BIO 2

Which statement best defines a gene?

A segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a gene product.

Which of the following are considered to be genetic traits and therefore inheritable?

Facial features, including nose shape, dimples, and freckles Eye color

Which of the following statements best explains why genetic traits are inheritable?

Genetic traits are controlled by our genes and are passed down over generations from parents to offspring.

Which of the following best explains how the structure of hemoglobin is tied to its function?

Hemoglobin consists of four globin polypeptides, each surrounding an iron-containing heme group. It is the heme group that binds to oxygen, allowing red blood cells to transport oxygen throughout the body.

Which of the following statements best summarizes the impacts of sickle-cell disease on the circulatory system.

Misshapen red blood cells clump together, blocking capillaries from blood flow.

Select all of the ways that mutated red blood cells impact the circulatory system.

Mutated red blood cells have a sickle-shaped appearance. Mutated red blood cells clump together, blocking blood flow in capillaries.

Select all of the following ways that sickle-cell disease impacts the circulatory system.

Oxygen concentrations drop, resulting in anemia. Misshaped red blood cells block capillaries, restricting blood flow. Altered hemoglobin sticks together, altering the shape of red blood cells.

Which of the following best describes the structure of red blood cells?

Red blood cells have a flattened, disc-like shape with no nuclei.

Select all of the following that best describe the functions of red blood cells within the body.

Red blood cells transport oxygen to all tissues cells within the body. Red blood cells transport carbon dioxide away from all tissue cells within the body.

Select all of the following ways that sickle-cell disease impacts the body.

Restricted blood flow causes joint pain and kidney failure. Mutated hemoglobin molecules cannot adequately transport oxygen, resulting in anemia. Restricted blood flow reduces the body's ability to fight off infection. Misshapen red blood cells block capillaries, preventing blood flow.

Which of the following best recalls how sickle-cell disease impacts the circulatory system?

Sickle-cell disease results in anemia, or low oxygen levels.

Within red blood cells, carbon dioxide is transported as

carbonic: acid

Differentiate between internal and external respiration by matching each type of respiration with its description.

external respiration Occurs when red blood cells exchange gases with the environment at the alveoli internal respiration Occurs when red blood cells exchange gases with tissue cells of the body

Segments of DNA that contain information that produces a product are called

genes

The passage of genes from one generation to the next is called

inheritance

Sickle-cell disease is an ideal candidate for study because

its inheritance pattern is well understood and the disease is controlled by a single mutation in a single gene.

Complete the following sentence. Sickle-cell disease is caused by _____ mutation(s) on _____ gene(s).

one; one

The gene mutation for sickle-cell disease results in mutated red blood cells with a(n) _____ shape, causing them to clump together and block blood flow within capillaries.

sickle

Select all of the following ways that sickle-cell disease impacts the respiratory system.

Decreased levels of oxygen result in anemia. Blocked capillaries result in acute chest syndrome, causing pain, shortness of breath, and a high fever. Blocked capillaries result in a decrease in oxygen delivery to tissues.

Which of the following statements best differentiates between internal respiration and external respiration?

External respiration occurs when red blood cells exchange gases with the environment within the lungs and internal respiration occurs as red blood cells exchange gases at the tissue cells of the body.

Select all of the following traits that are controlled by our genes.

Eye color, hair color, and skin color The presence and functioning of our internal organs Our likelihood for developing sickle-cell disease

Which statement best summarizes how hemoglobin is involved in gas exchange?

Hemoglobin binds to oxygen within red blood cells, transporting it to tissue cells of the body.

Which of the following statements best describes how hemoglobin carries oxygen?

Hemoglobin binds with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin, which is transported in red blood cells.

Select all of the following characteristics of hemoglobin that describe both its structure and function.

Hemoglobin carries oxygen in red blood cells throughout the body. Hemoglobin consists of four globin polypeptide molecules that surround an iron-containing heme group.

Which of the following statements best explains the function of hemoglobin in the respiratory and circulatory systems.

Hemoglobin carries oxygen in red blood cells, allowing oxygen to travel from the lungs to the tissue cells of the body.

Sickle-cell disease is an easy disease to study because

It is controlled by a single mutation in a single gene. Its inheritance pattern is well understood

Which of the following statements best summarizes the impacts of sickle-cell disease on the respiratory system.

Mutated and misshapen red blood cells block blood flow in capillaries, resulting in decreased oxygen levels, acute chest syndrome, and eventually sickle crisis.

How does sickle-cell disease impact the circulatory system?

Mutated hemoglobin clumps together in red blood cells, resulting in their sickle-shape.

Which of the following statements best explains the reason for most of the impacts of sickle-cell on the body?

Mutated hemoglobin molecules result in misshapen red blood cells that cannot perform their function in the body.

Which of the following traits are associated with sickle-cell disease?

Mutated hemoglobin proteins that result in sickle-shaped red blood cells

Which of the following statements best describes the chemical reactions involving oxygen that take place during gas exchange?

Oxygen binds to the iron in hemoglobin, forming oxyhemoglobin.

Which of the following processes occurs during gas exchange in the body?

Oxygen diffuses into red blood cells within the alveoli of the lungs.

If the partial pressure of oxygen is greater in the alveoli than in the blood, which of the following will occur?

Oxygen will diffuse out of the alveoli and into red blood cells.

Select all of the following that best describe the structure of red blood cells.

Red blood cells have no nucleus. Red blood cells have a flattened, disc shape.

Which of the following aspects of a red blood cell's structure are most responsible for their function?

Red blood cells lack a nucleus and contain an abundance of hemoglobin molecules.

Which of the following sentences best summarizes how the structure of red blood cells impacts their function?

Red blood cells lack nuclei and contain numerous hemoglobin molecules, resulting in a flattened, disc-like shape.

Select all of the following traits that are associated with sickle-cell disease.

Red blood cells that are sickle-shaped in appearance. Malfunctioning hemoglobin proteins

Which of the following best describes the function of red blood cells within the body?

Red blood cells transport gases to and from all tissue cells within the body.

Select all of the following ways that sickle-cell disease impacts the respiratory system.

Sickle-cell disease alters blood oxygen levels, causing sickle crisis. Sickle-cell disease causes misshapen red blood cells that reduce oxygen levels, causing anemia.

Which of the following statements about the impacts of sickle-cell disease on the immune and lymphatic systems is true?

Sickle-cell disease creates a lowered immunity in the body, resulting in an increase in infections.

Which of the following traits are controlled entirely by our genes?

The likelihood of developing sickle-cell disease

Which of the following best defines inheritance?

The movement of genes from one generation to the next

Which of the following statements best describes the process of gas exchange in the body?

When blood enters the lungs, oxygen diffuses into red blood cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out of red blood cells. When blood reaches the tissue cells of the body, oxygen diffuses out of red blood cells and carbon dioxide diffuses into red blood cells.

Small, sac-like structures within lungs that interact with capillary networks to allow the rapid diffusion of gases into or out of red blood cells are called

alveoli or alveolus

Complete the sentence: Within the body, carbon dioxide is transported

as carbonic acid within the center of red blood cells.

Within red blood cells, hemoglobin functions to

bind and transport oxygen as oxyhemoglobin to the tissue cells of the body.

Choose the word to best complete the following sentence: Sickle-cell disease (increases/decreases) immunity in the body, resulting in an (increase/decrease) in the number of infections.

decreases increases

Basic units of inheritance that contain information to make products are called

genes

Segments of DNA called _____ contain information that produce a product.

genes

Segments of DNA that control all the traits in humans are called

genes

The basic units of inheritance that contain information to make proteins and are passed down from parent to offspring are called

genes

Within red blood cells, hemoglobin molecules interact with oxygen to form ______ molecules.

oxyhemoglobin

Within red blood cells, oxygen is transported as ____and carbon dioxide is transported as ______ acid.

oxyhemoglobin carbonic