Bio 144 A+P chapter 5

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

-Polysaccharides in connective tissue: haluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, desmatan sulfate, keratan sulfate -completely composed of carbohydrates

Adherent Glycoproteins

-Proteins with carbohydrates attached Bond CT cells and fibers to ground substance Includes: fibronectin, fibrillin, laminin

cutaneous membrane

-The skin; composed of epidermal and dermal layers -covers the body

Loose connective tissue

-Tissue that binds epithelia to underlying tissues and holds organs in place. Contains collagenous, elastic, and recticular fibers. -supports epithelium

Hyaline cartilage

-Translucent bluish white cartilage consisting of cells embedded in an apparently homogeneous matrix, present in joints and respiratory passages, and forming most of the fetal skeleton -cells residing in lacunae (small cavity in the substance of the bone containing an osteocyte)

Proteoglycans

-a glycoprotein consisting of a small core protein with many carbohydrate chains attached, found in the extracellular matrix of animal cells. -90% carbohydrates -Fibromodulin

Cardiac Muscle

-contracts without nervous innervation -connected by intercalated disks

serous membrane

-covers the heart -Covers the intestines -lines the cavity with abdominal organs

nervous tissue

-electronically excitable -can receive and transmit electrical signals -Protected by neuroglia

mucous membrane

-lines the intestines

Smooth Muscle

-mostly found in the viscera ( inside organs) -helps move contents through a hollow organ

Skeletal Muscle

-voluntary -Moves the skeleton -Multinucleated

Match the characteristic given to one of the types of muscles.

1. Cells or fibers appear striated (banded) -Both cardiac and skeletal muscle 2. Cells are large, long, and cylindrical, with many nuclei located at the periphery -Skeletal muscle 3. Pumps the blood -Cardiac muscle 4. Moves the body -Skeletal muscle 5. Cells are branched and connected to one another by intercalated discs- Cardiac muscle 6. Is under voluntary (conscious) control -Skeletal muscle 7. Controls the amount of light entering the eye -Smooth muscle 8. Is located in the heart -Cardiac muscle

Match each example given to one of the five general functions of epithelial tissues.

1. The outermost layer of the skin (the epidermis) protects the underlying structures from the environment. =Protecting underlying structures 2. The epithelium of the skin is a barrier to water and reduces water loss from the body.= Acting as barriers 3. The epithelium of the skin prevents the entry of many toxic molecules and microorganisms into the body. =Acting as barriers 4. Simple squamous epithelium allows carbon dioxide to be diffused from the blood into the lungs. =Permitting the passage of substances 5. Mucous glands and the enzyme-secreting portions of the pancreas secrete their products into ducts that subsequently deliver their products to other areas of the body. =Secreting substances 6. The plasma membranes of certain epithelial tissues contain carrier proteins that regulate the absorption of materials. =Absorbing substances 7. The epithelium of the oral cavity protects the underlying structures from food as it is being chewed. =Protecting underlying structures 8. The epithelial cells of the intestine absorb digested food molecules, vitamins, and ions. =Absorbing substances

Cuboidal cell

An cube like epithelial cell. Forms many of the secretory glands.

Epithelial tissue

Cells can be cube or column shaped.

Ligaments are very strong but resistant to stretch. Which protein fiber probably predominates?

Collagen

The visible part of the ear has the ability to stretch significantly, and then recoil back to its original position. Which protein fiber must be present?

Elastic

merocrine glands

Exocrine glands that secrete without losing cellular material

Collagen (lose connective tissue )

Fibers that are flexible but resist stretching

Reticular fibers (Lose connective tissue)

Fibers that branch to form a supporting network

elastic fibers

Fibers that can recoil to their original shape

NOT a function of simple columnar epithelium

Filtration

Ectoderm

From which primary germ layer is the epidermis of the skin-derived?

Select the functions that are appropriate for epithelium in the stomach to perform.

GlycosaminoglycansGlycosaminoglycans Correct Chondroitin sulfateChondroitin sulfate Incorrect ProteoglycansProteoglycans Correct Fibronectin

Endocrine glands secrete products called _____________.

Hormones

Nonciliated Simple Columnar

Lining of most of the digestive track

Simple Squamous

Lining of the alveoli

stratified epithelium

Multiples tiers of cells.

Indicate all of the cells that would be found in connective tissue.

Muscle fiber , Leukocyte,

The conductive cells of nervous tissue are called _____________.

Neurons

The structure of the spleen and lymph nodes are composed mainly of

Reticular loose connective

Which feature of a holocrine gland will distinguish it from merocrine and apocrine glands?

Secretions are released by rupture of whole cells

The type of epithelial tissue that is only one cell layer thick is called __________; the type of epithelial tissue that is two or more cell layers thick is called _________.

Simple : stratified

The type of muscle tissue that would be found in the wall of the bladder is ________ muscle tissue.

Smooth

Which body membrane would be found lining the inside of the knee joint?

Synovial membrane

Columnar cell

Taller than wide, stomach and intestines

cutaneous membrane

The skin; composed of epidermal and dermal layers

cutaneous membrane

Which body membrane protects the body from water loss and harm to internal organs?

simple epithelium

a single layer of cells that functions in diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion, or absorption

functions of connective tissue.

binding of organs, support, physical protection, immune protection, movement, storage, heat production, transport, Storage of adipocytes and calcium

Osteocytes are residents of ________ tissue

bone

Tendons and ligaments are primarily made of

dense regular connective tissue

Simple Cuboidal

ducts of glands, kidney tubules

Squamous cell

flat, scale-like epithelial cell

apocrine glands

glands that lose small portions of their glandular cell bodies during secretion

holocrine glands

glands that release entire cells that disintegrate to release cell secretions

synovial membrane

lines joint cavities

Ciliated Simple Columnar

lining of uterine tubes

Osteocytes

mature bone cells found in lacunae

functions of connective tissue

physical protection, support and structural framework, binding of structures, storage, transport, immune protection

ground substance

unstructured material that fills the space between the cells and contains the fibers