bio 5 ( unit 3)

Which statement regarding skeletal muscle is TRUE? It depolarizes spontaneously on its own. A. Just like cardiac muscle, it has the property of autorhythmicity. B. Sarcomeres shorten when myofilaments slide along one another. C. The thick myofilaments are composed of the protein actin. D. Calcium is the neurotransmitter used at the neuromuscular junction.

B. Sarcomeres shorten when myofilaments slide along one another.

Which causes the closing of the atrioventricular valves? A. ventricular systole B. ventricular diastole C. atrial diastole D. atrial systole

A. ventricular systole

End Systolic Volume (ESV)

Amount of blood remaining in each ventricle following contraction / systole

What is the average cardiac output? A. 1,000 ml/ minute B. 5,500 ml/minute C. 10,000 ml/ minute

B. 5,500 ml/ minute

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. More fluid is forced out of a capillary than the amount of fluid that diffuses back in. B. The major influential factor in the capillary at the venular end is the hydrostatic pressure inward. C. The majority of the blood volume is within the venous system. D. Capillaries are the exchange vessels

B. The major influential factor in the capillary at the venular end is the hydrostatic pressure inward.

When blood is pumped from the ventricles into the arteries, the AV valves are________, and the semilunar valves are________. A. closed; closed B. closed; open C. open; closed D. open; open

B. closed; open

When blood is transferred from the atria into the ventricles, the atrioventricular valves are _______ and the semilunar valves are ___________. A. closed; closed B. open; closed C. open; open D. closed; open

B. open; closed

isotonic contraction

Contractions with movement

isometric contraction

Contractions with out movement Muscle contracts but there is no movement, muscle stays the same length

essentric contraction

Contractions with the lengthening of muscles

Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR)

Resistance the heart must pump against

Stroke Volume (SV)

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction.

When a skeletal muscle shortens during contraction, which of these statements is false? a. The A bands shorten b. The H bands shorten c. The I bands shorten d. The sarcomeres shorten

a. The A bands shorten

Which of these events will not increase mean arterial pressure? a. dilatation of systemic arterioles b. increased blood concentration of angiotensin c. increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system d. intravenous infusion of 1 liter of plasma into a person

a. dilatation of systemic arterioles

In response to exercise, the peripheral resistance of the systemic circulation is found to be reduced. Contributing to this response is: a. vasodilatation of skeletal muscle arterioles b. increased sympathetic stimulation of gastrointestinal arterioles c. vasodilatation of kidney arterioles d. relaxation of skin arterioles in response to increased blood pressure

a. vasodilatation of skeletal muscle arterioles

End Diastolic Volume (EDV)

amount of blood that collects in a ventricle during diastole

The energy for muscle contraction is most directly obtained from a. phosphocreatine b. ATP c. anaerobic respiration d. aerobic respiration

b. ATP

If cardiac output remains constant, an increase in total peripheral resistance will have which of the effects? a. increase mean arterial blood pressure b. decrease mean arterial blood pressure c. decrease end systolic blood volume d. increase end diastolic blood volume

b. decrease mean arterial blood pressure

If the body were to lose 1 liter of blood by hemorrhage, which of the following events would occur? a. venous return to the heart would increase b. heart rate would increase c. parasympathetic activity in nerves to the heart would increase d. mean arterial pressure would increase

b. heart rate would increase

A graded whole muscle contraction is produced in vivo primarily by variations in a. the strength of the fiber's contraction b. the number of fibers that are contracting c. both of these d. neither of these

b. the number of fibers that are contracting

Venous return is affected by A. skeletal muscle pump B. breathing C. venoconstriction D. all of these choices E. blood volume

E. blood volume

Cardiac output is a factor of A. end diastolic volume times heart rate B. Stroke volume times end systolic volume C. stroke volume times blood pressure D.heart rate times blood pressure E. stroke volume times heart rate

E. stroke volume times heart rate

Which of the following terms means a rapid contraction followed quickly by a rapid relaxation? A. treppe B. isometric C. isotonic D. tetanic E. twitch

E. twitch

True or False During the cardiac cycle, systole refers to ventricular contraction due to ventricular repolarization

False

True or False The Frank-Starling Law describes an extrinsic property of heart muscle (myocardium) where contractile force increases with a decrease in end diastolic volume (EDV).

False

True or False Complete tetany is the overlapping of individual muscle twitches such that there is a small relaxation period and a maximal force of contraction.

False

True or False Stroke volume is directly proportional to total peripheral resistance.

False

Which of these statements about cross bridges is false? a. They are composed of myosin b. They bind to ATP after they detach from actin c. They contain an ATPase d. They split ATP before they attach to actin

d. They split ATP before they attach to actin

The series-elastic component of muscle contraction is responsible for a. increased muscle shortening to successive twitches b. a time delay between contraction and shortening c. the lengthening of muscle after contraction has ceased d. all of these

d. all of these

All other things being equal, which of these changes would increase arterial blood pressure? a. hemorrhage of 500 ml blood b. decreased peripheral resistance c. the Valsalva maneuver (compressing the thoracic cavity while preventing exhalation) d. none of the above; all would decrease arterial blood pressure

d. none of the above; all would decrease arterial blood pressure

When a muscle is stimulated to contract, Ca2+ binds to a. myosin b. tropomyosin c. actin d. troponin

d. troponin

Contractility

force of contraction

Cardiac Output (CO)

measurement of the amount of blood ejected per minute from either ventricle of the heart

T wave represents

repolarization of ventricles

What is the average stoke volume? A. 70-80 ml/ beats B. 95-100 ml/beats C. 50-60 ml/ beats

A. 70- 80 ml/ beats

An increased heart rate would be termed A. a positive chronotropic effect B. a negative chronotropic effect C. a positive inotropic effect D. none of these choices are correct E. a negative inotropic effect

A. a positive chronotropic effect

Cardiac output increases with A. all of these choices B. increased heart rate C. increased stroke volume D. decreased peripheral resistance E. increased force of myocardial contraction

A. all of these choices

Which of the following is false? A. increasing heart rate will lower total peripheral B. resistance increasing stroke volume will increase blood pressure C. increasing stroke volume will increase cardiac output D. decreasing heart rate will lower blood pressure E.increasing heart contractility will increase stroke volume

A. increasing heart rate will lower total peripheral

What is the average heart rate? A. 65 bpm B. 85 bpm C. 70 bpm D. 50 bpm

C. 70 bpm

Which statement regarding skeletal muscle is TRUE? A. It depolarizes spontaneously on its own. B. The thick myofilaments are composed of the protein actin. C. The series-elastic component helps return the muscle to its original resting length. D. Just like cardiac muscle, it has the property of autorhythmicity. E. Calcium is the neurotransmitter used at the neuromuscular junction.

C. The series-elastic component helps return the muscle to its original resting length.

Which neurotransmitter is found at the skeletal muscle neuromuscular junction? A. nicotine B. muscarine C. acetylcholine D. norepinephrine E. epinephrine

C. acetylcholine

6. Which of the following, if setting the pace of the heart, would be considered an ectopic pacemaker? A. bundle of His B. AV node C. all of these choices D. purkinje fibers E. bundle branches

C. all of these choices

Blood pressure is highest in the A. veins B. capillaries C. arteries D. venules

C. arteries

Which of the following specifically binds to muscle troponin in order to initiate contraction? A. myosin B. tropomyosin C. calcium D. potassium E. sodium

C. calcium

Which muscle type is found in the myocardium? A. none of these B. skeletal muscle C. cardiac muscle D. smooth muscle

C. cardiac muscle

blood pressure (BP) A. decreases as stroke volume increases. B. decreases as cardiac output increases. C.depends upon adequate blood volume. D. is lowest in the arteries. E. is the greatest in the capillaries.

C. depends upon adequate blood volume.

Cardiac output equation

Cardiac Output (ml/ min)= stroke volume(ml/ beat) x heart rate(beats/ min)

If blood pressure is 140/80, the systolic pressure is , the diastolic pressure is and the mean arterial pressure (MAP) is . A. 140, 100, 80 B. 80, 140, 100 C. 140, 80, 93 D. 140, 80, 100

D. 140, 80, 100 Formula to find MAP is Sys + 2(dia) ÷ 3 140+ 2(80) ÷ 3 = 100

Rigor mortis occurs due to a lack of muscle _______________ A. Ca++ B. actin C. cAMP D. ATP

D. ATP

Which of the following plasma proteins predominantly functions to maintain blood volume? A. the alpha globulins B. the gamma globulins C. the beta globulins D. Albumin E. fibrinogen

D. Albumin

Which of the following is true? A. The AV node normally sets the pace of the heart. B. The fibrous skeleton conducts impulses through the myocardium. C. The PR Interval is the time for the conduction of the impulse D. through the ventricles. D. Stroke volume is directly proportional to end diastolic volume.

D. Stroke volume is directly proportional to end diastolic volume.

Edema could be caused by all of the follow EXCEPT. A. hypertension B. malnutrition C. lymphatic blockage D. high plasma albumin levels E. liver damage

D. high plasma albumin levels

Which of the following increases stroke volume? A. increased heart rate B. decreased blood volume C. increased total peripheral resistance D. increased end diastolic volume

D. increased end diastolic volume

Which of the following increases stroke volume? A. Increased heart rate B. decreased blood volume C.Increased total peripheral resistance D. increased end diastolic volume

D. increased end diastolic volume

True or False An increase in heart rate or contractility can increase blood pressure and thus flow rate.

True

True or False Anemia is a low hematocrit, hemoglobin measurement, or red blood cell count

True

True or False Recruitment is the process of increasing the number of simultaneously contracting motor units and provides increased contractile force.

True

True or False Stroke volume is directly proportional to the contractility force of the heart.

True

True or False Total peripheral resistance increases as blood vessels constrict.

True

True or False As found in our laboratory experiment, muscle summation and tetany are achieved by increasing the frequency of stimulations.

True

True or false Blood pressure increases as heart contractility increases.

True

True or false Veins hold most of the blood in the body (about 70%).

True

True or false Plasma is the fluid portion of the blood. Serum is plasma which has had the formed elements and clotting proteins removed.

True

True or false Slow twitch fibers are found in high proportions in the muscles of the hands moving the fingers.

True

Which of these muscles have motor units with the highest innervation ratio? a. Leg muscles b. Arm muscles c. Muscles that move the fingers d. Muscles of the trunk

c. Muscles that move the fingers

Compared to a well trained athlete, your average professor will have: a. increased myoglobin content of muscle cells b. increased resting stroke volume c. greater blood pressure increase in response to exercise d. increased vascularization of skeletal muscle

c. greater blood pressure increase in response to exercise

An increase in systemic blood pressure will have which of the following effects? a. cause a reflex relaxation of brain arterioles b. increase sympathetic nervous activity c. increase the frequency of action potentials in afferent nerves from the carotid sinus d. increase heart rate

c. increase the frequency of action potentials in afferent nerves from the carotid sinus

Electrical excitation of a muscle fiber most directly causes a. movement of tropomyosin b. attachment of the cross bridges to actin c. release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum d. splitting of ATP

c. release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

P wave represents

depolarization of the atria

QRS complex represents

depolarization of the ventricles

Venous Return (VR)

the amount of blood flowing into the atria from the veins

Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR)

the resistance to the flow of blood through the entire systemic circulation