BIO 124-2 Exam 3

Climate change

Which of the following is the main factor that contributes to coral bleaching?

is caused by gases such as carbon dioxide trapping heat in the earth's atmosphere.

The greenhouse effect

allow safe movement of wildlife without human interference.

The idea behind a wildlife corridor is to

Methane

The major sources of this greenhouse gas are agriculture and the decay of organic material.

differences in physical traits

The morphological species concept separates species based on:

whether or not they share an evolutionary history

The phylogenetic species concept separates species based on:

Ferns

The presence of vascular tissue allowed this group of plants to be the first group to more efficiently transport water and nutrients.

Oceans

The production of carbonic acid occurs as a result of increased carbon dioxide concentrations in which of the following?

Arthropods

The success of which of the following is associated with the evolution of jointed legs?

genetically engineering both to withstand HIGHER WATER TEMPERATURES

The symbiotic relationship between coral and algal partners may be preserved by

True

The use of wildlife corridors allows terrestrial species to move along their historical ranges and reduces the chances of inbreeding. (true or false)

global warming

The worldwide increase in average surface temperatures of Earth is called __________.

postzygotic isolation

There are two basic categories that prevent reproduction and therefore prevent speciation. If hybrid offspring survives but is sterile this is an example of (prezygotic or postzygotic isolation)

global temperatures and carbon dioxide levels have tended to increase, especially in the last 140 years

This graph, depicting both global temperatures and carbon dioxide levels, indicates that

Human-induced climate change

We are currently in the 6th mass extinction. What is causing this extinction?

seasons

We experience ______ because the earth is tilted 23 degrees off its axis.

Invasive species

What is a species that is not native to a specific ecosystem called?

It is caused by human activity.

What is unique about the Sixth Mass Extinction Event?

the formation of the PLASMA MEMBRANE and GENETIC MATERIAL

What were the two key events needed for the first cells to evolve?

Overexploitation

When humans extract resources and food from the environment without sustainable practices, it's called _______. It means you're taking more from the wild than can be naturally replaced.

chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Which greenhouse gas comes from refrigerants and spray propellants?

Archaeans

Which group of prokaryotes are considered to be more closely related to eukaryotes and often live in extreme environments?

Habitat destruction

Which human impact has globally placed over 85% of species on the endangered species list?

methane and carbon dioxide

Which of the following are greenhouse gases?

The increase in temperature is one aspect of climate change and can result in the increased temperature of the planet, which is known as global warming.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between climate change and global warming?

The atmosphere

Which of the following carbon reservoirs do members of the biosphere exchange carbon with regularly?

Using energy from the sun, plants convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into CHEMICAL ENERGY OF SUGARS

Which of the following describes the principal role of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle?

Climate refers to the LONG-TERM patterns of temperature and precipitation. Weather describes the SHORT-TERM patterns of temperature and precipitation.

Which of the following descriptions correctly explains the difference between climate and weather?

autotrophic

Which of the following does not describe the metabolic capabilities of a fungi?

formation of a nucleus and internal membranes

Which of the following events occurred first in the evolution of the eukaryotic cell?

Nucleus

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a prokaryote?

producing a sterile hybrid

Which of the following is not an example of a prezygotic isolation mechanism?

Increases in the frequency of tornadoes

Which of the following is not directly associated with an increase in global temperatures?

Human activities

Which of the following is the most likely cause for the sudden sharp increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels?

Bacteria

Which of the following is the oldest group of organisms on the planet?

Habitat loss

Which of the following is the single-greatest factor contributing to the extinction of a species?

The biosphere

Which of the following levels of biological organization represents the sum of all of the locations where life may be found on the planet?

nitrous oxides

Which of the following minor contributing greenhouse gases are produced from agricultural practices such as the use of burning of fossil fuels and used in fertilizers?

Trout

Which of the following species belongs in the bony class of fish?

Vertebrates have the lowest extinction rates.

Which of the following statements about vertebrates is false?

Opisthokonts

Which of the following supergroups includes animals, and humans?

Climate change

Which of the following terms refers to the anthropogenic changes in the normal cycle of Earth's climate due to an imbalance of carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere?

Archaea and Eukarya

Which of the two domains are mostly closely related to one another?

Ectothermic

Which of these terms would NOT be used to describe our species, Homo sapiens?

The visible spectrum of light

Which part of solar energy is important in photosynthesis?

Arthropods

Which phylum has been the most successful animal on the planet, with over 1 million species?

Biodiversity determines the number, variety, and variability of all species in a given area.

Which statement accurately describes the term biodiversity?

The light-dependent reactions capture the energy from the sun and transfer it to HIGH-ENERGY MOLECULES

Which statement below best summarizes the overall purpose of the light-dependent reactions?

There have been 5 major extinction events and the 6th is in progress.

Which statement best describes the number of evolutionary events?

These spots have over half the world's plant species and 43% of all vertebrate species.

Why do conservation groups focus their attention on biodiversity hotspots?

It decreases the AMOUNT OF CARBONATE in the oceans, making the creation of shells and other hard structures difficult for marine life.

Why is ocean acidification problematic for some marine life?

a fungus.

You were looking under the microscope, and you have just discovered an undescribed, microscopic, non-photosynthetic, multicellular organism in a soil sample. You decide to study these cells to determine what they are. You have noted that they absorb nutrients from their environment and do not have true sexes. Based on these observations, these microorganisms are

They are reproductively isolated from each other.

According to the biological species concept, what determines if two organisms are different species?

increase; decrease

According to the evidence of climate change, there has been an overall______ in ocean and land temperature, and an overall______ in ice formations.

decreasing

According to this figure, the extent of Arctice Sea ice is ____, on average.

climate change

All the mass extinction events on the planet share what common cause?

Glaciers and snow coverage decrease.

As global temperatures increase, which of the following scenarios are most likely to happen?

connect otherwise isolated populations without exposure to human interference.

As habitats become patchy and fragmented, wildlife corridors:

Human activities will have SERIOUS impacts on climate and on the levels of biological organization in ecosystems across the planet.

Based on projections made by scientists studying climate change, if human activities continue to impact climate at the same rates as today, what will most likely be the future of the level of biological organization in ecosystems across the planet?

carbon

Because fossil fuels are the remains of once living organisms, they contain reservoirs of ______ that are released into the atmosphere when they are burned.

invasive species

Fifty percent of endangered species are threatened by the presence of______ because they have no defense mechanisms against this anthropogenic factor.

absorb dead or decaying material for nutrients.

Fungi are saprophytic. This means they

Zygomycota

Black bread mold is found in the phylum:

consumes; produces

In the carbon cycle, the process of photosynthesis______ atmospheric , and cellular respiration______ atmospheric .

4

Carbon atoms contain _______ electrons in the outermost shell, which interact with other elements to form chemical bonds.

gradualistic

Charles Darwin observed multiple species of finch on the Galápagos islands. He proposed they adapted over time to different habitats of the islands. This is an example of the______ model of speciation.

allopatric

Charles Darwin stated that species of finch evolved due to their different locations on the Galápagos islands. This is a type of______ speciation.

Amphibians

Choose the group of vertebrates that is best described as being exothermic, with a three-chambered heart and tied to reproduction in a water environment.

the AVERAGE weather patterns in a given area over long periods of time.

Climate can best be described as

ecosystems

Communities and their physical environment make up:

2 million

Currently, scientists estimate there are approximately______ known species on the planet.

80%

Even though there are alternate energy sources, fossil fuels are used for approximately______ of the United States energy needs.

The pH level of the ocean will shift to a MORE ACIDIC environment, leading to stress and the possible extinction of many species of shellfish and corals.

How does climate change affect earth's oceans?

sympatric

If two plants mate to produce a hybrid, and the hybrid is able to reproduce between other hybrids, this will result in a new species. This is an example of______ speciation.

HUMAN AC that involve altering habitats, changes in sea levels, and changes in weather patterns on a global scale are causing mass extinctions.

In comparison to past statistics, the consensus among the scientific community is that extinction rates are currently high. Which of the following is the most plausible explanation for causing this recent extinction crisis?

Chloroplasts

In the carbon cycle, where does atmospheric carbon dioxide get combined with energy to form carbohydrates?

A notochord.

In the evolution of vertebrates, which feature allows for the development of vertebral column?

Calvin cycle

In which of the following processes does atmospheric carbon get combined with energy to form carbohydrates?

having a backbone.

Invertebrates are separated from vertebrates by not

cell walls.

Kingdom Animalia is a branch on the eukaryotic tree that contains multicellular, heterotrophic organisms. Characteristics unique to this kingdom are the fact that they ingest their food and their cells lack _______.

grana

Label the structure:

mesophyll cell

Label the structure:

thylakoid

Label the structure:

PROVIDE HABITAT for endangered and commercially valuable species.

Marine Protected Areas

All of the answer choices are correct.

Methane

30

Methane versus carbon dioxide are very important greenhouse gases. However, methane can retain and release about____ times more heat than carbon dioxide.

Background extinction rates

Natural levels of extinction, which occur at an approximate rate of 0.1-2 species lost/million of species/year, are called what?

15%

Ocean acidification is an effect of climate change. It is estimated that by 2050, only ______ of coral will be able to survive, which will increase the number of threatened fish species.

Kingdom

Of the choices below, which represents the most general classification (most inclusive)?

391,000

Of the total number of identified species, approximately how many of these are plants?

25%

Over the past 30 years, the arthropod population had declined by approximately

INCREASES in overall global temperatures at an ACCELERATING rate, a phenomenon known as global warming.

Over the past several decades, the overall trend for earth's temperatures has been

organic material

Prokaryotic cells can be defined by their metabolic abilities. A chemoheterotroph is an organism that uses______ for energy.

increased human activity.

Since the 1950s, there has been a steady increase in the levels of atmospheric as a result of

global warming

Since the 1980s, the average temperature of the planet has been increasing - this phenomenon is called _______.

Latin

Species are identified by a two-part ________ name.

Prezygotic isolation

Species can be prevented from mating before fertilization ever occurs (before egg meets sperm). What is this mechanism called?

photon

Sunlight consists of a wave and a particle. The particle is also known as a(an)

pollution.

The Deepwater Horizon oil spill decreased the Atlantic bluefin tuna population by 70%. This is an example of a loss of diversity due to

climate

The average temperature and precipitation of an area are referred to as its:

is updated and revised whenever new information becomes available.

The current classification system used by biologists:

Deforestation

The decline of tropical rainforests is due primarily to:

Punctuated equilibrium model

The fossil record supports which model of speciation?