Bio 183 Practice Final Daddy Jacquet

1. If the following mutation took place in an RNA strand, it would be called a missense mutation Before mutation 5' UGG CAA ACU CUG 3' After mutation 5' UGG CAU ACU CUG 3' a. True b. False

a. True

1. Which of the following best describes proteasomes? a. A proteasome is protein complex whose purpose is to hydrolyse ubiquinated proteins. b. A proteasome a generic term that describes a specific sequence of amino acids that performs similar functions in all proteins in which it is found. c. A proteasome is a vesicle that carries proteins in the cytoplasm d. A proteasome is an enzyme that converts mRNA into proteins.

a. A proteasome is protein complex whose purpose is to hydrolyse ubiquinated proteins.

1. What type of enzyme inhibition is represented below? Substrate and Inhibitor Compete for Site a. Competitive inhibition b. Non-competitive inhibition c. Positive feedback inhibition d. Cofacilitation

a. Competitive inhibition

1. Cortisol is a signaling molecule released in the blood stream by adrenal glands. Its effects on the brain are an example of which of the following? a. Endocrine signaling b. Autocrine signaling c. Paracrine signaling d. Direct contact e. None of the above

a. Endocrine signaling

1. Polymers of macromolecules (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) can be broken down into individual monomers by which process? a. Hydrolysis b. Catalysis c. Dehydration d. The formation of peptide bonds between monomers e. Condensation

a. Hydrolysis

1. Which of the following is a disaccharide? a. Maltose b. Galactose c. Glycogen d. Starch e. Fructose

a. Maltose

1. Which of the following is true about nucleosomes? a. Nucleosomes are composed of histones arranged in a zig-zag pattern to make a 30nm DNA fiber b. Nucleosomes are made of 9 histones c. Nucleosomes contribute greatly to DNA compaction d. All of these statements (a, b, and c) are true

a. Nucleosomes are composed of histones arranged in a zig-zag pattern to make a 30nm DNA fiber

1. According to the theory of alternative splicing... a. One gene may encode for more than one protein b. One sequence of mRNA may be split into several subunits c. Various tissues may express the same genes differently d. All of the above statements are correct

a. One gene may encode for more than one protein

1. Retroviruses such as HIV mostly utilize their host's machinery to make more viruses. However, to function properly, retroviruses may also need to incorporate (an) extra enzyme(s) that is/are normally not present in their host's proteome. This/these enzyme(s) is/are: a. Reverse transcriptase b. Integrase c. DNA polymerase III d. Both a and b are correct

a. Reverse transcriptase

1. DNA replication is known to follow which of the following patterns a. Semi-conservative mechanism b. Conservative mechanism c. Dispersive mechanism d. Untraditional mechanism

a. Semi-conservative mechanism

1. Which of the following are you least likely to find inside a virus? a. Single-stranded DNA b. RNA polymerase c. Reverse transcriptase d. Single stranded RNA e. Integrase

a. Single-stranded DNA

1. Which of the following is true about transcription factors in eukaryotes? a. They often bind DNA in the area of the TATA box b. They tend to bind DNA in the major grooves c. They often form complexes made of several subunits d. All of the above statements are true

a. They often bind DNA in the area of the TATA box

1. Calcium is an important intracellular messenger a. True b. False

a. True

1. A hypothetical cell whose plasma membrane is made of a phospholipid bilayer only(no channels or anything of that sort) is placed in a solution of 100mM NaCl. The intracellular NaCl concentration is 200mM. What would you expect to observe? a. Water would move in the cell by osmosis b. Nothing would happen. The membrane is impermeable to NaCl and water c. NaCl would move out of the cell, down its concentration gradient d. Water would move out of the cell by osmosis e. NaCl would be pumped out of the cell

a. Water would move in the cell by osmosis

1. Which of the following RNA sequence would you expect to be synthetized from the following DNA strands Template: 5' ATC GCC TCA TTA ACT 3' (See genetic code table on p. 6) Coding: 3' TAG CGG AGT AAT TGA 5' a. 5' UAG CGG AGU AAU UGA 3' b. 3' UAG CGG AGU AAU UGA 5' c. 5' AUC GCC UCA UUA ACU 3' d. 3' AUC GCC UCA UUA ACU 5' e. None of the above

b. 3' UAG CGG AGU AAU UGA 5'

1. A nucleotide mutation that converts a regular codon (coding for an amino acid) into a STOP codon is called a. A missense mutation b. A nonsense mutation c. A silent mutation d. A frameshift mutation

b. A nonsense mutation

1. Based on body size only, you would expect a mouse to have an easier time conserving heat than a dog does a. True b. False

b. False

1. Intracellular receptors that affect gene expression (as is the case for steroid receptors, for instance) typically have faster effects that transmembrane receptors such as GPCRs or RTKs a. True b. False

b. False

1. The following cartoon represents a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) a. True b. False

b. False (it is an RTK because it is dimerizing)

1. Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions by a. Converting substrates and products in their allosteric site b. Lowering the activation energy necessary to start the reaction c. Increasing gene activity d. Phosphorylating all substrates in the reaction e. combining substrates and inhibitors in the active site

b. Lowering the activation energy necessary to start the reaction

1. Which of the following best explains the process of photosynthesis a. Photosynthesis works best in the green range of the visible spectrum b. Photosynthesis works best in the red and blue ranges of the visible spectrum c. The rate of photosynthesis is at its highest outside of the visible light spectrum d. The rate of photosynthesis is at its highest in the X-ray range of the electromagnetic spectrum e. Photosynthesis sucks! (this is NOT the correct answer!!)

b. Photosynthesis works best in the red and blue ranges of the visible spectrum

1. During the initiation of translation in eukaryotes, the first tRNA is brought into which site of which ribosomal subunit? a. The A site of 40S subunit b. The P site of 60S subunit c. The A site of the 30S subunit d. The E site of 60S subunit

b. The P site of 60S subunit

1. Which of the following is false about the repressor encoded by the lac regulatory gene? a. The repressor binds to the operator b. The repressor is inhibited by beta-galactosidase c. The repressor is the product of the LacIgene d. The repressor is active (bound to DNA) when lactose is not present

b. The repressor is inhibited by beta-galactosidase

1. The cloverleaf-shaped molecule that carries an anticodon at one end and an amino acid at the other is called a. mRNA b. tRNA c. ShRNA d. SiRNA

b. tRNA

1. The bond that connects the carboxyl end of an amino acid with the amino end of another one is called a. A disulfide bridge b. A hydrogen bond c. A peptide bond d. A phosphodiester bond e. A James bond

c. A peptide bond

1. The main difference between active and passive transport across a cell membrane is a. Active transport requires channels while passive transport does not b. Active transport requires carrier proteins while passive transport does not c. Active transport requires energy while passive transport does not d. Active transport is always much faster than passive transport e. Passive transport can only happen unidirectionally (from the inside to the outside of the cell)

c. Active transport requires energy while passive transport does not

1. The sum of all intracellular reactions involved in the building upof macromolecules is called a. Catabolism b. Catalysis c. Anabolism d. Hydrolysis e. Metabolism

c. Anabolism

1. Which of the following is true regarding extranuclear inheritance? a. Extranuclear inheritance happens only in prokaryotes b. Extranuclear inheritance follows a pattern of independent allele segregation c. Extranuclear inheritance refers mainly to mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA d. Extranuclear inheritance follows the patterns of inheritance hypothesized by Mendel

c. Extranuclear inheritance refers mainly to mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA

1. In lungs, O2moves freely across the cell membrane of alveoli, down its concentration gradient, and without the requirement of any carrier protein or any input of external energy. This is an example of a. Active transport b. Osmosis c. Passive diffusion d. Facilitated diffusion e. Cotransport

c. Passive diffusion

1. The advantages of using Ca2+and cAMP downstream of G-protein-coupled receptors are a. Preservation of ATP b. Conservation of energy c. Signal amplification and speed d. Ca2+and cAMP are always readily available in the endoplasmic reticulum e. None of the above

c. Signal amplification and speed

1. When the receptor from the previous question is activated, the direct intracellular response would most likely be a. A release of calcium form the smooth endoplasmic reticulum b. An increase in intracellular cAMP production c. The activation of an intracellular cascade of kinases d. The regulation of transcription trough receptor translocation e. Both b and c

c. The activation of an intracellular cascade of kinases

1. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are extremely specific enzymes. Without this high level of specificity, a. Ribosomes would not assemble properly b. Okazaki fragments could not be linked together c. The amino acid sequence of polypeptide would often be wrong d. mRNA would be unable to connect with ribosomes

c. The amino acid sequence of polypeptide would often be wrong

1. The purpose of the 5' cap on eukaryotic mRNA is a. To initiate transcription b. To act as a start codon c. To allow the attachment of ribosomes d. To end the translation process

c. To allow the attachment of ribosomes

1. The method you used in lab to insert a GFP-encoding plasmid in bacteria is called a. Transduction b. Mad skills (don't pick this answer!) c. Transformation d. Conjugation

c. Transformation

1. Which of the following is true about telomerase a. Telomerase extends the 3' end of DNA strands by a few nucleotides b. Telomerase activity decreases over time c. Telomerase contains its own template of repetitive nucleotide sequence d. All of these statements are true

d. All of these statements are true

1. Which of the following is true about miRNA and siRNA? a. They both allow the regulation of genes expression at the transcriptional level b. They both involve the recruitment of dicer and a RISC complex c. They work by binding to mRNA and preventing its expression d. Answer B and C are correct

d. Answer B and C are correct

1. Which of the following is true about operons in general? a. They are found primarily in prokaryotes b. They allow the finest level of gene regulation seen in eukaryotes c. They are composed of a cluster of genes regulated by a single promoter region d. Answers A and C are correct

d. Answers A and C are correct

1. Which of the following is true about gene regulation during transcription? a. Active DNA regions tend to have methylated histones b. Inactive DNA regions tend to have acetylated histones c. Nucleosomes may be displaced or remodeled d. Answers a and b are both true

d. Answers a and b are both true

1. The pattern of inheritance illustrated by the various blood types is an example of a. Incomplete dominance b. Polygenic inheritance c. Epistasis d. Codominance e. Sex-linked inheritance

d. Codominance

1. Steroid hormones such as testosterone and estrogen (both hydrophilic hormones) are known to bind to which of the following? a. Ligand-gated channels b. G-protein-coupled receptors c. Receptor tyrosine kinases d. Intracellular receptors e. None of the above

d. Intracellular receptors

1. The regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes and prokaryotes may take place at which of the following levels: a. At the transcriptional level b. At the translational level c. At the post-translational level d. Regulation may take place at all the levels listed above (in a, b, and c)

d. Regulation may take place at all the levels listed above (in a, b, and c)

1. Which of the following answers describes what happens to the Lacoperon when Glucose is high and Lactose is low a. The CAP protein would bind to the CAP site, and the Lacrepressor would bind to the operator b. Allolactose would block both the CAP protein and the Lacrepressor c. Neither would the CAP protein bind to the CAP site, nor would the Lacrepressor bind to the operator d. The CAP protein would not bind to the CAP site, but the Lacrepressor would bind to the operator

d. The CAP protein would not bind to the CAP site, but the Lacrepressor would bind to the operator

1. The LacIgene is constitutively active, which suggests which of the following a. The CAP protein is made continuously b. Allolactose is always present c. TheLacoperon is always expressed d. The Lacrepressor is made constantly

d. The Lacrepressor is made constantly

1. Some bacteriophages have a latent phase in their reproductive cycle during which they integrate their DNA in their host's genome. During this phase, they do not actually reproduce and/or kill their host cell. This phase is known as a. The lytic cycle b. The rhythmic cycle c. The Krebs cycle d. The lysogenic cycle

d. The lysogenic cycle

1. Which of the following is not a common DNA-binding motif? a. Helix-turn helix b. Zinc finger c. Leucine zipper d. beta-pleated sheet

d. beta-pleated sheet

1. In cellular respiration, which of the following are products of glycolysis? a. Acetyl CoA and ATP b. Acetyl CoA and citric acid c. Glucose, ATP, and NADPH d. Citric acid, ATP, and Acetyl CoA e. ATP and NADH

e. ATP and NADH

1. Which statement about ATP is correct? a. ATP serves as an energy "currency" inside the cell b. The reaction of ATP -> ADP + P is coupled to endergonic reactions c. The reaction of ATP -> ADP + P is an exergonic reaction d. The main source of ATP production for an entire plant cells is its mitochondria e. All answers are correct

e. All answers are correct

1. Which of the following role(s) is/are commonly performed by proteins? a. Cytoskeletal support b. Catalysis of chemical reactions c. Formation of transmembrane receptors d. Intracellular transport e. All of the above

e. All of the above

1. The molecule below would most likely be found in which of the following? a. RNA b. Cell membrane c. A protein d. Starch e. DNA

e. DNA

1. Two F1generation offsprings of a monohybrid cross have similar phenotypes. In order to determine whether these 2 organisms are homozygous dominant or heterozygous, one may attempt to a. To cross those organisms with the P generation b. Cross those organisms with each other c. Draw a Punnett square d. The only way to address this question is by sequencing their whole genome e. Do a testcross

e. Do a testcross

1. In prokaryotes, the processing of mRNA would include a. Addition of a 5' cap b. Addition of a 3' poly-A tail c. Removal of introns d. All of the above e. None of the above

e. None of the above

1. Which of the following best describes the movement of small polar ions such as Na+, Cl-, K+, and Ca2+ across a regular cell membrane? a. The membrane is entirely permeable to these ions, in all conditions b. The membrane restricts the movement of NA+and K+, but not other ions c. The membrane is totally impermeable to small polar ions d. The membrane allows the movement of small polar ions only if both sides of the membrane are isotonic e. The membrane allows the movement of these ions only through specific channels and pumps

e. The membrane allows the movement of these ions only through specific channels and pumps

1. Which of the following factors have the ability to denature most enzymes, thereby affecting their functionality? a. Oven temperature b. pH = 14 c. Fridge temperature d. pH = 1 e. a, b, and d can denature enzymes, but not c

e. a, b, and d can denature enzymes, but not c