissue?

Connective.

A human nerve cell that has an abnormal shape most likely has a defective...

Cytoskeleton.

Which of the following statements is true: Two of the three domains contain eukaryotes. The three main branches of life are animals, plants, and fungi. Humans and plants share the same domain. Two species of the same genus can be in a different domain.

Humans and plants share the same domain.

Lipids are a diverse group of biological molecules but united in that they all are hydro____, which means they hate water.

Hydrophobic.

The type of skeleton that consists of fluid constrained within a layer of flexible tissue is a(n)

Hydrostatic skeleton.

In an experiment to test the effect of temperature on the rate of bacteria reproduction, temperature would be the...

Independent variable.

An endocrine gland releases its product directly...

Into the circulatory system.

What is the likely effect of a loss of myelin along an axon?

It causes the action potential to slow down.

What is the role of a placebo in medical research?

It is given to some patients as a control.

Which would be the primary target for ADH: pancreas, ovaries, testes, kidney, mammary gland?

Kidney.

The adrenal glands are located "on top" of the...

Kidneys.

Appendicular Skeleton

Knee cap, ankle bone, hand.

Secretion of melatonin is regulated by

Light.

Smooth Muscle

Lining of muscle, spindle-shaped cells with one nucleus.

Which of the following lists is ordered from smallest to largest: cell<tissue<organelle<individual<community community<population<ecosystem<biosphere organelle<cell<organ<individual<population individual<ecosystem<community<bioshpere

Organelle<cell<organ<individual<population.

Eukaryotic cells are different than prokaryotic cells in that the cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cell includes many specialized membrane-bound compartments called...

Organelles.

Which property of life can a scientist directly observe in a single plant fossil?

Organization.

The endocrine that produces hormones that regulate blood glucose levels in the

Pancreas.

The effect of a water-soluble peptide hormone such as insulin is generally quicker than that of a steroid hormone such as estrogen because...

Peptide hormones exert changes using molecules already present in the target cell and steroid hormones trigger the synthesis of new proteins.

Within a single cell, which of the following is physically the smallest? Nuclear envelope, phospholipid molecule, cell membrane, mitochondrion

Phospholipid molecule.

When you look at the water, which is being activated: photoreceptor, chemorecptor, pain receptor, mechanoreceptor, thermoreceptor?

Photoreceptor.

The endocrine gland that produces melatonin is the

Pineal Gland.

Which of the following is NOT among the structures that protects the central nervous system? Meninges, vertebrae, pons, cerebrospinal fluid.

Pons.

What cellular process is involved in the production of milk-specific mRNA molecules?

Protein synthesis.

Which is not a function of skeletal muscles:? pump blood through the heart yell a command kick a ball produce heat to keep the body warm

Pump blood through the heart.

How do hormones recognize their target cells?

Receptor molecules on the cell surface.

If researches develop a new drug that blocks testosterone receptors, a likely effect is a...

Reduction in sperm production.

Evolution through natural selection will occur most rapidly for populations of plants that...

Reproduce sexually and live in an unstable environment.

Axial Skeleton

Rib, skull.

After death, muscles remain in a stiff position for several hours. This stiff position is called...

Rigor mortis.

Which of the following does NOT contain its own DNA? Nucleus, chloroplasts, rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion

Rough endoplasmic reticulum.

When you feel the sun on your skin, which is being activated: chemorecptor, pain receptor, mechanoreceptor, thermoreceptor?

Thermoreceptor.

Which of the following is not one of the special senses: touch, hearing, vision, taste, smell?

Touch.

What is the function of hair cells in the cochlea?

Transduce sound waves into neural impulses.

In both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, proteins are built at the ribosomes.

True.

Pheromones

Volatile chemical substances that elicit specific responses in other members of the same species.

Which of the following questions can NOT be answered using the scientific method: What was the first living organism on earth? Does a particular gene influence aging in mice? How does migration affect the reproductive success of monarch butterflies? How does coastal development affect wetland biodiversity?

What was the first living organism on Earth?

Which of the following statements correctly describes a difference between the endocrine and nervous systems? a.)The nervous system uses hormones; the endocrine system uses neurotransmitters. b.)Only the endocrine system uses chemicals to send the signals between cells. c.)Nervous signals typically act more rapidly than endocrine signals. d.)An endocrine signal typically affects fewer cells than a nervous signal.

c.)Nervous signals typically act more rapidly than endocrine signals.