bio

what is the net number of ATP generated directly during glycolysis per molecule of glucose?

2

What is the predicted energy yield of the Krebs Cycle, per molecule of glucose in eukaryotic cells?

20 ATP

What is the predicted energy yield of glycolysis in eukaryotic cells?

5 ATP

in order to generate one glucose molecule, the Calvin Cycle has to turn how many times?

6

when substrate-level phosphorylation occurs, it means that:

ADP is converted into ATP by the addition of a phosphate group

light-dependent reactions generate....

ATP and NADPH

carotenoids are important to many plants because these pigments are able too...

absorb wavelengths of light that neither chlorophyll a nor b can absorb

organisms that can manufacture their own chemical energy are called...

autotrophs

The calvin cycle of a plant exposed to light during the day that is suddenly put in the dark....

can still run as long as there is ATP, CO2, and NADPH present

fall leaf color on deciduous trees is a result of...

cessation of chlorophyll production, which allows the accessory pigments to be revealed

during what step of glycolysis are two ATP molecules required?

glucose priming

what stage of cellular respiration can occur in human cells with or without oxygen present?

glycolysis

What happens to oxygen that is used in cellular respiration?

it is reduced to form water

one of the disadvantages of C4 pathway is that it requires...

more ATP

clusters of chlorophyll and accessory pigments are called...

photosystems

molecules that can absorb light are called....

pigments

if a plant's stomata were always closed, how would this affect the plant's ability to make glucose?

plants would make less sugar than normal

In glycolysis, a major portion of the energy remains in the final product, which is called...

pyruvate

when amino acids are degraded in cells, into what intermediate of the aerobic respiration process are the carbon skeletons of amino acids primarily converted?

pyruvate and krebs cycle intermediates

in which part of the chloroplasts are the Calvin cycle enzymes located?

stroma

as electrons move along the electron transport chain, they lose potential energy. How is the energy that is released used by the cell?

the energy is used to transport protons against the concentration gradient

all the reactions of cellular respiration that occur after glycolysis take place in what part of the eukaryotic cell?

the mitochondria

NADPH is made by...

the passing of electrons from photosystem I to an electron transport chain

the photosystem channels the excitation energy gathered by absorption of light by any one of the pigment molecules to a specific reaction center chlorophyll, which in turn passes the energy to...

the primary electron acceptor

what must happen to amino acids before they can be used in catabolic reactions?

they must be deaminated

for photosynthesis in green plants, the electron donor for the light dependent reaction is....

water

what metabolic intermediate are fats primarily converted into?

Acetyl-CoA

In aerobic respiration, chemiosmotic generation of ATP is driven by:

a difference in H+ concentration on the two sides of the inner mitochondrial wall