BIO 111 QUIZ 6

All of the following nucleotide bases are pyrimidines except ______.

Adenine

Which of the following is FALSE when comparing RNA and DNA?

Both are composed of identical nucleotides.

When does the small ribosomal subunit bind to the translational complex in eukaryotic cells?

It is the first component to bind to the mRNA.

The following mRNA transcript would result in which polypeptide sequence? 5'-ACU UUC ACU AUG UUU UUA UCC UCC ACU CCU UGA-3' Use the following codons and the amino acids they encode. AUG = Start or Met; UUU, UUC = Phe; UUA, UUG = Leu; UCU, UCC = Ser; CCU, CCC = Pro; ACU, ACC = Thr; UGA = Stop.

Met-Phe-Leu-Ser-Ser

If a DNA template strand has a sequence of 3' TACAATGTAGCC 5', the RNA produced from it will be which sequence?

5'AUGUUACAUCGG3'

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for an organism's genetic material?

The genetic material must be dynamic, changing rapidly in response to changes in the environment.

Which of the following statements describe a reason ribosomal genes are useful for comparing evolutionary relationships among organisms?

All organisms possess these genes and they can be compared with each other.

What process enables a single gene to encode two or more polypeptides that are different in their amino acid sequence?

Alternative Splicing

What was one of the pieces of evidence most critical to the discovery of DNA structure?

An X-ray diffraction pattern suggesting a double helix shape

Which of the following relationships about nucleotide composition in DNA is TRUE?

C+A=G+T.

All of the following are critical factors for DNA replication on the leading strand except?

DNA Ligase

During DNA replication, all of the following proteins are important for separating the DNA strands and allowing movement of the replication fork EXCEPT

DNA polymerase

Wild type bread mold can grow in a minimal medium without supplements, while certain mutated strains can only grow in a minimal medium that is supplemented with specific intermediates. See the figure below for an overview of the arginine biosynthetic pathway. A strain that can grow in a minimal medium containing arginine, but NOT in minimal media containing citrulline nor in minimal media containing ornithine would have a mutation in the gene that encodes for _____. Precursor→Ornithine→Citrulline→Arginine (each step is catalyzed by Enzyme 1, Enzyme 2, and Enzyme 3, respectively)

Enzyme 3.

Which purine base forms 3 hydrogen bonds when binding its complementary nucleotide base?

Guanine

If a cell's splicesomes were mutated so they no longer functioned normally, what consequences would result?

Introns would remain in the mature mRNA.

Which of the following statements about the structure or composition of DNA is FALSE?

The amount of thymine closely approximates that of guanine within a particular organism.

What is NOT a component of the translation machinery?

protein polymerase.

During the DNA replication process, which of the following organisms would have the fewest origins of replication per cell?

a Streptococcus bacterium.

What factors are utilized by the cell in order to recognize the stop codon and disassemble the translation machinery?

Release factors.

Which of the following is NOT a protein involved in DNA replication?

Replication Fork

Identify the anticodon sequences for an mRNA sequence that is 5'-AUG GGC ACU CAU-3'.

3'UAC 5' - 3' CCG 5' - 3' UGA 5' - 3' GUA5'

Which of the following statements about DNA is FALSE?

One chromosome is made up of many DNA molecules.

The process that produces mRNA from DNA is called:

Transcription

What products of nonstructural genes are never translated?

Transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA.

Which of the following statements accurately describes transcription by RNA polymerase?

It is possible for one RNA polymerase to transcribe one strand of DNA in the 5' to 3' direction and another RNA polymerase to transcribe the complimentary strand of DNA in the 5' to 3' direction, producing two different transcripts.

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is INCORRECT?

It is powered by the hydrolysis of ATP.

Which molecule catalyzes covalent bond formation between fragments of DNA (sticking these fragments together).

Ligase

The enzyme that attaches DNA nucleotides at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes in order to prevent chromosome shortening is called _________.

Telomerase

Type S Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterium is lethal and will kill its host. If heat inactivated the S strain dies and becomes nonlethal. Type R Streptococcus pneumoniae is a nonvirulent strain of bacteria. What would occur if one were to inject both the R strain and heat-killed S strains into a host organism such as the mouse?

The R strain would be transformed into the virulent S strain and kill the host.

What is the function of the poly A tail?

The poly A tail increases mRNA stability in eukaryotes.