BIO 122 Quiz 5 Lymphatics and Immunity
All of the following are true of the thymus gland except that it a) activates B cells. b) reaches its greatest relative size before puberty. c) involutes after puberty. d) produces T cells. e) lies in the anterior mediastinum.
A
Infection with the HIV virus occurs through direct contact with an infected person's body fluids. casual contact with an infected individual. eating contaminated food. sharing clothes with an infected individual. airborne droplets from coughs and sneezes.
A
Cells that help regulate the antibody-mediated immune response are ________ cells. a) B b) plasma c) helper T d) cytotoxic T e) NK
C
If the thymus shrank and stopped functioning properly, we would expect to see an immediate decrease in the number of a) B lymphocytes. b) NK cells. c) T cells. d) neutrophils. e) NK cells and T cells.
C
Lymphocytes a) are all actively phagocytic. b) destroy red blood cells. c) respond to antigens. d) are primarily found in red bone marrow. e) decrease in number during infection.
C
A(n)___________ exists when the immune system does not respond to a particular antigen. a) Versatility b) Tolerance c) Specificity d) Allergy e) Hypersensitivity
b
Adaptive immunity is the result of the actions of a) NK cells. b) T and B cells. c) mast cells. d) antigen-antibody complexes. Incorrect Response e) interferons.
b
An overreaction of the body's immune system can occur in some instances after a second exposure to a foreign antigen. Mild instances might include hay fever, a more serious reacion may produce anaphylactic shock. This is called: auto-immune disease hypersensitivity thrombocytopenia immunosuppression
b
Antibodies: come from T cells are specific to the antigen that stimulated their production are most effective against fungi, parasites, and cancer cells engulf the foreign antigen
b
Defense of the body against a particular pathogen is provided by a) nonspecific immunity. b) specific immunity. c) immunological surveillance. d) skin defenses. e) fever.
b
During an inflammatory response: vasodilation is decreased capillary permeability is incresased capillary permeability is decreased. antibodies are rapidly produced
b
Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placenta from mother to fetus is called ________ immunity. a) naturally acquired active b) naturally acquired passive c) passive d) auto e) innate
b
In response to tissue damage and infection, circulating proteins called pyrogens a) cause inflammation. b) produce a fever. c) activate complement. d) opsonize pathogens. e) activate antibodies.
b
Interferons are released by some macrophages and lymphocytes, but also by cells carrying what pathogen? a) parasites b) viruses c) bacteria d) prions e) spirochetes
b
Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the a) right lymphatic duct. b) thoracic duct. c) cisterna chyli. d) hepatic portal vein. e) dural sinus.
b
A crime scene investigator found that a biological fluid sample contains a large amount of IgA-type antibody. This fluid is probably a) blood. b) lymph. c) serum. d) tears. e) interstitial.
d
A patient is given an injection of immunoglobulin after an exposure to hepatitis. This is known as: histocompatibility complex helper T cell mediated immunity active humoral immunity passive humoral immunity
d
A sample of Lori's blood shows a high level of pyrogens. This would indicate that Lori a) is feeling achy. b) is producing T lymphocytes. c) has a sore throat. d) is running a fever. e) has swollen lymph nodes.
d
After puberty, the thymus gradually shrinks and becomes more fibrous, in a process called a) conversion. b) diminishment. c) necrosis. d) involution.
d
Antibodies may bind to superficial sites on bacteria or other toxins, making the toxin incapable of attaching itself to a cell. This mechanism is known as a) opsonization. b) agglutination. c) phagocytosis. d) neutralization.
d
During a primary response to antigen exposure, all of the following occur except a) the antigen must activate appropriate B cells. b) B cells may take time to develop into plasma cells and memory cells. c) antibody levels do not peak until 1 to 2 weeks after the initial exposure. d) neutrophils invade the surrounding areas, releasing chemotactic substances. e) the first immunoglobulins to appear in circulation are of the IgM type
d
Each of the following is a physical barrier to infection except a) body hair. b) epithelium. c) secretions. d) complement. e) basement membranes.
d
Helper T cells do all of the following except a) activate sensitized B cells by costimulation. b) destroy target cells using perforins. c) enhance cell-mediated immunity. d) secrete cytokines to stimulate production of plasma cells. e) enhance antibody-mediated immunity.
d
Immunoglobulins that are most abundant and are responsible for resistance against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins are a) IgA. b) IgD. c) IgE. d) IgG. e) IgM.
d
In general, lymphocytes a) spend most of their time in lymphoid tissue. b) have relatively long life spans. c) have one nucleus. d) All of the answers are correct.
d
Lymphocyte production involves a) bone marrow. b) thymus tissue. c) peripheral lymphoid tissues. d) All of the answers are correct. e) None of the answers is correct.
d
Lymphocytes that destroy foreign cells or virus-infected cells are ________ cells. a) B b) plasma c) helper T d) cytotoxic T (killer T cells) e) suppressor T
d
MHC proteins: are present on the surface of our bodies' cells can be recognized by T cells are 'histocompatability antigens' all of the above are correct
d
T cells are important in: antibody production phagocytosis detecting cancer cells producing viruses
d
The ________ cells enable the immune system to respond quickly and robustly if the same antigen is encountered a second time. a) IgM b) Suppressor c) Dendritic d) Memory e) Plasma
d
The attraction or repulsion of certain cells to chemicals in their environment is called a) chemotaxis. b) diapedesis. c) phagocytosis. d) apoptosis. e) immune surveillance.
d
The binding of an antigen to an antibody can result in a) neutralization of the antigen. b) agglutination or precipitation. c) complement activation and opsonization. d) All of the answers are correct. e) None of the answers is correct.
d
The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the a) T cells. b) B cells. c) NK cells. d) phagocytes/neutrophils. e) plasma cells.
d
The medullary sinus of a lymph node contains ________ lymphocytes and plasma cells. a) cytotoxic T b) medullary c) NK d) B e) helper T
d
The role of antigen-presenting cells in immunity is to a) activate T cells. b) display antigen fragments. c) process antigens. d) All of the answers are correct. e) None of the answers is correct.
d
Transplanted tissue may be tolerated if: the tissue involves few cells or has a limited blood supply lymphatic tissue is destroyed by irradiation or chemicals the histocompatibility antigens of donor and recipient are very similar all of the above
d
A substance that provokes an immune response is called a(n) a) thymosin. b) complement. c) chemotoxin. d) irritant. e) antigen.
e
Characteristics of specific defenses include a) versatility. b) tolerance. c) memory. d) specificity. e) All of the answers are correct.
e
Examples of physical barriers against pathogens include a) sebaceous glands. b) mucus. c) epithelia. d) epidermal layers. e) All of the answers are correct.
e
Fever is the maintenance of body temperature higher than a) 37.2°C. b) 99°F. c) 98.6°F. d) 37.2°C, or 98.6°F e) 37.2°C, or 99°F.
e
Immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called ________ immunity. a) active b) natural passive c) passive d) auto e) innate
e
In passive immunity, the a) immune system attacks normal body cells. b) body is deliberately exposed to an antigen. c) body receives antibodies produced by other humans. d) body receives antibodies produced by an animal. e) body receives antibodies produced by other humans or the body receives antibodies produced by an animal.
e
Inflammation produces localized a) swelling. b) redness. c) heat. d) pain. e) All of the answers are correct.
e
Lymph nodes do all of the following except a) produce antibodies. b) monitor the contents of lymph. c) remove debris and pathogens from the lymph. d) detect pathogens. e) remove excess nutrients from the lymph.
e
Lymphocytes are produced and stored in all of the following except a) the thymus. b) lymphoid nodules. c) lymph node organs. d) the spleen. e) the brain.
e
Nonspecific defenses include a) phagocytic cells. b) physical barriers. c) inflammation. d) interferons. e) All of the answers are correct.
e
The body's nonspecific defenses include all of the following except a) the skin. b) complement. c) interferon. d) inflammation. e) B and T cells.
e
The lymphocytes are most important in a) helping maintain normal blood volume. b) transporting gases to and away from lymph nodes. c) eliminating variations in the composition of interstitial fluid. d) transporting lipids from the digestive tract. e) fighting infection.
e
The lymphatic system is composed of all of the following except a) lymphatic vessels. b) the venae cavae. c) the spleen. d) lymph nodes. e) lymph.
B
Lymphoid organs differ from lymphoid tissues in what way? a) They contain T lymphocytes and lymphoid tissues do not. b) They are found in the digestive tract and lymphoid tissues are found in the thorax. c) They are surrounded by a fibrous capsule and lymphoid tissues are not. d) They cannot produce antibodies, whereas lymphoid tissues can.
C
Cytotoxic T cells attack target cells by doing what? a) secreting a strong acid b) secreting organic solvent c) secreting free radicals d) activating genes that trigger apoptosis
D
Which of the following statements regarding lymph is false? a) Lymph derives from interstitial fluid. b) Lymphatic vessels have valves to direct fluid flow. c) Lymphatic capillaries have larger diameters than that of blood capillaries. d) Lacteals are prominent lymphatic vessels in the cardiopulmonary system. e) Lymphatic capillaries have little or no basement membrane.
D
The T-cells of the immune system are responsible for the production of antibodies. True False
False
The cells directly responsible for cell-mediated immunity are the ________ cells. a) B b) plasma c) NK d) T e) interferon
T
A condition in which the body attacks itself as if it were a microbe is: an auto-immune disease loss of the thymus atopic allergy a condition when an individual cannot recognize non-self
a
A condition in which, for example, the body forms antibodies against its own red blood cells is called: an auto-immune disease hypersensitivity a simple antigen-antibody reaction an allergy
a
A(n)______________ will develop when the immune response mistakenly targets normal body cells and tissues. a) Autoimmune disorders b) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome c) Immunosuppression d) Anaphylaxis e) Allergies
a
B cells prepare for activation by presenting an antigen bound to Class II MHC proteins in a process called a) sensitization. b) apoptosis. c) customization. d) differentiation.
a
Immune surveillance against cancer is: a function of cell-mediated immunity not possible since cancer cells do not have surface antigens rarely effective accomplished by the complement system
a
Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called ________ immunity. a) naturally acquired active b) natural acquired passive c) passive d) auto e) innate
a
Immunoglobulins that are primarily found in glandular secretions such as mucus, saliva, and tears are a) IgA. b) IgD. c) IgE. d) IgG. e) IgM.
a
In opsonization, a) a pathogen is coated by proteins to facilitate its destruction by neutrophils and macrophages. b) the cell wall of a pathogen is breached, leading to death of the cell. c) antibodies tie many antigens together. d) antigens bind to antibodies to become antigen-antibody complexes.
a
Of the following, which directly defends against intracellular viruses by attacking infected cells? cytotoxic T lymphocytes plasma cells kinins complement
a
Recognition of self and non-self is a function related to the: thymus gland plasma cells neutrophils platelets
a
The cells that perform immunological surveillance are the ________ cells. a) NK b) plasma c) B d) helper T e) suppressor T
a
Penicillin allergy is termed a hypersensitivity reaction. The statement that is true of most people allergic to penicillin is that these individuals: develop anaphylactic shock 5-14 days after they are given penicillin will respond strongly the second time they are given penicillin develop a rash only after several injections of penicillin respond less strongly after the first time they are given penicillin
b
Someone who is vaccinated against diphtheria will respond almost immediately if later exposed to the disease. What cells are directly responsible for rapidly recognizing the pathogen and responding? thymus cells memory B cells T cells plasma cells
b
T cell means ________ and B cell means________. a) top; bottom b) thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived c) thyroid; bowel d) None of the answers is correct.
b
The cell that dominates the deep cortical region of a lymph node is the ________ cell. a) B b) T c) plasma d) nodule e) NK
b
The process by which the surface of a microorganism is covered with antibodies and complement, rendering it more likely to be phagocytized, is called a) neutralization. b) opsonization. c) agglutination. d) antigen presentation. e) sensitization.
b
The thoracic duct drains lymph from all of the following regions except the a) left breast. b) right breast. c) left arm and shoulder. d) left side of the neck.
b
What is perforin? a) a type of antibody synthesized by B cells b) a protein produced by NK cells c) a type of interferon d) a toxin expressed by some pathogens that is capable of damaging healthy cells e) a destructive enzyme secreted by sebaceous glands
b
Which of the following is a response of cell-mediated immunity? lymphocytes digest bacteria by means of lysosomes secretion of chemotactic factors by T cells increased production of complement proteins decreased production of histamine
b
Which type of blood cell is migratory and phagocytic, acting as a ready body defense against infection, and comprises 50% to 70% of all leukocytes? eosinophil neutrophil monocyte lymphocyte
b
The most immediate reaction launched against a bacterial infection involves: interferon antibodies neutrophils (phagocytes) plasma cells
c
Autoantibodies are a) produced by activated T cells. b) produced during an allergic reaction. c) directed against the body's own antigens. d) the first step in immunological competence. e) important in tissue rejection reactions.
c
B and T cells are similar in that they both: secrete antibodies play roles in the nonspecific immune system stem from precursors in the bone marrow serve in what is termed cell-mediated immunity
c
B cells are primarily activated by the activities of a) antigens. b) antibodies. c) helper T cells. d) macrophages. e) plasma cells.
c
Immunoglobulins that attach to and sensitize mast cells and basophils are a) IgA. b) IgD. c) IgE. d) IgG. e) IgM.
c
Inappropriate or excessive immune responses to antigens are a) immunodeficiency diseases. b) autoimmune diseases. c) allergies. d) the result of stress. e) signs of a weak system.
c
Leslie has a bad sore throat, and the lymph glands in her neck are swollen. This would indicate that a) the focus of the infection is the lymph glands. b) lymph is not flowing through these lymph glands. c) the affected lymph glands contain an increased number of lymphocytes. d) the lymph gland is actively producing phagocytes. e) the lymph gland has increased its secretion of thymosin.
c
Of the following types of cells, the type that bind to cells bearing foreign antigens and kill them directly (no prior exposure to the antigen is required) is called: Helper T-cells Memory cells Natural killer (NK) cells Plasma cells
c
T cells are important in: antibody production phagocytosis detecting cancer cells producing viruses
c
The B cell system is most effective against: parasites transplants bacteria fungi
c
The classic pathway of complement activation begins when the complement protein binds to a) the cell wall of bacteria. b) the plasma membrane of bacteria. c) an antibody attached to an antigen. d) a cell surface antigen. e) a plasma protein
c
The effects of activating the complement system include all of the following except a) destruction of target cell plasma membranes. b) stimulation of inflammation. c) inhibition of the immune response. d) enhanced phagocytosis. e) histamine release.
c
The primary function of the lymphatic system is a) circulation of nutrients. b) the transport of hormones. c) defending the body against both environmental hazards and internal threats. d) the production and distribution of plasma proteins. e) both the transport of hormones and the production and distribution of plasma proteins.
c
Which cell is directly responsible for antibody production? B lymphocyte red blood cell plasma cell monocyte
c
Which of the body's defenses is mainly directed against viruses? antibodies phagocytes interferon B cells
c
Antigen-detecting cells are found chiefly in the: lymph nodes liver graft site kidney
lymph nodes