Bio 143 Chapter 1-4, Test 1

The smallest units that still retain the characteristics of an element are called cells. atoms. tissues. molecules. organic molecules.

Atoms

What do carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins have in common? All are inorganic molecules. All are important enzymes that function within the cell. Covalent bonding holds these molecules together. Polymers of these organic molecules form monomers via dehydration synthesis reactions.

Covalent bonding holds these molecules together

Of the following cell components, which is composed of protein fibers that provide shape and organization to eukaryotic cells? Golgi complex Chromatin Cytoskeleton Mitochondria DNA

Cytoskeleton

Which of the following is NOT an organic molecule? Protein Nucleic acid Carbon monoxide Lipid Monosaccharide

Carbon monoxide

An example of a structural polysaccharide is cellulose. starch. maltose. glycogen. glucose.

Cellulose

In a word, "evolution" means nature. change. improvement. selection.

Change

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence. defective egg or sperm cell. physical deformity, such as the loss of a limb. dose of radiation.

Change in the DNA sequence

Which of the following is capable of converting solar energy into chemical energy? Chloroplasts Mitochondria Vacuoles Golgi apparatus Vesicles

Chloroplasts

The cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells contains all of the following EXCEPT organelles. enzymes. dissolved nutrients. water. chromosomes.

Chromosomes

Water moves through a plant because of the property of high specific heat. high heat of fusion. cohesion. high heat of vaporization.

Cohesion

Suppose an organism has an enzyme that repairs changes in its DNA. The result is a decrease in mutations. This trait would definitely influence the organism's ability to obtain energy. move. evolve. maintain homeostasis.

Evolve

Prokaryotic cells do not have mitochondria, so they cannot make ATP energy. True or False? True False

False

Prokaryotic cells have a true nucleus and eukaryotic cells do not. True False

False

The attractive force that holds two or more water molecules together is an example of an ionic bond. True False

False

Which of the following does NOT possess a double membrane? Plastid Mitochondrion Chloroplast Nuclear envelope Ribosome

Ribosomes

Which of the following provides long-term energy storage for plants? Cellulose ATP Starch Glycogen Glucose

Starch

Cholesterol, testosterone, and estrogen are examples of steroids. waxes. fatty acids. proteins. nucleic acids.

Steroids

What is the function of a plant cell vacuole? Packages proteins for export Replicates chromosomes Stores water Initiates division of the cell

Store water

The formation of ions involves the sharing of electrons. gain or loss of electrons. gain or loss of neutrons. sharing of protons. gain or loss of protons.

gain or loss of electrons

Unlike a rock, a reptile can sit in the hot sunshine without its body temperature soaring quickly. This is because the water in its body is a poor solvent. is a good solvent. has a high specific heat. has a low specific heat.

has a high specific heat

A denatured protein differs from a normal protein because it contains many disulfide bonds. is composed of nucleotides. has lost its usual secondary and tertiary structures. does not contain amino acids.

has lost its usual secondary and tertiary structures

The main difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph is how they obtain energy. their ability to move. how they respond to stimuli. how they reproduce.

how they obtain energy

A basic difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell is that the prokaryotic cell possesses membrane-bound organelles. lacks a nucleus. is considerably larger. is structurally more complex. lacks DNA.

lacks a nucleus

After you drink a glass of acidic lemonade, your body's pH does not change. This is an example of how humans and other organisms maintain cellular organization. evolve in response to the environment. maintain precise internal conditions through homeostasis. are immune to weak acids.

maintain precise internal conditions through homeostasis.

A nucleotide is made of a phospholipid, sugar, and protein. phosphate, protein, and nitrogenous base. phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base. phospholipid, sugar, and nitrogenous base.

phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base

Photosynthetic bacteria are examples of autotrophs. True or False? True False

True

The energy that sustains life ultimately comes from sunlight. True or False? True False

True

To maintain a constant pH, buffers act to either accept or release H+. True False

True

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? Unsaturated fats contain double and/or triple bonds. Unsaturated fats contain more calories. Saturated fats contain less cholesterol. Saturated fats contain many double and/or triple bonds. Saturated fats contain more calories. Unsaturated fats come from animals.

Unsaturated fats contain double and/ or triple bonds.

What is NOT a feature of a prokaryotic cell? Enzymes DNA A plasma membrane Ribosomes A nuclear membrane

A nuclear membrane

Your friend does a belly flop into a swimming pool. The stinging pain he feels is most likely due to the A) surface tension of water (caused by the large number of hydrogen bonds that form between water molecules). B) hydrophobic nature of your friend's skin. C) fact that water is a good solvent. D) pH of the water.

surface tension of water (caused by the large number of hydrogen bonds that form between water molecules.

What is the fundamental structural unit of an element? the proton the atom the molecule the electron the neutron

the atom

What is the fundamental structural unit of an element? See Section 2.1 (Page 19) . the proton the atom the molecule the electron the neutron

the atom

Prokaryotes that are rod-shaped are called spirilla. bacilli. cocci. eukaryotes.

Bacilli

Choose the correct pathway of information flow in the cell. ER - DNA - RNA - protein RNA - DNA - protein ER - DNA - Golgi - protein DNA - RNA - protein

DNA - RNA - Protein

What is one way in which RNA is different from DNA? DNA is a nucleic acid and RNA is not. DNA is double-stranded and RNA is not. DNA contains nitrogenous bases and RNA does not. DNA contains information and RNA does not. DNA is necessary for making proteins and RNA is not. DNA is a temporary copy and RNA is permanent.

DNA is double- stranded and RNA is not

What is the difference between free and attached ribosomes? A) Free ribosomes produce proteins, whereas attached ribosomes produce carbohydrates. B) Free ribosomes are readily "used up" by the cell and are replaced frequently, whereas attached ribosomes remain functional for the lifetime of the cell. C) Free ribosomes are located in the cytoplasm, whereas attached ribosomes are embedded on the endoplasmic reticulum. D) Free ribosomes produce proteins that are exported from the cell, whereas attached ribosomes make proteins for mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Free ribosomes are located in the cytoplasm, whereas attached ribosomes are embedded on the endoplasmic reticulum.

What is the difference between free and attached ribosomes? Free ribosomes produce proteins, whereas attached ribosomes produce carbohydrates. Free ribosomes are readily "used up" by the cell and are replaced frequently, whereas attached ribosomes remain functional for the lifetime of the cell. Free ribosomes are located in the cytoplasm, whereas attached ribosomes are embedded on the endoplasmic reticulum. Free ribosomes produce proteins that are exported from the cell, whereas attached ribosomes make proteins for mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Free ribosomes are located in the cytoplasm, whereas attached ribosomes are embedded on the endoplasmic reticulum.

Which of the following reactions is an example of dehydration synthesis? Glycogen → glucose subunits Fat → fatty acids + glycerol Peptide → alanine + glycine Glucose + galactose → lactose Cellulose → glucose

Glucose + galactose -> lactose

To test the effect of vitamin D on growth, two groups of rats were raised under identical conditions and fed the same diet. One of the groups received daily injections of vitamin D. The other group received injections of saline, which did not contain vitamin D. All the rats were weighed weekly for 2 months. -In this experiment, the control was the??? 2-month period of time. average weight gain of the rats. group receiving saline. group receiving vitamin D.

Group receiving saline

What is the term used to describe the ability of an organism to maintain its internal environment within the limits required to sustain life? heterostasis homeomaintenance homeostasis heteroregulation homeoregulation

Homeostasis

What is the term used to describe the ability of an organism to maintain its internal environment within the limits required to sustain life? See Section 1.1 (Page 2) . heterostasis homeomaintenance homeostasis heteroregulation homeoregulation

Homeostasis

Genes are segments of DNA that direct the formation of a specific characteristic. All of the DNA in an organism makes up the chromosomes

How are DNA, chromosomes, and genes related? -Chromosomes contain DNA, which is made up of genes. The DNA directs the formation of a specific characteristic.............. -DNA contains chromosomes that direct the formation of a specific characteristic. Genes are made up of chromosomes......... -Genes are made up of chromosomes and direct the formation of a specific characteristic. DNA and genes are the same thing.......... -Chromosomes are built from genes, which direct the formation of a specific characteristic. DNA and genes are the same thing........ -Genes are segments of DNA that direct the formation of a specific characteristic. All of the DNA in an organism makes up the chromosomes.......

Which of the following best explains the attraction of water molecules to each other? Nonpolar covalent bond Polar covalent bond Ionic bond Hydrogen bond Electron-proton interaction

Hydrogen bonds

What type of chemical reaction results in the breakdown of organic polymers into their respective subunits? Hydrolysis Condensation Ionization Oxidation

Hydrolysis

The phospholipids that make up the plasma membrane have ________ heads and ________ tails. hydrophobic; hydrophilic hydrophilic; hydrophobic prokaryotic; eukaryotic eukaryotic; prokaryotic cytoplasmic; phagocytic

Hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

What subatomic particle (s) can be found in the nucleus of the atom? See Section 2.1 (Page 19) . protons and electrons neutrons and atoms protons and neutrons neutrons protons neutrons and electrons

Protons and neutrons

What is meant by the statement that water has a high specific heat? The boiling point of water is low. Water freezes easily. It grows hot quickly. It can absorb a lot of energy without changing temperature. Water can heat up to only a certain temperature.

It can absorb a lot of energy without changing temperature

For an atom to achieve maximum stability and become chemically inert, what must occur? Electron pairs are shared. The number of electrons must equal the number of protons. Ionization occurs. Its outermost energy shell must be completely filled with electrons.

It's outermost energy shell must be completely filled with electrons.

Where is glycogen stored in vertebrate animals? Brain and kidneys Pancreas and blood Fat cells Teeth and bones Liver and muscles

Liver and muscles

The organelle that extracts energy in food to produce ATP energy is the nucleus. cytoplasm. chloroplast. ribosome. mitochondrion.

Mitochondrion

Flagellated cells can move the cell through fluid. move internal organelles more efficiently than nonflagellated cells. attach to surfaces more effectively because of the flagella. divide more quickly than nonflagellated cells.

Move the cell through fluid

The small, circular loops of DNA in prokaryotic cells that are separate from the main chromosome and may carry genes associated with antibiotic resistance are called cristae. plastids. pili. ribosomes. plasmids.

Plasmids

Based on your understanding of the different levels of biological organization, which level from the choices below would be the smallest, most-exclusive grouping? species Ecosystem biosphere community population

Population

Based on your understanding of the different levels of biological organization, which level from the choices below would be the smallest, most-exclusive grouping? See Section 1.3 (Page 7) . species Ecosystem biosphere community population

Population

You are a NASA scientist and have discovered an organism in outer space that stores its genetic material in the cytoplasm rather than in a nucleus and cannot perform photosynthesis. Given these characteristics, how might you classify this organism? See Section 1.4 (Page 10) . fungi prokaryote archaea eukaryote bacteria

Prokaryote

Ribosomes are the site of ________ synthesis. DNA nucleoli protein RNA glucose

Protein

Enzymes are specialized ________ that catalyze chemical reactions within the body. carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids proteins

Proteins

What is the difference between cytoplasm and the cytosol? A) The cytoplasm is attached to the plasma membrane and the cytosol is deeper in the cell. B) Chemical reactions occur only in the nucleus, not the cytosol or cytoplasm. C) The cytoplasm includes the cytosol and also some structures. D) The cytoplasm contains proteins and the cytosol contains water and salts. E) The cytoplasm includes everything outside the nucleus and the cytosol includes everything inside the nucleus.

The Cytoplasm includes the cytosol and also some structures.

Why are organic molecules so diverse compared to inorganic molecules? A) Naturally occurring compounds are more complex than man-made compounds. B) The carbon molecules in an organic compound can create four bonds to other atoms. C) Organic compounds are made by living things, which can create more complexity than nonliving. D) There are more different kinds of atoms in organic compounds. E) Organic compounds are man-made, so they can be created in any form we can imagine.

The carbon molecules in organic compounds can create four bonds to other atoms

Why are organic molecules so diverse compared to inorganic molecules? See Section 3.1 (Page 33) . A) Naturally occurring compounds are more complex than man-made compounds. B) The carbon molecules in an organic compound can create four bonds to other atoms. C) Organic compounds are made by living things, which can create more complexity than nonliving. D) There are more different kinds of atoms in organic compounds. E) Organic compounds are man-made, so they can be created in any form we can imagine.

The carbon molecules in organic compounds can create four bonds to other atoms

Acids have pH values below 7, whereas bases have pH values above 7. True or False? True False

True

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? See Section 3.4 (Page 41) . Unsaturated fats contain double and/or triple bonds. Unsaturated fats contain more calories. Saturated fats contain less cholesterol. Saturated fats contain many double and/or triple bonds. Saturated fats contain more calories. Unsaturated fats come from animals.

Unsaturated fats contain double and/ or triple bonds.

The Golgi apparatus packages materials into ________ for transport or export. organelles vesicles plastids vacuoles nucleoli

Vesicles

Carbohydrates

Which of the following can serve as an energy source and as structural support in plant cells? Nucleic acids Lipids Carbohydrates Proteins

All cells possess all of the following components EXCEPT a plasma cell membrane. cytoplasm. ribosomes. a nuclear membrane. genetic material (DNA or RNA).

a nuclear membrane

What is the monomer of a protein? amino acids prions enzymes keratins cysteine nucleic acids

amino acids

What is the monomer of a protein? See Section 3.5 amino acids prions enzymes keratins cysteine nucleic acids

amino acids

Iron is an important element in human body cells. If iron has an atomic number of 26, what does this tell you about this element? An iron atom is unable to become an isotope. An iron atom has 26 protons. An iron atom has 13 electrons and 13 protons. An iron atom has 13 protons and 13 neutrons.

an iron atom has 26 protons

The formation of sodium chloride (NaCl) is the result of attraction between opposite charges. chemical unreactivity. repelling between the same charges. covalent bonding.

attraction between opposite charges

Which of the following components is NOT part of the modern cell theory? Cells are the functional units of multicellular organisms. All cells arise from preexisting cells. All living organisms are made up of one or more cells. Bacteria are examples of eukaryotic cells. The smallest living organisms are single cells.

bacteria are examples of eukaryotic cells

An organism in the domain Eukarya is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT ingestion of organic matter to acquire nutrients. the potential to grow and reproduce. the ability to maintain precise internal conditions. being composed of prokaryotic cells.

being composed of prokaryotic cells.

Radioactive isotopes are biological tools that are often used to build up a store of calcium in a cell. increase the pH of blood. measure the size of fossils. detect brain tumors and other important medical technologies.

detect brain tumors and other important medical technologies.

The specific function of a protein is determined by the A) hydrophilic head attached to the hydrophobic tail. B) number of peptide bonds it contains. C) exact sequence of amino acids. D) fatty acids that are joined together in the polypeptide. E) number of disulfide bonds.

exact sequence of amino acids

The element carbon has atomic number 6. Carbon most likely shares two electrons with another atom. donates two electrons to another atom. forms ionic bonds with other atoms. forms four covalent bonds.

forms four covalent bonds.

Based on your understanding of the term "scientific method," which of the choices below would be the correct sequence of events after you would make an observation about an event? A) question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, conclusion B) question, hypothesis, experiment, prediction, conclusion C) hypothesis, question, prediction, experiment, conclusion D) question, hypothesis, prediction, conclusion, experiment E) experiment, question, hypothesis, prediction, conclusion

question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, conclusion

Based on your understanding of the term "scientific method," which of the choices below would be the correct sequence of events after you would make an observation about an event? See Section 1.4 (Page 10) question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, conclusion question, hypothesis, experiment, prediction, conclusion hypothesis, question, prediction, experiment, conclusion question, hypothesis, prediction, conclusion, experiment experiment, question, hypothesis, prediction, conclusion

question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, conclusion

You observe a plant on your windowsill that is growing at an angle toward the outside. This is an example of a living thing responding to stimuli. maintaining precise internal conditions. reproducing. evolving.

responding to stimuli.

Free radicals are considered dangerous because they A) attack the atomic nucleus. B) steal electrons from other atoms, causing those atoms to become unstable. C) damage oxygen and cause it to become an antioxidant. D) emit dangerous radiation.

steal electrons from other atoms, causing those atoms to become unstable

The "backbone" of a nucleic acid molecule is made of lipids. sugar and phosphate groups. amino acids. NAD+ and FAD. ATP molecules.

sugar and phosphate groups