Bio-182: Exam 3 Amplifier: Animal Form and Function

Regarding animal physiology, which are correct?

-Conformers spend less energy regulating internal temperature. -Hibernation is an example of torpor.

Which of the following would decrease the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

-Countercurrent exchange -Feathers -Vasoconstriction

Which are examples of convergent evolution?

-Seals and penguins both have fusiform body types. -Birds use wings for flight and so do bats.

Given the data on the pie chart, which are correct?

-The smallest animal expends the most energy on thermoregulation per kg of body weight. ----------------------------- -The penguin expends more total energy on basal metabolism than the python. -The largest animal expends the most energy on activity per kg of body weight.

Which of the following would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

-Vasodilation -Convection

Which of the following characteristics is likely to be found in larger versus smaller animals?

A highly branched respiratory system

Which of the six major types of connective tissue has a rigid matrix that contains collagen and calcium salts?

Bone

Ligaments connect ________ to ________.

Bone; bone

Microscopic analysis of an unknown tissue sample reveals the presence of chondrocytes, indicating that the sample was probably taken from __________ tissue.

Cartilage

A neuron receives nerve impulses from other neurons via its _________ and __________.

Cell body; dendrites

Which of the following lists of animal structures is ordered from smallest to largest?

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system

Which of the following is a benefit of multicellularity compared to organisms consisting of just one cell?

Cells can specialize.

Which of the following organ systems in mammals is mismatched with its function?

Circulatory; coordination of body activities

Which of the following systems is correctly paired with one of its parts?

Endocrine system; thyroid gland

An organism that generates body heat by means of its own metabolism is _________, and an organism that gains body heat from external sources is ________.

Endothermic; ectothermic

Which cells allow an animal to exploit branching and folding?

Epithelial

Which of the following statements correctly describes a difference between hormone signaling and neuron signaling?

Hormone signals travel throughout the body, but neuron signals travel to specific locations.

During a fever, the __________ readjusts the set point of the body to a __________ temperature.

Hypothalamus; higher

Match each muscle type to its decsription.

Interconnected via intercalated disks that relay signals to synchronize contraction-->Cardiac Spindle-shaped; responsible for involuntary body activities-->Smooth Striated; responsible for voluntary movement-->Skeletal

Humid weather makes you feel warmer because humid air, which is saturated with water molecules, __________.

Interferes with heat loss by evaporation

Match each term to its definition.

Maintenance of a stable set of conditions in the body-->Homeostasis Physiological adjustment to a particular change in an environmental factor-->Acclimatization Value maintained for a particular variable-->Set point Change in a variable triggers a response that counteracts the initial change-->Negative feedback Change in a variable triggers a response that reinforces the change-->Positive feedback

When a person's body temperature increases, sweating helps bring the temperature down. This is an example of __________.

Negative feedback

__________ feedback most directly maintains homeostasis because it __________.

Negative; tends to keep a system at a desirable "set point"

The __________ system and the __________ system work together to coordinate and control the bodies of most animals.

Nervous; endocrine

In blood, the matrix component is ________, and the cellular component contains _________.

Plasma; red and white blood cells

Myosin and actin are __________.

Proteins that play a major role in muscle contraction

Which of the following mammals would you expect to have the highest basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Shrew

Which of the following pairs of connective tissue and its function is correctly matched?

Tendons; attach muscles to bones

Interstitial fluid is __________.

The fluid that fills the spaces between cells of vertebrates

Most cells are microscopic because at this small size, __________.

The ratio of surface area to cell volume is maximized

The main function(s) of connective tissues in the body is/are _________.

To hold tissues and organs in place and to join adjacent tissues together

A physiological state of decreased activity and metabolism that is an adaptation enabling animals to save energy while avoiding difficult and dangerous conditions is known as _________.

Torpor

Match the type of heat transfer to its example.

Your body does this 24 hours a day regardless of conditions.-->Radiation You lie out by the pool on a sunny day.-->Absorption In a breeze, sweating cools you down.-->Evaporation You lie down on a cool tile floor.-->Conduction The wind blows through your clothes on a cold day.-->Convection