BIO 121 Ch 3 masteringbiology
Once you eat a cookie, enzymes in your digestive tract begin to break down the cookie into smaller molecules
-hydrolysis reactions are breaking down the macromolecules in the cookie down into smaller molecules -Water is required for the reaction that break the macromolecules in the cookie down into smaller molecules
A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture
DNA
Which of the following is an example of dehydration reaction
DNA molecules are replicated in a cell by building new DNA molecules from nucleotides
One difference between DNA and RNA is that
DNA uses the bases CGAT, whereas RNA uses the bbases CGAU
Who is in charge of helping to analyzing rape kits
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Who sets limits on how much sodium restaurants can use in foods?
Food and drug administration
L-dopa is used to treat
Parkinson's disease
How do prions disrupt the normal function of an organism and cause diseases such as mad cow disease?
Prions can convert normally folded proteins into abnormal shapes
Which of the following statements is correct about Alzheimer's
There is a correlation between beta-amyloid plaques and the severity of Alzheimer's disease
Glycogen is
a polysaccharide found in animals
Through examining DNA from lactose-intolerant individuals, scientist found that
a small change in a DNA nucleotide sequence can have a major effect on the production of lactose
An ____________ is a building block of polypeptides, such as the protein hemoglobin
amino acid
Protein polymers are made up of _________________ monomers
amino acid
Insulin is a protein hormone that regulates blood glucose levels and is a polymer of
amino acids
Myoglobin is a protein that binds oxygen molecules and is a polymer of
amino acids
Proteins are polymers of
amino acids
The building blocks of proteins are called
amino acids
Enantionmers are molecules that
are mirror images
A function of cholesterol that does not harm health is its role
as a component of animal cell membranes
The large diversity of biological molecules depends on atoms of the element
carbon
Hydrocarbons are organic molecules that contain only
carbon and hydrogen atoms
Plant cell walls consist mainly of
cellulose
Which of these is a polysaccharide
cellulose
_____________ is the most abundant organic compound on earth
cellulose
A _____________ reaction builds polymers from monomers
dehydration
What is another name for a condensation reaction
dehydration
Geometric isomers are molecules that
differ in the arrangment of their atoms about a double helix
DNA has the appearance of a
double helix
All organic molecules contain carbon and hydrogen. What parts of an organic molecule may contain oxygen, nitrogen, or phosphorus?
functional groups
A specific stretch of DNA that codes for the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide is called a
gene
What is the main sugar used by cells for energy?
glucose
Which of the following pairs of molecules share the same molecular formula but differ in structure?
glucose and fructose
Which of the following has the highest visosity
honey
An important characteristic of the double-stranded DNA molecule is that
hydrogen bonding between base pairs is responsible for formation of a double helix
The 2 strands of a DNA double helix are held together by ___________________ that form between pairs of nitrogenous bases
hydrogen bonds
The secondary structure of a protein results from
hydrogen bonds
A _________________ reaction breaks down polymers into monomers
hydrolysis
What is the name of the process during which a bond between 2 monomers is broken?
hydrolysis
Defensive proteins are manufactured by the ______ system
immune
Which of the following best describes Alzheimers
it is a neurological disease with loss of memory and motor skills
Which is true about sodium?
it's a necessary part of the human diet
What describes the impact of Alzheimer's in the US by the year 2050
it's projected there will be 16 million cases by 2050, with an annual health care cost of $1 trillion
All lipids share this characteristic
lipids generally don't dissolve in water
A _______________ is a building block of polysaccharides such as starch
monosaccharide
Animals store energy in the form of glycogen, a carbohydrate made up of thousands of
monosaccharides
A ______________ is a building block of polynucleotides such as DNA
nucleotide
nucleic acid polymers are made up of ______________ monomers
nucleotide
DNA is composed of building blocks called
nucleotides
The building blocks of nucleic acid molecules are called
nucleotides
The nucleic acids DNA and RNA carry genetic information and are made up of many
nucleotides
"saturated" fats contain
only single bonds in their fatty acid tails
Who should watch their sodium intake?
people diagnosed with hypertension
What type of bond joins the monomers in a proteins primary structure?
peptide
A polypeptide is a long chain of amino acids bonded together by
peptide bonds
Tertiary structure is NOT directly dependent on
peptide bonds
A nucleotide is composed of
phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar
A _______________ is a polymer of nucleotides
polynucleotide
A ____________ is a polymer of amino acids
polypeptide
A _____________ is a polymer of monosaccharides
polysaccharides
Carbohydrate polymers are made up of _____________ monomers
simple sugar
Glucose plus fructose forms a disaccharide called
sucrose
Most human adults are lactose intolerant. People with lactose intolerance produce insufficient amounts of
the enzyme lactose
When researchers studied lactose intolerance in people from different geographic regions, they concluded that
there may be a selective advantage that favors lactose tolerance in populations that depend on dairy products as a staple in their diet
What is sampled when you're having your sodium levels measured
urine
A dehydration reaction is the process in which
water molecules are formed when polymers are synthesized from monomers
