Bio 2010 Exam 2

22. Active Transport is when a. A cell uses energy to move molecules or ions against a concentration gradient b. A cell does not use any energy to move molecules or ions across membrane c. A cell does not use transport proteins to move molecules

A

23. Exocytosis is when a. Vesicle move large/many particles out of the cell b. Vesicle move large/many particles into the cell

A

24. Endocytosis is when a. Vesicles move large/many particles into the cell b. Vesicle s move large/many particles out of the cell

A

8. What is one function of proteins in cell membranes? a. Transport into and out of the cell b. Photosynthesis c. Cellular respiration d. None of the above

A

13. The nuclear membrane is: a. A single membrane b. A double membrane c. A triple membrane d. There is no nuclear membrane

A double membrane

14. Functions of membrane proteins are: (mark all correct answers) a. Carry out chemical reactions b. Help cells communicate and recognize each other c. Transport materials across the membrane d. Synthesizing new polypeptides

A, b, and c

2. The nucleus is found in plant and animal cells and contains a. Genetic material, DNA b. Holds organelles c. Protects cell d. Maintains cell shape

A. Genetic Material, DNA

Which of the following is a correct difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion?

Active transport requires energy from ATP, and facilitated diffusion does not.

1. Plasma membrane: a. Is comprised of a phospholipid bilayer surrounding a cell b. Defines the boundary of the cell c. Regulates the movement of chemicals into and out of the cell d. Is found in plant and animal cells e. All of the above f. None of the above

All the above

11. Through many studies, including imagery of cells using an electron microscope, it has been determined that the cell membrane consists of two layers. This is known as the bilayer. What is this bilayer composed of? a. Chlorolipids b. Phospholipids c. Carbolipids d. Tellolipids

B

12. The component molecules of the cell membrane have two main parts, the head and the tails. These parts are either hydrophobic or hydrophilic. Which is which? a. Hydrophilic Tail and Hydrophobic Head b. Hydrophilic Head and Hydrophobic Tail c. Both Hydrophobic d. Both Hydrophilic

B

15. Diffusion is a movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, and requires energy a. True b. False

B

16. Passive transport a. Requires energy b. Diffusion across a membrane; no energy used by the cell c. Requires transport proteins d. Uses carrier proteins

B

17. Facilitated diffusion a. Requires energy b. Movement of substances across a membrane with help from transport proteins, no energy required c. Movement of substances across a membrane without help from transport proteins

B

9. The cell membrane is the outermost part of an animal cell, and, is located inside the cell wall in plant cells. What is another name for the cell membrane? a. Liquid Membrane b. Plasma Membrane c. Pastoral Membrane d. Conjoint Membrane

B

5. Phospholipid bilayer is a a. Structure of phosphore b. Membranes that are formed by a 2 layers of phospholipids c. Is a layer of chlorophyll d. Rigid wall around cells

B. Membranes that are formed by a 2 layers of phospholipids

6. In plant cells, the cell membrane can form a channel by which substances can pass directly from one cell to the next. What is the name given to these channels? a. Thylodesmata b. Plasmodesmata c. Chlorodesmata d. Mitodesmata

B. Plasmodesmata

Why is energy required for active transport?

Because it moves solutes against their concentration gradient

10. Which of these is true of the cell membrane in both animal and plant cells? a. None of these b. It is fully permeable c. It is selectively permeable d. It is fully impermeable

C

13. The net movement of a substance will follow a concentration gradient from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. What is the name of this biological process? a. Refraction b. Diffusion c. Integration d. Sublimation

C

7. The tail of a phospholipid is... a. Made of carbohydrates b. Made of proteins c. Made of fatty acid chains d. Hydrophilic e. None of the above

C

3. Prokaryotic cells: a. Cells with nucleus and other organelles b. Cells in plants and animals c. Cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles and are in bacteria and archaea

C. Cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles and are in bacteria and archae

11. Mitochondria (choose all that apply) a. Convert light energy into chemical energy (ATP) b. Are found only in plant cells c. Converts glucose to chemical energy (ATP) d. Are found in plant and animal cells

C. Converts glucose to chemical energy (ATP) and D. Are Found in plant and animal cells

4. Eukaryotic cells are cells a. With no nucleus or other organelles b. of bacteria and archaea c. that have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

C. That have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

Which of the following molecules is most likely to passively diffuse across the plasma membrane?

Carbon dioxide

6. What is the function of the carbohydrates attached to proteins and lipids on the outside of the cell membrane? a. Pumps and channels b. Cell-to-cell recognition and communication c. Strength d. Break down organelles

Cell to cell communication

What function do carbohydrates fulfill in the plasma membrane?

Cell to cell recognition

10. Photosynthetic organelles found in plants and algae cells ___________

Chloroplasts

19. In the Golgi apparatus, the _____ side is closer to the Rough and Smooth ER and the ____ side is closer to the plasma membrane. a. Cis: trans b. Trans: cis c. Both cis and trans are on the same side

Cis; Trans

Which of the following pairs of pathways and their location in the cell is incorrectly matched?

Citric acid cycle: cytosol

Which of the following statements is correct regarding competitive and noncompetitive enzyme inhibitors?

Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site of an enzyme while noncompetitive inhibitors bind to an enzyme away from the active site.

The network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in a cell __________.

Cytoskeloton

Which of the following statements about enzymes is true?

Enzymes speed up the rate of the reaction without changing the ΔG for the reaction

In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization.

The primary manner in which cells manage their energy resources in order to do work is called energy coupling. Which of the following statements accurately defines energy coupling?

Exergonic reactions drive endergonic reactions.

Which of the following reactions would be endergonic?

Glucose + fructose → sucrose

8. This cellular organelle modifies, sorts, and routes proteins and lipids to their next destination ___________ ___________

Golgi Apparatus

20. From 19 above, solution B with the lower concentration of water is called __________________

Hypertonic

19. When solution A has a higher concentration of water than solution B, solution A is _________________

Hypotonic

21. Two solutions in which the concentration of water is equal are called ___________

Isotonic

4. Which of these statements best describes the function of the cell membrane? a. It allows substances to freely enter and exit the cell. b. It controls which substances enter and exit the cell. c. It prevents substances from entering the cell. d. It prevents substances from leaving the cell.

It controls which substrate enters and exits the cell

Which of the following statements about diffusion is true?

It is passive process

Which of the following statements is correct regarding kinetic and potential energy?

Kinetic energy is associated with the relative motion of objects, and potential energy is the energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure

9. This cellular organelle contains digestive enzymes and a very low pH; it digests nutrients and recycles old organelles _________

Lysosomes

Which of the following is true regarding metabolic pathways?

Metabolic pathways consist of a series of reactions, each catalyzed by a different enzyme

18. Which of the following organelles are found in both plants and animals? a. Chloroplasts b. Mitochondria c. Central vacuole d. Cell wall

Mitochondria

The endosymbiont theory explains the origins of __________.

Mitochondria and chlorplasts

1. The head of a phospholipid is... a. Made of carbohydrates b. Made of proteins c. Made of nucleic acids d. Hydrophobic e. None of the above

None of the above

The region of a bacterial cell that contains the genetic material is called the __________.

Nucleoid

15. This cellular structure is inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes a. DNA b. Lysosomes c. Microtubles d. Nucleolus

Nucleus

18. The passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called ________.

Osmosis

Which of the following is a correct description of the events of cellular respiration and the sequence of events in cellular respiration?

Oxidation of glucose to pyruvate; oxidation of pyruvate; oxidation of acetyl-coA; oxidative phosphorylation

Which of the following statements about passive transport is correct?

Passive transport permits the solute to move in either direction, but the net movement of the population of solute molecules occurs down the concentration gradient of the molecule.

__________ are membrane-bound metabolic compartments that specialize in the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and its conversion to water.

Peroxisomes

3. The "fluiPLUSd" part of cell membranes is made up of: a. Phospholipid bilayer b. Protein pumps c. Glycoproteins d. Carbohydrates e. Transport proteins

Phospholipid bilayer

Which of the following molecules are most abundant in the plasma membrane?

Phospholipids

Cell junctions in plant cells are called __________, and communicating junctions in animal cells are called __________.

Plasmodesmata; Gap junction

5. In the diagram below, what structure is labeled with the letter B? a. Carbohydrate b. Cholesterol c. Protein d. Lipid

Protein

How does the "fluid mosaic model" describe the structure of the plasma membrane?

Proteins in the membrane contribute to the mosaic quality of the membrane while the lateral and rotational movements of phospholipids contribute to its fluidity.

17. The smooth ER produces a. Polypeptides b. Proteins c. Lipids d. Enzymes

Protiens

In preparing pyruvate to enter the citric acid cycle, which of the following steps occurs?

Pyruvate is oxidized and decarboxylated, and the removed electrons are used to reduce an NAD+ to an NADH

7. _______________ use instructions from DNA to build proteins. Some are found on endoplasmic reticulum, some float in the cytoplasm.

Ribosomes

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?

Ribosomes

14. This organelle has ribosomes attached to its outer surface a. Rough ER b. Golgi Apparatus c. Peroxisomes d. Ribosomes e. Nucleus

Rough ER

16. Someone who consumes a lot of alcohol would have more ___________ than someone who consumes no alcohol. a. Lysosomes b. Golgi apparatus c. Smooth ER d. Cytoskeleton

Smooth ER

2. A membrane is permeable to hydrogen (H 2 ), but impermeable to sodium ions. Which molecule cannot move into the cell? a. Hydrogen b. Sodium ions c. Both hydrogen and sodium ions d. Neither

Sodium ions

What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane?

Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores

A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through __________.

The Plasma Membrane

Which of the following is changed by the presence of an enzyme in a reaction?

The activation energy

Which of the following statements about the active site of an enzyme is correct?

The active site may resemble a groove or pocket in the surface of a protein into which the substrate fits

Most of the NADH that delivers electrons to the electron transport chain comes from which of the following processes?

The citric acid cycle

Which of the following metabolic pathways produce(s) the most ATP, per glucose molecule metabolized, during cellular respiration?

The electron Transport Chain and Oxiditive Phosphorylation

Which of the following statements is correct regarding ATP?

The energy in an ATP molecule is released through hydrolysis of one of the phosphate groups.

At low pH, a particular enzyme catalyzes a reaction at a high rate. At neutral pH, the enzyme is completely inactive. What statement best explains the difference in how pH affects the function of this enzyme?

The enzyme is adapted for low pH but is denatured at neutral pH, leaving it nonfunctional.

The ATP synthase in a human cell obtains energy for synthesizing ATP directly from which of the following processes?

The flow of H+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane through the ATP synthase enzyme

Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?

The intenstinal cells are bound together by tight junctions

The energy from the electrons in NADH and FADH2 fuel what process in the electron transport chain?

The pumping of H+ across the cristae of the mitochondrion

A cell is placed into a solution and the cell shrinks. Which of the following is true regarding the solution?

The solution is hypertonic

Which of the following is correct regarding peripheral proteins?

These proteins are found only on the surface of the plasma membrane.

Which of the following is correct regarding integral proteins?

These proteins exhibit both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties

T/F = The action of inhibitors may be reversible or irreversible.

True

What is the total production of ATP, NADH, and FADH2 in the citric acid cycle from one molecule of glucose?

Two ATP, six NADH, and two FADH2

Which of the following would be least likely to diffuse through a plasma membrane without the help of a transport protein

a large polar molecule

The organelle that is a plant cell's compartment for the storage of inorganic ions such as potassium and chloride is the __________

central vacuole

In facilitated diffusion, __________ proteins provide openings in the plasma membrane for substances to flow through without changing structure, and __________ proteins allow passage of substances through the plasma membrane after undergoing a subtle change in shape.

channel; carrier

The function of cellular respiration is to __________.

extract usable energy from glucose

In the overall process of glycolysis and cellular respiration, __________ is oxidized and __________ is reduced

glucose; oxygen

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they __________.

have no membrane bound organelles in their cytoplasm

Enzyme activity is affected by pH because __________.

high or low pH may disrupt hydrogen bonding or ionic interactions and thus change the shape of the active site

12. Straight hollow tubes of tubulin protein; they give rigidity, shape and organization to a cell is called ___________

microtubules

Microfilaments function in cell motility including __________.

muscle contraction, amoeboid movement, and cytoplasmic streaming in plants

An exergonic (spontaneous) reaction is a chemical reaction that __________.

releases energy when proceeding in the forward direction

An exergonic reaction __________ free energy, and an endergonic reaction __________ free energy

releases; absorbs

In general, the hydrolysis of ATP drives cellular work by __________.

releasing free energy that can be coupled by other reactions

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to __________.

secrete a lot of protein

The plasma membrane exhibits selective permeability. This means that __________.

the plasma membrane allows some substances to flow through it more easily than others

The function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is __________.

to synthesize proteins that are secreted as glycoproteins

The sodium-potassium pump __________.

transports sodium ions out of the cell and transports potassium ions into the cell