BIO 6-10

Family names end in ___

-aceae

The Geneva Repository is a farm that distributes over _____apple specimens a year

3,000

How many different codons are in the genetic code?

64

Which of the following suffixes NOT used to denote a family name

A) -phyta B) -ales C) -opsida

Which of the following are currently accepted Kingdom classifications?

A) Animalia B) Protista C) Plantae D) Fungi

What is Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?

A) Individuals compete for limited resources. B) Natural populations tend to overproduce. C) Individuals exhibit inheritable individual differences. D) Individuals that are suited to the environment survive and reproduce.

True statements:

A) The first person known to attempt to organize and classify plants was Theophrastus. B)When Linnaeus began his work, he attempted to classify all known plants and animals according to their genera. C) Each scientific name is specific to a single species. D)The science of classification (systematics) is not the same as identification

The Phylocode is NOT

A) a new classification system developed in 2017 B) a science of systematics based only on phenotypic similarity C) a system that allows paraphyletic groups or polyphyletic groups

The Wollemi pine has which of the following characteristics?

A) complex and unusual leaf structure for a pine B) knobby cork-like bark C) distribution only in Australia D) bright green female cones and brown, cylindrical male cones

Uses of Sphagnum moss:

A) heating fuel B) potting and bedding material in gardening C) wound dressing

Which of the following diseases are caused by a lack of essential vitamins and minerals?

A)scurvy B)rickets C)beriberi D)pellagra

Why are peat bogs such good environments for preserving dead organisms?

Acidic

What type of search is used to identify the function of a gene by entering the base sequence into a database and comparing it to known genes?

BLAST

The most ancestral vascular plants belong to Division

Bryophyta

Which of the following is the correct RNA sequence for the DNA sequence GCCATAAGT?

CGGUAUUCA

Which division contains plants that produce the neurological toxin BMAA?

Cycadophyta

Which enzyme is responsible for the rapid and precise process of DNA replication?

DNA polymerase

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the taxonomic hierarchy from highest to lowest?

Division, Class, Order, Family

Features not common in land plants (embryophytes) are

Evol 10,000 yr ago. only occur on land Prokaryotic cell membranes Retain vascular tissue

A clade is an artificial grouping of organisms based on their taxonomic similarities and not on their monophyletic relationships. Tor F

False

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system reacts abnormally to the presence of cholesterol. T or F

False

Current research into the control of chestnut blight includes the use of an Asian beetle that ingests the fungus. T or F

False

Each species can have only one scientific name and one common name. T of F

False

Fossilized tree resin, or amber, is a proven source of complete genomes of extinct organisms because the resin dries and fixes living tissue and inhibits bacterial decomposition. T or F

False

In semiconservative replication of DNA, each new molecule of DNA contains only the purine bases, adenine and guanine T or F

False

In the Division Coniferophyta, four haploid megaspores are produced during meiosis, and each one ultimately develops into a female gametophyte. T or F

False

In the Latin name for tomato, Solanum lycopersicum, the second word refers to its use in Asia as an aphrodisiac. T or F

False

In the human genome project, researchers have found that only 50% of the nucleotide bases responsible for structural proteins are identical in all people and that most of these bases are adenine and guanine. T or F

False

Mendel chose pea plants for his genetic experiments because they only have heterozygous traits and they never self-pollinate T or F

False

Multiple fruits develop from the fused ovaries of many separate flowers on a single inflorescence. T or F

False

The 1884 book Language of Flowers was a popular plant taxonomy text that classified plants from the Galapagos Islands T or F

False

The term "gymnosperm" refers to the ability of conifers, or evergreens, to retain their leaves for photosynthesis throughout the entire year. T or F

False

True bacteria would be classified as which of the following groups? T or F

False

Vitamins and minerals are required in large amounts by humans and are therefore called macronutrients. T or F

False

Speciation

Formation of new species

Which of the following is NOT a principle of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection

Isolated populations always produce new species.

Some ___ species bear fleshy fruit-like cones that can be used to flavor gin.

Juniperus

Which of the following are incorrect

More new species of plants have evolved than those that have become extinct. C)Extinction of plant species is very rare because they are so abundant. D)The extinction of each plant species is well documented.

Which of the following genus names alludes to its powerful medicinal properties?

Potentilla

True bacteria would be classified as which of the following groups?

Prokaryota

The deletion of a single base from a DNA sequence

Results in a frame-shift mutation, meaningless mRNA message & causes a shift in all of the codons downstream from the deletion.

Which one of the following is correct

The rate of extinction of plants has accelerated in recent times

Which of the following is NOT a use of sphagnum moss?

Thickening agent food prep

Which region is the most biologically diverse area on the planet?

Tropical rainforest

As a tomato fruit ripens, the chlorophyll content decreases, and the lycopene and ethylene content increases. T or F

True

Auxins are hormones involved in phototropism, elongation of young stems, and inhibition of lateral buds. T or F

True

Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection was formed in part from observing distinct differences between species on the Galapagos Islands and similar ones in South America. T or F

True

Ginkgo biloba is the only remaining species of its division and may be used medicinally to improve short-term memory. T or F

True

Homologous chromosomes are produced when an offspring receives two identical alleles for a specific character from each of its parents T or F

True

In most cases, polyploid individuals of the same species are capable of reproducing with each other. T or F

True

In the case of incomplete dominance, the heterozygous phenotype is usually intermediate between the phenotypes of the dominant and recessive alleles. T or F

True

In transcription, introns are not specifically involved in polypeptide coding, whereas exons are spliced together to form the final mRNA molecule. T or F

True

Nuts, grains, and samaras are all types of dry, dehiscent fruits. T or F

True

The "navel" in navel oranges is a small aborted ovary at the top of the fruit. T or F

True

The moss sporophyte consists of a capsule and stalk embedded in the dominant female gametophyte. T or F

True

The term "five-merous flower" in apple trees refers to its 5 sepals, 5 petals, and 5-carpeled ovary. T or F

True

To be considered a high-quality protein, a complete protein must be fully digestible and contain all of the nine amino acids in the right proportions. T or F

True

phylogenetic system of classification uses morphology, biochemistry, cell structure, and the fossil record to determine natural groupings or clades among plants. T or F

True

One feature that is common in all land plants (or embryophytes) is that they ____

all retain the embryo

Family names are NOT

always capitalized, always italicized

All polypeptides and proteins are made of which of the following?

amino acids

Which of the following fruits is classified as a pome?

apple

Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) ___

are considered to be the "bad" cholesterol. B)transport cholesterol to the cells. C) are NOT present in high amounts in individuals at low risk for heart disease.

The Phylocode is

based on the creation of clades, or monophyletic groups

Essential amino acids are characterized by which of the following?

cannot be made by the body. B)cannot be stored in the body. C)can be used to construct structural and metabolic proteins.

The most common dry, dehiscent fruit is a _____.

capsule

What effect would gibberellins have on a rosette biennial plant?

cause bolting

Humans do not have the enzyme to break down which of the following compounds?

cellulose

Excess glucose beyond a day's worth of energy is generally NOT converted to which of the following?

cholesterol B)DNA and RNA C)Fats D)Protein

RNA IS NOT

composed of deoxyribose sugar, base, phosphate

Many prescription drug labels recommend avoiding taking the drug with grapefruit juice because the juice

dangerously increases drug uptake

Pellagra, common where corn is a dietary staple, affects the central nervous system and has the following symptoms

dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, gastrointestinal issues

What tissue in a monocot seed provides its nourishment?

endosperm

Which structure in the dicot seed develops into the stems and leaves?

epicotyl

Which nutrient supplies the greatest amount of energy per gram of nutrient?

fat

Although the durian fruit has a delicious, creamy, white pulp, it is notorious for its ___.

foul odor

Which organisms were once classified as plants in the old two-kingdom system?

fungi

In the Latin name Salix nigra, Salix is the ___ and nigra is the ___

genus, specific epithet

Humans have enzymes to break down

glucose B)glycogen C)polypeptides

Coconut oil and palm oil are rich in ____

healthy saturated fatty acids

A lemon is classified as a ____

hesperidium

The production of seven different phenotypes from the self-pollination of an F1 generation that is intermediate in color is an example of

incomplete dominance

Endemic or simple goiter is caused by a deficiency in ___

iodine

What is the proper classification for people who consume no animal products except dairy?

lacto-vegetarian

Insoluble (fermentable) fiber is broken down by bacteria in which of the following?

large intestine

The location of a gene on a specific chromosome is called its

locus

The condition in which an individual is deficient in one or more essential nutrients is called _____

malnutrition

Crosses involving one genetic trait are called

monohybrid crosses

Fructose is a ___, while sucrose is a ____

monosaccharide, disaccharide

The plants that lack true vascular tissue are which of the following?

mosses, liverworts, and hornworts

The adaptation of bent grass to tolerate the heavy metals in mine soil is an example of

natural selection

Which disease is associated with a deficiency in vitamin D?

osteomalacia

The original plants involved in making a genetic cross are called the ____ generation

parental

A specialized berry with a tough outer rind that consists of both receptacle tissue and exocarp is called a

pepo

Phospholipids are composed of which of the following?

phosphate, glycerol, and two fatty acids

Linnaeus's basic system of plant classification is still widely used today, although the ___ oncept of cladistics has replaced the phenetic concept.

phylogenetic

Polyploidy

plants that have at least one extra set of chromosomes

Microsporangia in the Division Coniferophyta produce

pollen grains

The reappearance in the F2 generation of a trait that was previously masked in the F1 generation is an example of

recessive allele expression & the principle of dominance

Which of the following can be used to create a recombinant DNA molecule from "sticky" fragments of DNA?

restriction enzymes

In an apple tree graft, the bud or stem is called the _______, while the root system is called the __.

scion; stock

The lycophytes and Pterophyta are similar in that they are all ___vascular plants

spore-producing

In the ferns, the ___ the dominant stage of the life cycle.

sporophyte

The rich carpet of leafy green growth of mosses is ___.

sporophyte generation

During alternation of generations, fertilization gives rise to the diploid __ generation, and meiosis gives rise to the haploid ___ generation.

sporophyte, gametophyte

Linnaeus organized all known plants into 24 classes, based mainly on the number of ___ in the flowers

stamens

Which type of lipid is cholesterol?

steroid

Which of the following would a breeder use to determine if a new strain will breed true for a certain trait?

testcross

Pummelos can be described as which of the following?

the largest citrus fruits, native to southeast Asia & used in Chinese New Year festivities.

Cytogenetics

the study of chromosome structure and behavior

Which of the following results when a piece of a chromosome breaks off and becomes attached to another one?

translocation

Inversion

when a piece of a chromosome is broken and reinserted in the opposite direction