BIO 112 Test 3 Homework

In the development of a plant's ovule, the result is a gametophyte made up of A - eight haploid, uninucleate cells. B - seven cells: six haploid cells and one cell with two nuclei. C - seven diploid cells and one haploid cell. D - seven binucleate cells and one haploid cell.

B - seven cells: six haploid cells and one cell with two nuclei.

In the alternation of generations, what is formed when a spore germinates? A - A haploid stage called the gametophyte B - A haploid stage called the sporophyte C - A plant that meiotically produces sex cells D - An increased number of spores E - A plant that produces spores when mature

A - A haploid stage called the gametophyte

Which of the following is a conspicuous feature that distinguishes the angiosperms from gymnosperms? A - Angiosperms produce flowers. B - The two major groups of gymnosperms are monocots and dicots. C - Angiosperms photosynthesize. D - Gymnosperms produce pollen.

A - Angiosperms produce flowers.

Which of the following supports the idea that land plants arose from green algae? A - Both utilize chlorophylls a and b. B - Green algae live in freshwater environments, and plants require fresh water. C - Both photosynthesize. D - Both contain lignin in their cell walls. E - Both are multicellular.

A - Both utilize chlorophylls a and b.

To limit water loss, land plants developed A - stomata. B - a cuticle. C - flowers. D - vascular tissue. E - lignin.

B - a cuticle.

In plants, the haploid, multicellular organism is the A - sporophyte. B - gametophyte. C - zygote. D - spore. E - gamete.

B - gametophyte.

The seed coat develops from the A - ovary wall. B - integuments of the ovule. C - female gametophyte. D - endosperm. E - wall of the pollen sac.

B - integuments of the ovule.

If you have seasonal allergies or "hay fever," you are essentially allergic to some kinds of plant _______. A - nectar B - pollen C - eggs D - sporophytes

B - pollen

All of these flower structures are modified leaves EXCEPT A - sepals. B - pollen. C - petals. D - stamens. E - carpels.

B - pollen.

The multicellular diploid form of the flowering plants is called the __________. A - spore B - sporophyte C - zygote D - pollen grain

B - sporophyte

In dicots, the shoot tip is protected by A - the coleoptile. B - a woody sheath around the epicotyl. C - the hypocotyl hook. D - a slime layer formed by the shoot cells.

C - the hypocotyl hook.

Conifers do not have flowers to attract pollinators. Instead, fertilization occurs A - when birds transfer pollen in their droppings after eating the pine seeds. B - when the endosperm takes the place of the male gametes. C - via wind pollination. D - as the sperm and egg unite inside the woody cone. E - when insects coated with pollen are trapped in the sticky resin.

C - via wind pollination.

What major adaptations contributed to the success of the angiosperms? A - Flowers and fruits B - Broad leaves C - Sap containing "antifreeze" D - A and B E - A and C

D - A and B

What is the difference between the flower of a rose and the flower of grass? A - A complete flower, like the rose, does not undergo pollination. B - An incomplete flower, like grass, does not reproduce. C - An incomplete flower, like the rose, does not reproduce. D - An incomplete flower, like grass, does not have all of the four flower parts.

D - An incomplete flower, like grass, does not have all of the four flower parts.

_______ are to plants as amphibians are to animals. A - Gymnosperms B - Cycads C - Gnetophytes D - Bryophytes

D - Bryophytes

Why can't you buy fern seeds from a garden supply store? A - The seeds are extremely rare. B - The seeds are too small to package. C - Fern seeds must stay moist. D - Ferns do not produce seeds. E - Fern seeds do not survive long after they are produced.

D - Ferns do not produce seeds.

Which group does not depend on water for reproduction? A - Bryophytes B - Ferns C - Algae D - Flowering plants E - Club mosses

D - Flowering plants

Which of the following groups is represented today by a single species? A - Liverworts B - Conifers C - Cycads D - Ginkgos E - Bryophytes

D - Ginkgos

Which group of plants was the first to produce seeds? A - Bryophytes B - Chlorophytes C - Lycophytes D - Gymnosperms E - Angiosperms

D - Gymnosperms

What is the function of the coleoptile in a monocot? A - It produces embryonic leaf growth. B - It stimulates root growth. C - It protects the root tip. D - It protects the shoot tip.

D - It protects the shoot tip.

Which of the following relies on the wind for pollination? A - Tulip B - Gardenia C - Stinking corpse lily D - Pine tree E - Magnolia tree

D - Pine tree

Which of the following is "male" in the life cycle of angiosperms? A - Endosperm B - Seed cone C - Embryo sac D - Pollen grain E - Megaspore mother cell

D - Pollen grain

Why are mosses and liverworts dependent on water for reproduction? A - Eggs and sperm are released into water and then unite. B - Sperm are passively transported to eggs by water. C - Eggs are passively transported to sperm by water. D - Sperm must swim through water to reach and fertilize eggs. E - Egg and sperm production occurs only when the plants are immersed in water.

D - Sperm must swim through water to reach and fertilize eggs.

Which of the following is true for female reproductive structures in angiosperms? A - The sepals are contained within the petals, which enclose the carpel. B - The style, which is vase-shaped, contains the ovary, stigma, and anther. C - The filament and anther enclose the stigma and style. D - The carpel includes a stigma, a style, and ovules enclosed within an ovary. E - The stamen includes the filament and pollen-producing anther.

D - The carpel includes a stigma, a style, and ovules enclosed within an ovary.

What is a major difference between a microspore mother cell in an anther and a pollen grain? A - The microspores resulting from meiosis of the microspore mother cell produce eight immature pollen grains. B - The microspore mother cell produces a male gametophyte and the pollen grain is female. C - The microspore mother cell undergoes mitosis. D - The microspore mother cell is 2n and the pollen grain is n.

D - The microspore mother cell is 2n and the pollen grain is n.

Why do flowers undergo double fertilization? A - To produce two zygotes at a time B - Because two sperm make one haploid cell, and together, fertilize a haploid egg to make a diploid zygote C - To produce diploid gametophytes D - To produce the zygote and a source of food for the zygote

D - To produce the zygote and a source of food for the zygote

While walking in a tropical forest, you come upon a 6-meter-tall plant that shows no evidence of seed production. The plant is most likely a(n) A - gymnosperm. B - alga. C - bryophyte. D - fern. E - angiosperm.

D - fern.

An incomplete flower A - is incapable of self-fertilization. B - remains in the bud stage and does not bloom. C - produces sterile seeds. D - lacks one or more of the four basic floral parts. E - manufactures infertile pollen.

D - lacks one or more of the four basic floral parts.

Ferns and mosses mainly live in ________ environments. A - sterile B - arid C - desert D - moist

D - moist

A fruit is a mature A - cotyledon. B - integument. C - embryo. D - ovary. E - endosperm.

D - ovary.

All of the following are included in the male parts of a flower EXCEPT A - stamens. B - anthers. C - pollen. D - ovules.

D - ovules.

The sexual life cycle of plants is described as alternation of generations because it alternates between A - flowers and spores. B - male plants and female plants. C - eggs and sperm. D - sporophytes and gametophytes. E - reproductive plants and vegetative plants.

D - sporophytes and gametophytes.

The male reproductive structure of flowers, which is attached just above the petals, is called the __________. A - stigma B - seed C - carpel D - stamen E - petal

D - stamen

What is the purpose of the ovary and anther in a flower? A - to produce a haploid seed B - to produce two haploid mother cells C - to produce a haploid embryo D - to produce gametophytes and, ultimately, gametes

D - to produce gametophytes and, ultimately, gametes

Cotyledons and endosperm both provide nutrition. What is the difference between them? A - Endosperm provides nutrition for the developing embryo; cotyledons provide nutrition for the young seedling. B - Endosperm is found only in monocots; cotyledons are found only in dicots. C - Cotyledons are found only in flowering plants; endosperm is found only in young ferns. D - Endosperm is always photosynthetic; cotyledons are usually not. E - Cotyledons provide nutrition for the developing embryo; endosperm provides nutrition for the young seedling.

A - Endosperm provides nutrition for the developing embryo; cotyledons provide nutrition for the young seedling.

________ results in the production of spores in flowering plants. A - Meiosis B - Spermatogenesis C - Mitosis D - Germination E - Fertilization

A - Meiosis

In angiosperms, what is the male gametophyte? A - Pollen B - A flower C - Sperm D - A seed E - The anther

A - Pollen

Which of the following is NOT an adaptation that enables evergreen trees to live in a cold, dry ecosystem? A - To protect the embryos from the cold, they develop in the roots. B - The trees grow continuously and undergo photosynthesis year-round. C - The trees have a waxy waterproof coating that minimizes water loss. D - The sap contains "antifreeze" that helps transport fluids even in freezing temperatures.

A - To protect the embryos from the cold, they develop in the roots.

What are the results of double fertilization? A - Triploid endosperm and diploid zygote B - Diploid zygote and diploid endosperm C - Embryo sac and pollen sac D - A zygote and an embryo E - Egg cell and sperm cell

A - Triploid endosperm and diploid zygote

Why is genetic recombination significant in sexual reproduction? A - Variation in a population will most likely allow at least part of the population to survive if the environment changes. B - With variation, the weakest individuals will always be weeded out. C - A wider variety of phenotypes in a population increases the fitness of a population. D - Genetic recombination decreases the likelihood of overspecialization of individuals in a population.

A - Variation in a population will most likely allow at least part of the population to survive if the environment changes.

What is NOT a characteristic of the plant in the figure? A - Water-borne sperm B - Seeds C - Fruits D - Embryos

A - Water-borne sperm

In flowering plants, the sperm does not have to swim to the egg. The sperm reaches the eggs by A - a pollen tube. B - wind pollination. C - digestion of the seed coat. D - burrowing through the embryo sac wall. E - cell division within the spore case.

A - a pollen tube.

Which of the following best describes an "alternation of generations" life cycle? A - alternation of a haploid gametophyte with a diploid sporophyte B - alternation of a single-celled gametophyte with a multicellular sporophyte C - alternation of a multicellular gametophyte with a single-celled sporophyte D - alternation of male gametophytes with female gametophytes E - alternation of a diploid gametophyte with a haploid sporophyte

A - alternation of a haploid gametophyte with a diploid sporophyte

A flowering plant produces pollen in the A - anther. B - style. C - fruit. D - ovule. E - stigma.

A - anther.

The male gametophyte of flowering plants is produced by cell divisions within the A - anther. B - sepal. C - stigma. D - carpel. E - filament.

A - anther.

The first leaves produced by an embryo while still inside the seed are A - cotyledons. B - embryo sacs. C - coleoptiles. D - endosperms. E - epicotyls.

A - cotyledons.

In general, the plant life cycle has evolved from ________ to ________. A - dominant gametophyte; dominant sporophyte B - dominant gamete; dominant spore C - dominant sporophyte; dominant gametophyte D - dominant spore; dominant gamete E - dominant gamete; dominant gametophyte

A - dominant gametophyte; dominant sporophyte

Identify the group of seedless vascular plants that has scale-like leaves arranged in whorls around silica-coated stems, and is represented by the genus Equisetum? A - horsetails B - ferns C - club mosses D - mosses E - bryophytes

A - horsetails

A pollen grain is actually the A - male gametophyte. B - combination of male and female gametophytes. C - primitive egg cell, which will develop into the embryo. D - female gametophyte. E - megaspore mother cell.

A - male gametophyte.

A fruit is a A - mature ovary. B - female gametophyte. C - mature ovule. D - seed. E - plant embryo.

A - mature ovary.

Which group of plants is characterized by a dominant gametophyte generation? A - nonvascular plants B - angiosperms C- conifers D - flowering plants E - ferns

A - nonvascular plants

In plants, the diploid, multicellular organism is the A - sporophyte. B - gametophyte. C - zygote. D - spore. E - gamete.

A - sporophyte.

Both plants and green algae store food as A - starch. B - cellulose. C - lipids. D - chlorophyll. E - lignin.

A - starch.

To control the movement of gases, land plants developed A - stomata. B - a cuticle. C - flowers. D - vascular tissue. E - lignin.

A - stomata.

Most gymnosperms are pollinated by A - wind. B - insects. C - lizards. D - shrews. E - birds.

A - wind.

This structure produces pollen. A - Petal B - Anther C - Style D - Stigma

B - Anther

Which of the following are gymnosperms? A - Cycads, conifers, and ferns B - Cycads, ginkgos, and conifers C - Ginkgos, conifers, and horsetails D - Cycads, ginkgos, and ferns E - Conifers, ginkgos, and ferns

B - Cycads, ginkgos, and conifers

What is one of the main differences between seedless and seed plants? A - Only seedless plants produce pollen. B - Only seed plants produce pollen. C - Only seedless plants have vascular tissue. D - Only seed plants have vascular tissue.

B - Only seed plants produce pollen.

________ are modified leaves that are often green and surround the flower bud. A - Ovules B - Sepals C - Filaments D - Petals E - Stigma

B - Sepals

This structure catches pollen. A - Anther B - Stigma C - Style D - Ovary

B - Stigma

Why is water needed for bryophyte reproduction? A - Both the sperm and the egg develop in spores, which must swim through water to undergo fertilization. B - The sperm must swim to the egg. C - Without water, the sperm will fertilize the egg, but the embryo will not develop. D - Without water, the embryo will remain haploid instead of diploid.

B - The sperm must swim to the egg.

Why would a flower species open at night and close during the day? A - To protect itself, because most of its predators are active during the day B - To attract pollinators that are nocturnal or active at night C - To protect itself, because it is sensitive to the sun D - To take the whole day to produce enough nectar to attract pollinators, and then open at night

B - To attract pollinators that are nocturnal or active at night

With respect to plant reproduction, there has been an evolutionary trend toward A - greater seed production. B - sporophyte prominence. C - larger fruits. D - smaller flowers. E - increased pollen production.

B - sporophyte prominence.

In the life cycle of a fern, the large fern plant that we normally see is the A - gametophyte. B - sporophyte. C - spore. D - gamete. E - zygote.

B - sporophyte.

Green plants are able to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugar and store it as __________. A - chitin B - starch C - sucrose D - cuticle E - lignin

B - starch

In monocots, the shoot tip is protected by ________, which eventually degenerate(s) once exposed to air. A - the hypocotyl B - the coleoptile C - a slime layer formed by the shoot cells D - the epicotyl E - cotyledons

B - the coleoptile

The immature angiosperm pollen grain consists of a tube cell and a generative cell that will divide to produce ________ sperm cells. A - three B - two C - one D - four

B - two

If you were hiking and wanted to show off your understanding of the differences between gymnosperms and angiosperms, what characteristics could you see with your naked eye that would help you impress your friends? A - Presence or lack of seeds B - Presence or lack of vascular tissues C - Flowers or cones D - Size of the male gametophyte E - Presence or lack of spores

C - Flowers or cones

What is NOT a major adaptation of angiosperms? A - Flowers B - Fruit C - Needle-like leaves D - Broad leaves

C - Needle-like leaves

Which of the following functions that anchor ecosystems is NOT performed by plants? A - Supply nutrients to the rest of the ecosystem B - Supply energy to the rest of the food web C - Recycle energy from dead organisms D - Create and maintain soil

C - Recycle energy from dead organisms

________ and ________ are reproductive adaptations that allowed successful habitation of plants on land. A - Leaves; seeds B - Roots; pollen C - Seeds; pollen D - Roots; seeds

C - Seeds; pollen

Plants alternate between diploid and haploid generations. What is the proper order of the plant life cycle? A - Sporophyte, zygote, haploid plant (gametophyte), gamete production, meiosis, haploid spore, sporophyte B - Sporophyte, haploid spore, haploid plant (gametophyte), gamete production, zygote, meiosis, sporophyte C - Sporophyte, meiosis, haploid spore, haploid plant (gametophyte), gamete production, zygote, sporophyte D - Sporophyte, meiosis, haploid plant (gametophyte), gamete production, haploid spore, zygote, sporophyte

C - Sporophyte, meiosis, haploid spore, haploid plant (gametophyte), gamete production, zygote, sporophyte

Plants have an alternation of diploid and haploid generations. Put the life cycle of the plant in order starting with the sporophyte. A - Sporophyte, zygote, haploid plants (gametophytes), gamete production, meiosis, haploid spores, sporophyte B - Sporophyte, haploid spores, haploid plants (gametophytes), gamete production, zygote, meiosis, sporophyte C - Sporophyte, meiosis, haploid spores, haploid plants (gametophytes), gamete production, zygote, sporophyte D - Sporophyte, meiosis, haploid plants (gametophytes), gamete production, haploid spores, zygote, sporophyte

C - Sporophyte, meiosis, haploid spores, haploid plants (gametophytes), gamete production, zygote, sporophyte

In angiosperms, how does the sperm reach the egg? A - The sperm uses flagella to swim to the egg. B - The sperm and egg are produced inside the seed and grow into an adult form. C - The pollen forms a tube in the stigma, through which the sperm travels to meet the egg. D - The sperm fertilizes the egg outside the plant body.

C - The pollen forms a tube in the stigma, through which the sperm travels to meet the egg.

At seed germination, apical meristems form the roots first, and then the shoots. If only one cotyledon forms, this plant is _______. A - diploid B - haploid C - a monocot D - a dicot

C - a monocot

Flowers evolved to _______. A - attract people B - make the environment beautiful C - attract pollinators D - attract the sperm to the egg

C - attract pollinators

In many dicots, the first pair of leaves to emerge from the soil after seed germination is completely unlike all the rest of the leaves that form on that plant. In such plants, these leaves are A - made from the epicotyl hook. B - made from the opening and greening of the coleoptile. C - cotyledons, which have elongated and turned green. D - formed from the endosperm. E - derived from the root, not the shoot.

C - cotyledons, which have elongated and turned green.

A complete lack of vascular tissue is characteristic of A - ferns. B - cycads. C - mosses. D - ginkgos. E - angiosperms.

C - mosses.

When you eat a peach, the delicious part you are eating is the _______. A - cotyledon B - seed C - ovary D - megaspore

C - ovary

How does the sperm travel from one plant to another to get to the egg in the gymnosperms and angiosperms? A - within the mother cell of flowering plants B - in falling rain C - within an insect's digestive system D - within a pollen grain

D - within a pollen grain

What is the role of chlorophyll in plants? A - Chlorophyll regulates gene expression. B - Chlorophyll drives oxygen-consuming respiration. C - Chlorophyll is a biological catalyst that speeds up the chemical reactions of photosynthesis. D - Chlorophyll holds the soil together and prevents erosion. E - Chlorophyll captures solar energy that the plant can convert to other forms of energy.

E - Chlorophyll captures solar energy that the plant can convert to other forms of energy.

Which of the following weather conditions would you expect to have the greatest negative impact on the sexual reproduction of ferns and mosses? A - The shade of a forest B - Moderate temperatures and rainfall C - Excessively wet and rainy D - Above-average temperatures for several days E - Excessively dry for several days

E - Excessively dry for several days

What is the main advantage of having seeds enclosed within an edible fruit? A - It prevents insects from eating the seeds. B - It provides food for animals. C - It protects the seeds from harsh weather conditions. D - It encourages pollination. E - It aids in seed dispersal.

E - It aids in seed dispersal.

Which of the following undergoes meiosis during the development of pollen grains? A - Megaspore B - Generative nucleus C - Megaspore mother cell D - Microspore E - Microspore mother cell

E - Microspore mother cell

________ are modified leaves that are often brightly colored and scented to attract pollinators. A - Sepals B - Stigma C - Anthers D - Filaments E - Petals

E - Petals

In flowering plants, what is the relationship between the sporophyte and gametophyte? A - Flowering plants do not produce sporophytes. B - The sporophyte and gametophyte are independent of each other. C - Flowering plants do not produce gametophytes. D - The gametophyte is dominant, and the sporophyte is microscopic. E - The sporophyte is dominant, and the gametophyte is retained on the sporophyte.

E - The sporophyte is dominant, and the gametophyte is retained on the sporophyte.

How do ferns differ from other seedless vascular plants? A - They lack xylem. B - Their flowers are microscopic. C - Their sperm are flagellated. D - The sporophyte is dominant. E - They have broad leaves

E - They have broad leaves

To strengthen the conducting cells and help plants stand erect without water for them to float in, land plants developed A - stomata. B - a cuticle. C - flowers. D - vascular tissue. E - lignin.

E - lignin.

Pollen and seeds evolved in response to A - an increase in pollinators. B - the evolution of flowers. C - living in a moist environment. D - seed predators. E - living on dry land.

E - living on dry land.

Which of the following represents the sporophyte in the life cycle of a pine tree? A - the female cone B - the ovule C - the male cone D - the seed E - the embryo

E - the embryo