bio

How many pairs of chromosomes does a normal, healthy human have?

23

The energy molecule that a cell can use to do cellular work such as muscle contractions is

ATP

Which of the following is true for active transport?

It moves a substance from an area of lower concentration into higher concentration, requires ATP, and a membrane protein.

If there is a high concentration of Na+ in the ECF and a low concentration in the ICF, which way would Na+ move if a Na+ channel opened?

Na+ would move into the cell

Which of the following can cross the cell membrane by simple diffusion?

O2

Which of the following are found in the nucleus of an atom?

Protons

Which of the following will result in creation of a concentration gradient?

Pumps (active transport)

The only use of O2 in the human body is to produce ATP.

True

Which of the following is a substance that resists pH change?

a buffer

Which of the following is the smallest unit that is living and is the foundational unit of anatomy and physiology?

a cell

Diffusion across a membrane is when

a substance moves from high concentrations of that substance to low concentrations of that substance across a cellular membrane.

____________ refers to different forms of the same gene. Each form codes for a slightly different protein.

allele

A substance with a pH lower than 7.0 would be considered

an acid

Which of the following cell surface extensions functions to aid in moving a substance past a cell?

cilia

ABO blood types is an example where more than one protein can be expressed at a time. This is called

codominance

If a cell were placed into a hypertonic solution, the cell would

crenate (shrink)

The chemical reaction that combines monomers is called a(n)

dehydration reaction

Which cell junction strongly joins two cells together and are similar to rivets or buttons?

desmosomes

The electrons

determine how the atom will chemically bond

The lysosome

digests unwanted cellular debris

A human with one dominant allele and one recessive allele would express

dominant phenotype

Which process does a cell use to engulf large substances?

endocytosis

A(n) ________ acts as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions.

enzyme

The type of polysaccharide the human body can produce is

glycogen

The first phase of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm, does not use oxygen, and is called:

glycolysis

A human with one dominant allele and one recessive allele would have a

heterozygous genotype

The type of bond found between two polar molecules is called a(n)

hydrogen bond

A sex-linked trait is one that

is located on either the X or Y chromosome

The ribosome

is the site of protein synthesis

Anaerobic cellular respiration produces

lactic acid

A protein can be denatured (structure permanently changed) by all of the following EXCEPT

low temperature

Inheritance of several characteristics (such as freckles and dimples) follows set patterns called

mendelian inheritance

Which of the following will increase the surface area of a cell for absorption and secretion?

microvilli

Which organelle is necessary for aerobic cellular respiration?

mitochondria

Glucose is an example of a

monomer of a carbohydrate

Water cannot easily interact with which of the following?

non-polar covalent molecules

Production of mRNA from DNA takes place in the

nucleus and is called transcription

__________ refers to a physical characteristic that is expressed by genes.

phenotype

The cellular membrane is composed mostly of

phospholipids

The type of bond produced when two atoms share electrons unequally is called a

polar covalent bond

Water is a(n)

polar covalent molecule

A cation is a

positively charged ion

In the equation A + B -> AB, AB is the

product

Amino acids are the monomer for

proteins

In a solution, the substance being dissolved is the

solute

The main function of triglycerides is to

store energy

During meiosis, if non-disjunction occurs and a fetus has an extra chromosome,

the fetus is likely to have severe consequences

Mitosis is important for

tissue growth, cell replacement, and tissue repair

The energy released during cellular respiration is used

to add a phosphate (P) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to make ATP

A common form of potential energy can be found

within chemical bonds