Bio 1500 exam 3 multiple choice

Which of the following groups of fungi is not monophyletic? A.Zygomycota B. Basidiomycota C. Glomeromycota D. Ascomycota

A.Zygomycota

which of the following cell types of a sponge possesses a flagellum? A.choanocyte B. amoebocyte C. epithelial D. spicules

A.choanocyte

DNA is not found in this organelle A.endoplasmic reticulum B.Nucleus C. Chloroplast D. Mitochondria

A.endoplasmic reticulum

stems and roots respectively exhibit A. a positive phototropic response and no phototropic response B. a negative phototropic response and no phototropic response C. no phototropic response and a positive phototropic response D. no phototropic response and a negative phototropic response

A. a positive phototropic response and no phototropic response

If a cell contains a pellicle, it... A. can change shape readily B. is shaped like sphere C.is shaped like a torpedo D. must have a contractile vacuole

A. can change shape readily

A fluid filled cavity that develops completely within mesodermal tissue is a characteristic of a A. coelomate B. Pseudocoelomate C. acoelomate D. all of the above

A. coelomate

the coelom A. is a synapomorphy for the clade comprising protostomes and deuterostomes B. evolved multiple times convergently C. is always an indicator or close evolutionary relationship D. forms within the endoderm

A. is a synapomorphy for the clade comprising protostomes and deuterostomes

In animal sexual reproduction the gametes are formed by the process of A. meiosis B. mitosis C.fusion D. Binary Fission

A. meiosis

When food is scarce, cells of this organism communicate with each other to form a multicellular slug A.Cellular slime molds B. True amoebas C.Foraminifera D.Diatoms

A.Cellular slime molds

which of the following does not happen as a seed approaches a state of dormancy A. the seed loses water B. abscisic acid levels in the embryo decrease C. the dead coat hardens D. protein synthesis stops

B. abscisic acid levels in the embryo decrease

animals are unique in the fact that they possess _____ for movement and _____ for conducting signals between cells A. brains and muscles B. muscle tissue and nervous tissue C. limbs and spinal cords D. flagella and nerves

B. muscle tissue and nervous tissue

the larval stage of a cnidarian is know as a A.medusa B. planula C. polyp D. enidocyte

B. planula

which if the following statements is not true regarding segmentation A. segmentation allows the evolution of redundant systems B. segmentation is a requirement for a closed circulatory system C. segmentation enhance locomotion D. Segmentation represents and example of convergent evolution

B. segmentation is a requirement for a closed circulatory system

Fossil evidence of eukaryotes dates back to A.2.5 BYA B.1.5 BYA C. 2.5 MYA D. 1.5 MYA

B.1.5 BYA

The products of budding are A.two cells of equal size B.two cells, one of which is smaller than the other C. many cells of equal size D. many cells of variable size

B.two cells, one of which is smaller than the other

which of the following is not a characteristic of a fungus? A.cell walls made of chitin B. A form of mitosis different from plants and animals C. Ability to conduct photosynthesis D. filamentous structure

C. Ability to conduct photosynthesis

Based on physical characteristics, the _______ represents the most ancient phylum of fungi A.Zygomycota B. Basidiomycota C. Chytridiomycota D. Ascomycota

C. Chytridiomycota

The early evolution of terrestrial plants was made possible by mycorrhizal relationships with the A.Zygomycota B. Basidiomycota C. Glomeromycota D. Ascomycota

C. Glomeromycota

Both diplomonads and parabasilids... A.contain chloroplasts B. Have multinucleate cells C. Lack Mitochondria D. have silica in their cell walls

C. Lack Mitochondria

Which of the following characteristics is unique to all animals? A. sexual reproduction B. multicellularity C. lack of cell walls D. heterotrophy

C. lack of cell walls

Stramenopila are A.tiny flagella B. small hairs on flagella C. large cilia D. pairs of large flagella

C. large cilia

which of the following is stimulated by blue light? A. seed germination B. detection of plant spacing C. phototropism D. shoot elongation

C. phototropism

Identify which of the following statements is false A.Brown and red algae are not closely related phylogenetically B. Chloroplast in brown and red algae are monophyletic C.Brown algae gained chloroplasts by engulfing green algae D. None of the above are false

C.Brown algae gained chloroplasts by engulfing green algae

The following species of fungi is not associated with diseases in humans A.Pneumocystis jiroveci B. Aspergillus flavus C. candida ablicans D. Batrachochytrium dendrobatids

D. Batrachochytrium dendrobatids

A fungal cell that contains two genetically different nuclei would be classified as A.monokaryotic B.Bikaryotic C. Homokaryotic D. Heterokaryotic

D. Heterokaryotic

Trypanosomes are examples of A. euglenoids B.Diplomonads C. parabasilids D. Kinetoplastids

D. Kinetoplastids

the distinguishing feature of the Bryozoa and Brachiopoda is A. a coelom B. segmentation C. chaetae D. a lophophore

D. a lophophore

A coelomate organism may have which of the following characteristics? A. circulatory system B. internal skeleton C. larger size than a pseudocoelomate D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Symbiotic relationship occur between the fungi and A.plants B. Bacteria C. animals D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Acoel flatworms A. closely related to other flatworms B. have evolved an coelom C. are a member of the parazoa D. are the sister taxon to the case comprised of protostomes and deuterostomes

D. are the sister taxon to the case comprised of protostomes and deuterostomes

The evolution of bilateral symmetry was necessary precursor for the evolution of A.tissue B.segmentation C.body cavity D. cephalization

D. cephalization

In stems, gravity is detected by cells of the A.epidermis B. cortex C. periderm D. endodermis

D. endodermis

dwarf mutants can sometimes be induced to grow normally by applying A. obligosaccharins B. abscisic Acid C. ethylene D. gibberellin

D. gibberellin

Chilling most directly affects A. nuclear proteins B. vacuolar inclusions C. the cytoskeleton D. membrane lipids

D. membrane lipids

In the flatworm, flame cells are involved in what metabolic process A. reproduction B. digestion C. locomotion D. osmoregulation

D. osmoregulation

which of the following characteristics is used to distinguish between a parazoa and eumetazoan A. presence of a true coelom B. segmentation C. cephalization D. tissue

D. tissue

Which is most likely the ancestor of animals? A.Trypanosomes B. Diplomonads C. Ciliates D.Choanoflagellates

D.Choanoflagellates

16. The organism above has which of the following in common with mollusks? a. Complete gut b. Gills c. Coelom d. None of the above. e. Both a and c Refer to picture 2

a. Complete gut

__________ associations with __________ are found in almost all vascular plants and enhance the uptake of minerals. a. Mutualistic; mycorrhizal fungi b. Parasitic; bryorrhizal mosses c. Parasitic; mycorrhizal fungi d. Mutualistic; schizoidal "fun guys" e. Mutualistic; bryorrhizal mosses

a. Mutualistic; mycorrhizal fungi

26. Which of the following is acoelomate? a. Platyhelminthes b. Nematodes c. Mollusks d. None of the above e. Both a and b

a. Platyhelminthes

30. Corals that have a symbiotic relationship with zooxanthellae live in __________ waters because they receive most of their nourishment from __________. a. Shallow; zooxanthellae photosynthesis b. Deep; zooxanthellae photosynthesis c. Soda; carbonation d. Shallow; eating zooxanthellae e. Deep; eating zooxanthellae

a. Shallow; zooxanthellae photosynthesis

20. Which of the following is true? a. Tapeworms have no mouths. b. Adult beef tapeworms are typically found encysted in cattle muscle. c. Tapeworms are nematodes. d. The most anterior proglottids of a tapeworm contain mature embryos. e. Eating undercooked "rare" beef is the best way to avoid tapeworm infection.

a. Tapeworms have no mouths.

11. Parabasalids typically live in anaerobic environments. a. True b. False

a. True

14. Many parasitic infections are asymptomatic because it is in the parasite's best interest not to kill the host. a. True b. False

a. True

35. Based on the phylogenetic tree above and what you know about the protists in this tree, have pseudopodia evolved more than once? a. Yes b. No

a. Yes

53. If a species is under heavy pressure to fit into a changing environmental niche, it may need to develop new structures that can deal with the altered conditions. In that instance, it would be much easier to modify an existing organ than build a whole new one. Based on the above, would segmentation give a species a better shot at quickly adapting to new environments? a. Yes b. No

a. Yes

Under unfavorable conditions, a zygomycete will produce __________, which will __________ genetic diversity. a. Zygospores; increase b. Haploid spores; increase c. Zygospores; decrease d. Motor scooters; spread e. Haploid spores; decrease

a. Zygospores; increase

47. Bilaterally symmetric animals: a. have greater mobility than radially symmetric animals. b. move through their environment with their posterior end leading. c. are diploblastic. d. All of the above e. None of the above

a. have greater mobility than radially symmetric animals.

When Pr is converted to Pfr by red light absorption, a. it translocates from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. b. its kinase domain becomes inactive. c. it interacts with ribosomes to activate translation. d. it represses the expression of light-regulated genes. e. it tags any unconverted Pr with ubiquitin

a. it translocates from the cytoplasm into the nucleus

15. The trypanosome that causes African sleeping sickness is: a. unicellular and heterotrophic. b. multicellular and photoautotrophic. c. unicellular and chemoautotrophic d. unicellular and photoautotrophic. e. multicellular and heterotrophic.

a. unicellular and heterotrophic.

Primary endosymbiosis of cyanobacteria by an ancestral eukaryote cell resulted in chloroplasts with: a. no membranes. b. 2 membranes. c. 3 membranes. d. 4 membranes. e. 6 membranes.

b. 2 membranes.

If a plant's lipid bilayer is made up of 35% saturated fatty acids/65% unsaturated fats, then it is __________ adapted for chilling than a lipid bilayer that is 95% saturated fatty acids/5% unsaturated fatty acids. This is because __________ fats pack less efficiently than __________ fats. a. Better; saturated; unsaturated b. Better; unsaturated; saturated c. Better; fat; thin d. Less well; unsaturated; saturated e. Less well; saturated; unsaturated

b. Better; unsaturated; saturated

27. Given that they are not green, red algae lack chloroplasts and do not photosynthesize. a. True b. False

b. False

7. A protist is any eukaryote that lacks a nucleus and is not a plant, fungus or animal. a. True b. False

b. False

The majority of fungi are photosynthetic. a. True b. False

b. False

The pulvini of bean plants lose turgor during mid-day in order to maximize the photosynthetic surface area of the plant's leaves. a. True b. False

b. False

50. Which of the following is NOT true concerning the kingdom Animalia, which includes all animals? a. It is monophyletic. b. It is not a clade. c. It contains both parazoans and metazoans. d. It contains both protostomes and deuterostomes. e. All of its members evolved from a single shared ancestor.

b. It is not a clade.

Which of the following supports the hypothesis that endosymbiosis was involved in the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells? a. Prokaryotes do not have a cytoskeleton. b. Mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA is similar to bacterial DNA. c. Algae are red, green or brown. d. Chloroplasts are found throughout the plant kingdom. e. The kingdom Protista includes phototrophs, heterotrophs and mixotrophs.

b. Mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA is similar to bacterial DNA.

28. Which of the following is characteristic of the organism below? a. Segmentation b. Regeneration c. Complete gut d. Molting e. Bifocals Refer to picture 3

b. Regeneration

46. Which of the following is NOT true? a. Tardigrades can withstand ionizing radiation at doses hundreds of times higher than the lethal dose for a person. b. The phyla Annelida and Arthropoda both consist of segmented animals and therefore are very closely related. c. Tardigrades can withstand temperatures just above absolute zero. d. Ecdysozoans grow by molting. e. Spiralians grow by the gradual addition of body mass.

b. The phyla Annelida and Arthropoda both consist of segmented animals and therefore are very closely related.

12. Based on what you know about the life cycle of Ascaris, which of the following modern conveniences has played a major role in stopping the spread of these intestinal roundworms? a. Airplanes b. Toilets c. Refrigerators d. iPhones e. Stoves

b. Toilets

10. Many sessile and slow-moving marine animals have free-swimming larvae. How would this characteristic be an advantage to the species? It allows them to: a. visit relatives. b. colonize new territories where there might be less competition for food. c. protect their parents from predators. d. undergo asexual reproduction. e. better camouflage themselves.

b. colonize new territories where there might be less competition for food.

Abscission: a. is one of the initial steps of gastrointestinal surgery. b. is often a first step in dormancy because it results in resource conservation by discarding the leaves, which are nutrient sinks. c. is the process by which one obtains a "six pack". d. involves the synthesis of pectins to strengthen the middle lamellae in the abscission zone. e. involves the formation of a protection layer that will protect the leaf petiole once the leaf has fallen.

b. is often a first step in dormancy because it results in resource conservation by discarding the leaves, which are nutrient sinks.

19. Plasmodium oocytes are fertilized in: a. human liver cells. b. mosquitoes. c. human red blood cells. d. sand flies. e. human intestines.

b. mosquitoes.

Which of the following is NOT true of gravitropism? a. In roots, the cap is the site of gravity perception. b. In stems, the endodermis is the site of gravity perception. c. In the stem of a fallen plant, auxin accumulates on the upper side of the stem and promotes asymmetrical cell elongation and curvature of the stem upward. d. In stems, amyloplasts in endodermal cells accumulate at the cell sides closest to the earth. e. Arabidopsis mutant stems without endodermis do not have normal gravitropic responses.

c. In the stem of a fallen plant, auxin accumulates on the upper side of the stem and promotes asymmetrical cell elongation and curvature of the stem upward.

18. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of nematodes? a. Flexible cuticle b. Ecdysis c. Segmentation d. Pseudocoelom e. Complete gut

c. Segmentation

22. Oriental liver flukes have three different hosts in their life cycle. The primary host is a human. The first intermediate host is a ________. The second intermediate host is a fish. Given that this life cycle involves infecting three different hosts, it is very risky. One way that the oriental liver fluke compensates for this riskiness is by __________. a. Snail; caring for their young b. Mosquito: producing large numbers of eggs c. Snail; producing large numbers of eggs d. Mosquito; caring for their young e. Pig: caring for their young

c. Snail; producing large numbers of eggs

If you treat the pulvini of a sensitive plant with a chemical that blocks ion transport, the leaves __________ up in response to touch and that plant, if put in the wild, would be __________ likely to be eaten. a. Will fold; more b. Will fold; less c. Will not fold; more d. Will throw; less e. Will not fold; less

c. Will not fold; more

1. Mushrooms are __________, which are specialized mycelial structures in which __________ are produced. a. Asian carps; caviars b. ascocarps; spores c. basidiocarps; spores d. basidiocarps; pollens e. ascocarps; pollens

c. basidiocarps; spores

49. A pseudocoelom is a body cavity that develops: a. entirely within the mesoderm. b. entirely within the endoderm. c. between the mesoderm and endoderm. d. between the mesoderm and ectoderm. e. entirely within the ectoderm.

c. between the mesoderm and endoderm.

24. Planaria gastrulae have three germ layers. Based on what we learned about germ layers, the musculature of a planarium is derived from the __________ germ layer, which is called the ___________. a. outer; ectoderm b. inner; ectoderm c. middle; mesoderm d. middle; neoderm e. inner; endoderm

c. middle; mesoderm

The ascocarp is a(n) __________ structure. Within the asci of these structures, karyogamy results in __________ zygotes. a. n; 2n b. n; n c. n+n; 2n d. 2n; 2n e. n+n; n

c. n+n; 2n

52. The taxonomic classification of the gray squirrel is as follows: Animalia, Chordata, Mammalia, Rodentia, Sciuridae, Sciurus, Sciurus carolinensis. Rodentia is a(n): a. kingdom. b. genus. c. order. d. class. e. phylum.

c. order.

40. The organism shown below can be described as a(n): a. sporangium. b. cellular slime mold. c. plasmodium. d. amoeba. e. fruiting body (sporocarp Refer to picture 7

c. plasmodium.

21. By constantly changing the proteins on its cell surface, the protist that causes malaria evades: a. digestion by its host. b. aquatic predators. c. the immune response of its host. d. deportation. e. cyst formation.

c. the immune response of its host.

9. Giardia intestinalis has: a. mitochondria. b. eyes. c. a great sense of humor. d. 2 nuclei. e. a kinetoplast.

d. 2 nuclei.

31. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Rhizopoda, the true amoebas? a. Phagocytosis b. Asexual reproduction c. Unicellularity d. Calcium carbonate tests e. Pseudopodia

d. Calcium carbonate tests

32. Nematocysts are unique to which phylum? a. Porifera b. Nematoda c. Platyhelminthes d. Cnidaria e. Mollusca

d. Cnidaria

17. Which of the following is an aquatic photoautotroph? a. Parabasalids b. Kinetoplastids c. Ciliates d. Dinoflagellates e. Both c and d

d. Dinoflagellates

36. Which of the following does the phylum Cnidaria, but NOT Porifera, exhibit? a. Complete digestive systems b. Triploblasty c. Herbivory d. Extracellular digestion e. Sexual reproduction

d. Extracellular digestion

__________ are fungi that form mutualistic relationships with tree roots. a. Ascomycetes b. Basidiomycetes c. Chytridiomycetes d. Glomeromycetes e. Zygomycetes

d. Glomeromycetes

33. The picture above is a __________. Line A marks the __________. Line B marks the __________. a. Polyp; gastrovascular cavity; mesoglea b. Medusa; gastrovascular cavity; mesoglea c. Flying spaghetti monster; mesodermal meatball; bolognesea d. Medusa; gastrodermis; epidermis e. Polyp; gastrodermis; cuticle Refer to picture 4

d. Medusa; gastrodermis; epidermis

23. Which of the following organisms possess cilia, two nuclei, a gullet and a pellicle? a. Euglena b. Trichomonas vulgaris c. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii d. Paramecia e. Toxoplasma gondii

d. Paramecia

43. Anterior cephalization is believed to be a consequence of the evolutionary development of: a. radial symmetry. b. segmentation. c. studying. d. bilateral symmetry. e. coeloms.

d. bilateral symmetry.

44. Water flow through the sponge is actively generated by __________. The water flow initially enters through outer pores and ultimately exits through the ___________. a. choanocytes; mesohyl b. ameboid cells; mesohyl c. spicules; mesohyl d. choanocytes; osculum e. spicules; osculum

d. choanocytes; osculum

39. Porifera: a. exhibit radial symmetry. b. have tissues. c. have a nervous system. d. exhibit cell differentiation. e. None of the above

d. exhibit cell differentiation.

38. Choanoflagellate cells: a. have two flagella. b. are believed to be the closest relatives of land plants. c. have a wicked fashion sense. d. feed on bacteria strained out of the water by their contractile collars. e. both b and d

d. feed on bacteria strained out of the water by their contractile collars.

34. In the life cycle of a cellular slime mold, amoebas aggregate together and form a/an __________ when food is __________. a. nonmotile slug; abundant b. plasmodium; abundant c. nonmotile slug; scarce d. motile slug; scarce e. plasmodium; scarce

d. motile slug; scarce

29. Researchers believe that the last common ancestor of the present-day volvox was a unicellular species closely resembling modern-day Chlamydomonas. Thus, comparison of the volvox genome with that of Chlamydomonas might provide insight into the origins of: a. coeloms. b. photosynthesis. c. motility. d. multicellularity. e. asexual reproduction.

d. multicellularity.

13. Mixotrophic Euglena cells grown in the light will: a. not produce photosynthetic pigments. b. die. c. fluoresce. d. produce photosynthetic pigments. e. become heterotrophs.

d. produce photosynthetic pigments.

42. Water flow through a sponge does NOT: a. provide oxygen. b. provide food. c. expel waste materials. d. protect the epithelium. e. facilitate sperm dispersal.

d. protect the epithelium.

51. Echinoderms and chordates have __________ cleavage and develop __________ first from the blastopore. a. spiral; the mouth. b. artificially enhanced; lip filler and botox c. spiral; the anus. d. radial; the anus. e. radial; the mouth.

d. radial; the anus.

37. The animal below is a __________ and belongs to the phylum __________. a. hydra; Cnidaria b. jellyfish; Schyphozoa c. hydra; Hydrozoa d. sea anemone; Cnidaria e. sea anemone; Anthozoa Refer to picture 6

d. sea anemone; Cnidaria

25. Diatoms have __________ shells and four membranes around their chloroplast. Based on these characteristics, one might infer that the evolution of the diatom lineage involved __________ endosymbiosis. a. chain mail; chivalrous b. silica; primary c. calcium carbonate; secondary d. silica; secondary e. calcium carbonate; primary

d. silica; secondary

41. Which of the following is NOT true? a. All animals are multicellular. b. All animal cells lack cell walls. c. Animals live in many different habitats. d. All animals are heterotrophs. e. All animals have haplodiplontic life cycles

e. All animals have haplodiplontic life cycles

Which of the following is true? a. Fungi have open mitosis. b. All fungi are multicellular. c. Fungi are more closely related to plants than animals. d. Seeds are the most common means of reproduction among fungi. e. Fungi are heterotrophs because they obtain food by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. 

e. Fungi are heterotrophs because they obtain food by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment.

Infection of a plant's roots with nematodes followed by infection with fungi is more damaging to the plant than fungal infection followed by nematode infection. If you hypothesized that the wounding of the roots by the nematodes' sharp mouth parts facilitates fungal infection, which of the following might best test this hypothesis? a. Mechanical wounding of the roots followed by exposure to nematodes b. Exposure to nematodes alone c. Exposure to fungi followed by exposure to nematodes d. Exposure to fungi alone e. Mechanical wounding of the roots followed by exposure to fungi

e. Mechanical wounding of the roots followed by exposure to fungi

48. Classical phylogenetic trees were based on: a. anatomical comparisons. b. comparisons of embryonic development. c. gene sequence comparisons. d. all of the above. e. both a and b.

e. both a and b.

45. In a mouse, the tail is _____ and the belly is _____. a. anterior; dorsal b. ventral; anterior c. dorsal; posterior d. ventral; dorsal e. posterior; ventral

e. posterior; ventral

5. Under times of stress, many protists undergo ___________ reproduction, which __________ genetic diversity a. asexual; increases b. photographic; enlarges c. sexual; decreases d. asexual; decreases e. sexual; increases

e. sexual; increases