BIO 319- Ch 11 Multiple Choice

A) not produce the protein being studied.

1) If a foreign gene is cloned into an expression host, it is important that the host itself A) not produce the protein being studied. B) produce the protein in larger amounts than the vector. C) repress the genetic expression being studied. D) produce signal proteins to tag the host protein.

True

10) One fundamental technique of genetic engineering includes the ability to cut DNA into random fragments.

A) agarose gel electrophoresis

10) To verify a gene was cloned into a vector successfully, sequencing the vector as well as ________ are commonly performed. A) agarose gel electrophoresis B) fluorescence in situ hybridization C) protein purification D) northern blots

True

11) Modification enzymes typically methylate specific bases within the recognition sequence to prevent digestion of the nucleotide sequence by restriction endonucleases.

D) pair of DNA

12) A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) copies an individual gene segment in vitro with a(n) ________ primer(s). A) individual RNA B) individual DNA C) pair of RNA D) pair of DNA

D) GAATTC CTTAAG

13) Which of the following sequences would be cleaved by a type II restriction endonuclease? A) TTGCCGA AACGGCT B) GGGGGGG CCCCCCCC C) GTAATG CATTAC D) GAATTC CTTAAG

True

1) While other types exist, Type II restriction endonucleases are by far the most commonly used enzymes for genetic engineering.

C) plants.

28) The Ti plasmid is best suited for genetically manipulating A) Agrobacterium spp. B) fish. C) plants. D) viruses.

A) during DNA denaturation

14) At which time period(s) during PCR thermocycling is/are hottest in temperature? A) during DNA denaturation B) during primer annealing C) during primer extension/elongation D) Both the first and last cycles are hotter in temperature than all other cycles.

True

14) One important advantage of eukaryotic cells as hosts for cloning vectors is that they already possess the complex RNA and posttranslational processing systems required for the production of eukaryotic proteins.

True

16) Regardless of the DNA polymerase used in PCR, such as Taq or Pfu, they all have an inherent inability to perfectly copy the template strand, which means the polymerases themselves occasionally make mutations in the sequences they copy

True

17) DNA ligase mediates the insertion of foreign DNA into a vector, but it will only be able to do so if the inserts and vector have matching sticky or blunt ends.

A) a reporter gene.

18) Inserting a kanamycin resistance cassette into a catabolic operon to confirm the gene is essential in degradation of a particular compound would involve all of the following EXCEPT A) a reporter gene. B) ligation. C) recombination. D) transformation.

B) screening

2) Detecting a specific protein with an antibody is considered a(n) ________ method. A) selection B) screening C) isolation D) duplication

False

20) Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is used for detecting translational activity of a fused protein, whereas lacZ reporters are used to detect transcriptional activity of a fused gene.

A) a key complementary part of the target gene sequence of interest.

21) The principle behind a nucleic acid probe design is that the probe itself must contain A) a key complementary part of the target gene sequence of interest. B) all of the nucleotide sequence of the gene of interest to conclusively identify the gene. C) an antibody to specifically bind to the gene of interest. D) at least three separate complementary regions of the gene of interest.

D) blunt ends, overhangs, or sticky ends.

24) After digesting a DNA sequence, a restriction endonuclease can generate A) blunt ends. B) overhangs. C) sticky ends. D) blunt ends, overhangs, or sticky ends.

A) DNA ligase.

26) The enzyme that covalently links both strands of a vector and inserted DNA in molecular cloning is A) DNA ligase. B) DNA phosphatase. C) DNA hydrolase. D) DNA transferase

C) recognize nucleotide sequences that are palindromic.

27) Type II restriction endonucleases A) are heterodimers. B) natively function to methylate specific nucleotides and prevent foreign DNA from being incorporated into the genome. C) recognize nucleotide sequences that are palindromic. D) require ATP energy to cleave dsDNA.

True

3) The key steps in cloning a foreign gene into a vector, regardless of the application, involve isolating the insert fragment, ligating the insert into a vector, and transforming it into a host.

A) mRNA / transcribed

4) Expression vectors are designed to ensure that ________ can be efficiently ________. A) mRNA / transcribed B) DNA / transcribed C) mRNA / translated D) DNA / translated

True

4) Strong promoters used for genetic manipulation are usually regulated by specific molecules.

False

7) The lacZ gene is commonly used as a reporter gene, because its substrate lactose is well known and easily measured.

D) unable to cleave methylated DNA

7) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a type II restriction endonuclease? A) cleavage product can be either blunt or sticky ended but is always the same for an individual enzyme B) recognizes a specific palindromic site for cleavage C) recognition site length varies among enzymes but is always the same for an individual enzyme D) unable to cleave methylated DNA

D) reporter genes.

9) The genes encoding luciferase, green fluorescent protein (GFP), and β-galactosidase are typically used in cloning as A) transcription regulators. B) global control genes. C) promoter sequences. D) reporter genes.