Bio 103 final review

a small artery just before a capillary

arterioles

Osteocytes are specialized cells found in

bone

air that is entering the lungs has a_________ air in an alveolus

higher concentration of oxygen and a lower concentration of carbon dioxide than...

typically, where ever the artery goes, a vein return from that location

true

pressure measurement of arteries when the heart is contracting or relaxing

120/80

the pulmonary__________ carries_________ blood from the heart to the lungs

artery; oxygen-poor

it is a good design for the blood vessels going to the lungs to bifurcate(split) into many, many, many________ so there can be good opportunity for gas exchange

capillaries

site of substantial o2-co2 exchange

capillaries

which tissue type is responsible for reducing friction within joints

cartilage

the spinal chord is part of the______ nervous system

central

which of the following processes is NOT a function of nephrons?

diffusion of oxygen into body cells

the "outside" layer of your skin

epidermis

can be a site of high rates of mitosis

epiphyseal growth plates

If the glomerulus remained intact but other capillaries were not in close physical contact with nephrons, which of the following functions would NOT be lost?

filtration of plasma

Food passing through our digestive tract would contain the fewest nutrients when it reaches the _________ , which is responsible for the absorption of water

large intestine

one of the most common knee injuries is the tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), how would an injury like this affect the knee

ligaments hold the bones of the knee in the proper orientation. tearing the ligament could disrupt the alignment of the knee, making the knee difficult to bend

which of the following sensory receptor types has NOT been identified in humans

magnetorecptor

During muscle contraction

myosin filaments slide (crawl) along actin filaments

Site of mastication

oral cavity

Site of egg production

ovary

which of the following sequences correctly describes the journey of a molecule of oxygen from the pharynx to an alveolus

pharynx to trachea to bronchus to bronchiole to alveolus

you wake up and notice the alarm clock is displaying 4:00 AM, smile to yourself and go back to sleep

photoreceptors

the liquid part of blood, exclusive of blood cells and platelets

plasma

play a major role in directing blood flow

pre capillary sphincters

the function of chewing food is to

provide mechanical digestion and increases the surface area of the food for further digestion

valuable solutes, such as glucose and small proteins, that enter a nephron are______ by the nephron tubule

reabsorbed

Pacemaker of the heart

sinoatrial node

organ involved in vitamin D production

skin

equivalent to oviduct in female

stomach lining

at high altitudes, gasses are less concentrated. a person at a high altitude might gasp for air because

the amount of oxygen that could diffuse into his or her pulmonary blood will be decreased

as you take this exam, which part of your brain is helping you decide which answer

the cerebral cortex

Anatomically, you can distinguish between the nephron of a human, a beaver and a kangaroo rat by measuring...

the length of nephron

After certain knee injuries, patients experience a swelling because of an accumulation of fluid within the knee. This condition is referred to as "water on the knee." Which of the following is a likely source of this fluid?

the synovial sac

you dive into a motel swimming pool and realize (too late) the pool is not heated

thermoreceptors

lymph ducts

tissue that inflames when. your neck "glands" are swollen

Astronauts dont burp while in space

true

relatively thin-walled and contain valves to stop circulatory back flow

veins

part of the axillary system

vertebral column

which of the following is a characteristic of an organ tissue used for gas exchange

very thin, moist surfaces

during the 28-day menstrual cycle there are significant changes in the levels of various reproductive- related hormones in a woman's blood. this is an example of homeostasis losing control of regulating such hormones

False

in most fertilizations the resulting zygote receives half its mitochondria from mom and half from dad

False

A couple who engages in frequent sex, is safe from from unplanned pregnancy if the male properly wears a condom

False, abstinence is key

Under normal conditions the human egg is normally fertilized when it reaches the the "uterus" at which point it will implant on the uterine lining

False, the Fallopian tube

the skeleton of a 5'8" male can be distinguished from the skeleton of a 5'8" female by counting the numbers of ribs in the rib cage

False, you can tell by the growth plates

How do living systems "know" the appropriate temperature or water content within that system?

Organisms have a genetically predetermined set point that must be internally maintained.

Day 14 of the menstrual cycle is when most women ovulate. Days 1-28 are when a woman can actually conceive.

True

you are eating dinner and enjoying both the taste and smell of your meal

chemoreceptors

for a human to inhale, the rib muscles and the diaphragm must______ which_______ pressure inside the lungs

contract; decreases

Tissues

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous are the four broad categories of animal body.

Mice have an exoskeleton and cows have an endoskeleton

false, both have endoskeleton

Asexual and sexual reproduction in animals is similar in that both

generate offspring that carry parental genes

Gasses move from an area of_______ concentration to an area of________ concentration

high; low

one of the advantages of the villi that line the small intestine is that they

increase the surface area available for food absorption

Muscles that, without conscious thought on your part, move food along the digestive tract or pump blood out of the heart are called

involuntary muscles

although its 4:00 AM, you now know your roommate was listening to there stupid music without earbuds

mechanoreceptors

You are cleaning your bathroom with undiluted bleach, which causes a burning sensation in your nose

pain receptors

site of most nutrient and fuel source absorption

small intestine

the coordinated wave of contraction that moves food down the esophagus is managed by __________ muscle

smooth

a muscular valve that opens and closes

sphincter

Cardiologists examine the shape/ pattern of a patients ECG(EKG) to assist in diagnosing heart attacks. this can be done because damaged heart tissue will have altered electrolyte diffusion across the cell membrane vs. that of healthy tissue

true

Common causes of male infertility are low sperm count, poor sperm motility, and/or deformed sperm

true

Varicose veins result from loss of muscular wall integrity in peripheral veins, thereby permitting the blood to pool and stretch the affected vein

true

good blood flow in a coronary artery is more important than blood flow in ones right ear lobe

true

if the epiphyseal growth plates in the leg bones are "closed" the individual is done growing taller

true

one can more readily overdose from taking large quantities of fat- soluble vitamins than taking large quantities of water-soluble vitamins

true

the more weight or force an animals skeleton bone experiences in life, the more robust will be the dimensional design and ossification of that bone

true

the skin is an effective barrier to germs, provided the skin doesn't have open cuts or abrasions

true

the very acid stomach environment (low Ph) provides an idea environment to digest protein

true

whole blood is compromised of plasma and cellular elements such as platelets, red blood cells and white blood cells

true

site of extreme rates of mitosis

vas deferens

conversely, skeletal muscle require conscious neural stimulation and thus, are called

voluntary muscles

closed circulatory system

your circulatory system