Bio. CH 8
What chromosomes belong to a normal human male?
) 44 autosomes, one X chromosome, and one Y chromosome
The following figure shows that ______.
) meiosis results in the formation of four haploid daughter cells
An individual with (naturally) curly hair and an individual with (naturally) straight hair mate; all of their offspring have (naturally) wavy hair. If an individual with wavy hair mates with an individual with straight hair, what is the probability that their child will have curly hair?
0%
Assume that having three nostrils is inherited as a sex-linked trait on the Y chromosome. A man with three nostrils has a daughter who has a son with a man who has only two nostrils. What is the probability that the three-nostriled man's grandson has three nostrils?
0%
The parents of a child with unusual disease symptoms take the child to a doctor for help. The doctor suspects that the condition might have a genetic basis. She recommends that the child be taken to a specialty clinic where physicians and staff members are trained to diagnose genetic diseases and counsel parents. Ultimately, the child is diagnosed with a rare recessively inherited disease. The parents are tested for the gene, and both are found to be heterozygous. The parents want to have another child but are afraid this child will also be affected. What would genetic counselors say is the probability that the second child will have the disease?
1/4
Recombinant offspring were produced by the mating shown in the accompanying art. What is the recombination frequency of purple round and red long offspring?
11%
For a species with four pairs of chromosomes, ________ chromosome combinations are possible. A) 4 B) 8 C) 16 D) 20
16
For a species with four pairs of chromosomes, ________ gametic combinations are possible. A) 8 B) 4 C) 20 D) 2 E) 16
16
How many possible gametes are there if a cell has 4 chromosome pairs? A) 4 B) 2 C) 8 D) 32 E) 16
16
Attached earlobes are recessive to free earlobes. What genotypic ratio is expected when an individual with attached earlobes mates with an individual heterozygous for free earlobes?
1:1
Round seeds () are dominant to wrinkled seeds (), and yellow seeds () are dominant to green seeds (). What is the expected phenotypic ratio of a cross between an RrYy and an rryy individual?
1:1:1:1
The 2n number for the cell depicted here is ________. one four eight two
2
How many amino acids are common to all living systems?
20
How many autosomes do humans have? A) 46 B) 22 C) 23 D) 44 E) 2
22
What is the chromosome number found in human cells after meiosis 1 is completed
23
In humans, free earlobes () are dominant to attached earlobes () and the presence of freckles () is dominant to the absence of freckles (). If an individual heterozygous for both of these traits were to mate with an individual with attached earlobes and no freckles, what is the probability of having a child with attached earlobes and freckles? A. 100%
25%
After meiosis I _____ cells are formed and after meisis II, _____ cells results A) 4; 4 B) 2; 8 C) 2; 4 D) 2; 3 E) 4; 8
2; 4
How many chromosomes does an individual with Turner syndrome have?
2n - 1
the 2n number for the cell depicted is
2n=46
A dihybrid cross produces 30 recombinant offspring out of a total of 1,000 offspring. What is the recombination frequency of the two gene pairs?
3%
If adenine makes up 20% of the bases in a DNA double helix, what percent of the bases are guanine
30%
An organism's diploid number is 64. Its haploid number would be A) 12 B) 128 C) 64 D) It is impossible to determine E) 32
32
A purebred plant that produces yellow seeds is crossed with a purebred plant that produces green seeds. The F 1 plants have yellow seeds. What is the expected phenotypic ratio of seed color of the offspring of an F 1 × F 1 cross?
3:1
A true-breeding plant that produces yellow seeds is crossed with a true-breeding plant that produces green seeds. The F1 plants have yellow seeds. What is the expected phenotypic ratio of seed color of the offspring of an F1 × F1 cross?
3:1
What chromosomes belong to a normal human female?
44 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes
What chromosomes belong to a typical human female? 44 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes 46 autosomes and two X chromosomes 22 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes 44 autosomes, one X chromosome, and one Y chromosome
44 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes
What chromosomes belong to a normal human MALE?
44 autosomes, one X chromosome, and one Y chromosome
With the exception of gametes, a human cell contains __________ chromosomes. View Available Hint(s) 23 47 2n 46
46
A couple has two female children. What is the probability that their next child will be male?
50%
Achondroplasia is a form of dwarfism caused by a dominant allele. The homozygous dominant genotype causes death, so individuals who have this condition are all heterozygotes. If a person with achondroplasia mates with a person who does not have achondroplasia, what percentage of their children would be expected to have achondroplasia?
50%
Attached earlobes are recessive to free earlobes. What is the probability of having a child with attached earlobes when an individual with attached earlobes mates with an individual heterozygous for free earlobes?
50%
How many autosomes do humans have? 1) 46 2) 44 3) 23 4) 2
? 44
Which of the following is a feature of plant cell division that distinguishes it from animal cell division? A) Cytokinesis does not occur. B) Four new cells (rather than two) are produced per mitotic division. C) The nucleolus disappears and then reappears. D) A cleavage furrow forms. E) A cell plate forms.
A cell plate forms
4) Chromatin consists of ______. A) DNA and protein B) RNA and protein C) protein only D) DNA only
A) DNA and protein
24) In meiosis, how does prophase I differ from prophase II? A) During prophase I there is one diploid cell; during prophase II there are two haploid cells. B) During prophase I chromosomes line up single file in the middle of the cell; during prophase II the chromosomes line up in double file in the middle of the cell. C) During prophase I the chromosomes coil up; the chromosomes are not coiled up during prophase II. D) In prophase I the sister chromatids are attached; in prophase II the sister chromatids are separated.
A) During prophase I there is one diploid cell; during prophase II there are two haploid cells.
13) Which of these events occurs during anaphase? A) Sister chromatids separate. B) Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. C) The nuclear envelope reappears. D) The nuclear envelope breaks up.
A) Sister chromatids separate.
23) Sexual intercourse in humans ______. A) allows a haploid sperm cell to fertilize a haploid egg cell B) produces a haploid individual C) produces an individual with 23 chromosomes D) combines two diploid gametes, producing a zygote
A) allows a haploid sperm cell to fertilize a haploid egg cell
19) Homologous chromosomes ______. A) carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics B) include only the autosomes C) are a set of chromosomes that the cell received from one parent D) carry the same versions of all genes
A) carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics
6) Sister chromatids are joined at the ______. A) centromere B) spindle C) centrosome D) centriole
A) centromere
34) A ______ describes a site of crossing over. A) chiasma B) histone C) synapse D) centromere
A) chiasma
42) The following figure shows that ______. A) meiosis results in the formation of four haploid daughter cells B) fertilization results in four haploid daughter cells C) the human 2n number is 4 D) meiosis forms diploid gametes
A) meiosis results in the formation of four haploid daughter cells
30) One difference between mitosis and meiosis is ______. A) mitosis produces cells genetically identical to the parent cell, but meiosis does not B) mitosis produces more daughter cells than meiosis C) mitosis produces haploid cells, but meiosis produces diploid cells D) mitosis requires only one parent cell, but meiosis requires two parent cells
A) mitosis produces cells genetically identical to the parent cell, but meiosis does not
36) How many chromosomes can a gamete possess as a result of nondisjunction? A) n + 1 or n - 1 B) 2n + 1 or 2n - 1 C) 2n - 1 only D) 2n + 1 or n - 1
A) n + 1 or n - 1
37) How many chromosomes can a gamete possess as a result of nondisjunction? A) n + 1 or n - 1 B) 2n + 1 or 2n - 1 C) 2n - 1 only D) 2n + 1 or n - 1
A) n + 1 or n - 1
3) The chromosomes of eukaryotic cells are found in the ______. A) nucleus B) centriole C) Golgi apparatus D) nucleolus
A) nucleus
11) The correct sequence of stages of mitosis is ______. A) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase B) telophase, prophase, interphase, anaphase, metaphase C) anaphase, interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase D) interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
A) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
16) Cytokinesis typically begins during the ______ stage of mitosis. A) telophase B) prophase C) metaphase D) anaphase
A) telophase
14) During telophase ______. A) the events of prophase are reversed B) chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell C) sister chromatids separate D) the nuclear envelope breaks up
A) the events of prophase are reversed
Which of these crosses will only produce heterozygous offspring?
AA × aa
The DNA codon AGT codes for an amino acid carried by a tRNA with the anticodon
AGU
Hypophosphatemia (vitamin D-resistant rickets) is inherited as an sex-linked dominant trait. The relevant gene is found on the X chromosome. What is the expected outcome of a cross between a homozygous recessive woman and a man with hypophosphatemia?
All of their daughters and none of their sons exhibit hypophosphatemia.
Which one of the following is not a function of mitosis? Mitosis helps organisms A) repair tissues. B) reproduce asexually. C) grow. D) regenerate lost parts. E) All of the choices are correct.
All the choices are correct
Sexual intercourse in humans ______. A) produces a haploid individual B) allows a haploid sperm cell to fertilize a haploid egg cell C) prevents genetic disorders D) produces an individual with 23 chromosomes E) combines two diploid gametes, producing a zygote
Allows a haploid sperm cell to fertilize a haploid egg cell
Mature human nerve cells and muscle cells A) become cancerous more easily than other cell types. B) cease dividing after a predetermined number of cell generations. C) remain undifferentiated unless an injury occurs. D) continue to divide throughout their lifetime. E) are permanently in a state of nondivision.
Are permanently in a state of nondivision
The creation of offspring carrying genetic information from just a single parent is called A) sexual reproduction. B) asexual reproduction. C) regeneration. D) a life cycle. E) None of the choices are correct.
Asexual reporduction
Chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual are called ______. A) autosomes B) polysomes C) centromeres D) transposons E) sister chromatids
Autosomes
21) What chromosomes belong to a normal human female? A) 22 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes B) 44 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes C) 44 autosomes, one X chromosome, and one Y chromosome D) 46 autosomes and two X chromosomes
B) 44 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes
7) Which of the following occurs during interphase? A) Chromatin becomes tightly coiled. B) Chromosome duplication. C) Sister chromatids separate. D) The mitotic spindle forms.
B) Chromosome duplication
7) Which of the following occurs during interphase? A) Chromatin becomes tightly coiled. B) Chromosome duplication occurs. C) Sister chromatids separate. D) The mitotic spindle forms.
B) Chromosome duplication occurs
A mating between a purebred purple-flowered pea plant and a purebred white-flowered pea plant would produce a(n) ______. A) purebred variety B) hybrid C) P generation D) F 2 generation
B) Hybrid
25) How much genetic material is present in a cell during prophase I compared to a cell that has completed meiosis II? A) one-quarter as much B) four times as much C) one-half as much D) twice as much
B) four times as much
26) During metaphase I, ______. A) crossing over occurs B) homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell C) the nuclear envelope breaks up D) sister chromatids separate and migrate to opposite poles
B) homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
41) This diagram of the human life cycle shows that ______. A) meiosis produces a diploid zygote B) meiosis produces haploid sperm and egg cells C) fertilization produces a haploid zygote D) a diploid zygote undergoes meiosis to produce an adult human
B) meiosis produces haploid sperm and egg cells
40) As shown in the following figure, plant cell cytokinesis differs from animal cell cytokinesis because ______. A) plant cells produce more daughter cells B) plant cells form a cell plate and animal cells do not C) animal cells produce more daughter cells D) animal cells form a cell plate and plant cells do not
B) plant cells form a cell plate and animal cells do not
The best definition of a purebred plant is one that ______. A) cannot be cross-fertilized B) self-fertilizes to produce offspring identical to the parent C) produces sterile offspring when cross-fertilized D) self-fertilizes to produce hybrid offspring
B) self-fertilizes to produce offspring identical to the parent
10) Which of the following is a stage of mitosis? A) cytokinesis B) telophase C) interphase D) DNA synthesis
B) telophase
Viruses that infect bacteria are ______.
Bacteriophages
Why is crossing over not possible in meiosis II? A) Because prophase only occurs in meiosis I. B) Because homologous chromosomes are no longer in the same cell. C) Because the enzymes needed for it to occur are no longer present. D) All the choices are correct. E) Because meiosis II is much shorter than meiosis I.
Because homologous chromosomes are no longer in the same cell
What is the difference between a benign and a malignant tumor?
Benign tumors do not metastasize; malignant tumors do
33) For a species with four pairs of chromosomes, ________ chromosome combinations are possible. A) 4 B) 8 C) 16 D) 20
C) 16
37) How many chromosomes does an individual with Turner syndrome have? A) 2n + 1 B) n + 1 C) 2n - 1 D) n - 1
C) 2n - 1
38) How many chromosomes does an individual with Turner syndrome have? A) 2n + 1 B) n + 1 C) 2n - 1 D) n - 1
C) 2n - 1
20) What chromosomes belong to a normal human male? A) 22 autosomes and two Y chromosomes B) 44 autosomes and two Y chromosomes C) 44 autosomes, one X chromosome, and one Y chromosome D) 46 autosomes, one X chromosome, and one Y chromosome
C) 44 autosomes, one X chromosome, and one Y chromosome
17) What is the difference between a benign and a malignant tumor? A) Benign tumors are composed of cancer cells; malignant tumors are not. B) Benign tumors are not the result of a failure of a cell cycle control system; malignant tumors are. C) Benign tumors do not metastasize; malignant tumors do. D) Benign tumors do not form lumps; malignant tumors do form lumps.
C) Benign tumors do not metastasize; malignant tumors do.
38) Sexual reproduction appears to be absent in bdelloid rotifers. Which of these, if found in this group, would bring into question the idea that they reproduce ONLY asexually? A) female rotifers with eggs B) significant differences of two different alleles among different populations (one population having mostly allele A and one having mostly a). C) cells in which meiosis occurs D) related groups (not bdelloid rotifers) which reproduce both sexually and asexually.
C) Cells in which meiosis occurs
32) Which of the following is the best description of the events of anaphase I? A) Half of the chromosomes inherited from the mother go to one pole along with half of the chromosomes inherited from the father. B) Sister chromatids separate and the daughter chromosomes migrate to opposite poles. C) Homologous chromosomes randomly separate and migrate to opposite poles. D) All of the chromosomes inherited from the mother go to one pole of the cell, and all of the chromosomes inherited from the father go to the other pole.
C) Homologous chromosomes randomly separate and migrate to opposite poles.
1) A(n) ______ is an example of an organism that can sometimes reproduce asexually. A) cat B) human C) Komodo dragon D) mouse
C) Komodo dragon
18) Which of the following will help prevent cancer and increase survival? A) Eat a low-fiber, low-fat diet. B) Limit exercise. C) Seek early detection of tumors. D) Smoke only cigarettes.
C) Seek early detection of tumors.
3) Alleles are described as ______. A) homologous chromosomes B) environmental factors that affect gene expression C) alternate versions of a gene D) alternate phenotypes
C) alternate versions of a gene
2) Ordinary cell division produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical. This type of cell division is important for all of the following functions EXCEPT A) growth of a multicellular organism. B) cell replacement. C) production of sperm and eggs. D) asexual reproduction.
C) production of sperm and eggs
39) Which of these describes the type of reproduction that is most adaptive in a rapidly changing environment with many different parasitic diseases present? A) asexual reproduction because the currently successful genotypes can reproduce quickly B) asexual reproduction, because asexual reproduction uses less energy, which leaves more for each individual to adapt to the changing environment C) sexual reproduction because the diversity of genotypes increases the likelihood that there is one which can survive in a new environment D) sexual reproduction because this type of reproduction allows the production of a greater number of offspring thus providing more individuals to take advantage of any environmental challenges presented
C) sexual reproduction because the diversity of genotypes increases the likelihood that there is one which can survive in a new environment
8) The cell cycle results in the production of ______. A) four cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information B) two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material but with different genetic information C) two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information D) four cells, each with the same amount of genetic material but with different genetic information
C) two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information
27) Upon completion of telophase I and cytokinesis, there is(are) ______ cell(s). A) four haploid B) two diploid C) two haploid D) one diploid
C) two haploid
If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence GTCCAT, what is the sequence of the other strand?
CAGGTA
Karyotyping A) shows chromosomes as they appear in metaphase of meiosis II. B) reveals the results of independent orientation of chromosomes during meiosis I. C) can reveal alterations in chromosome number. D) reveals the presence of cancerous genes. E) examines points of crossing over.
Can reveal alterations in chromosome number
Skin cancer is a type of ______. A) sarcoma B) chondrosarcoma C) carcinoma D) lymphoma E) leukemia
Carcinoma
Homologous chromosomes ______. A) carry the same genes B) include only the autosomes C) separate during interphase D) are a set of chromosomes that the cell received from one parent E) include only the sex chromosomes
Carry the same genes
Which of the following occurs during interphase? A) cytokinesis B) cell growth and duplication of the chromosomes C) a reduction in the size of the nuclear membrane D) duplication of the chromosomes E) None of the choices are correct.
Cell growth and duplication of the chromosomes
Sister chromatids are joined at the ______. A) chromatin B) centromere C) spindle D) centrosome E) centriole
Centromere
A ______ describes a site of crossing over. A) centromeres B) chromatid C) chiasma D) synapse E) histone
Chiasma
A duplicated chromosome consists of two ______. A) genes B) centromeres C) chromatids D) centrosomes E) chromatins
Chromatids
Which of the following occurs during interphase?
Chromosome duplication occurs.
DNA is found in structures called ______. A) chiasma B) chromosomes C) histones D) centrosomes E) centromeres
Chromosomes
An individual with the blood group genotype LMLN has the phenotype MN. What is the relationship between the LM and LN alleles?
Codominance
Which of the following is a characteristic seen in prophase I that does not occur in prophase II? A) Chromosomes have been duplicated B) Chromosomes move to the middle of the cell C) Spindle formation occurs D) Cytokinesis occurs E) Crossing over occurs
Crossing over occurs
Which of the following is a characteristic seen in prophase I that does NOT occur in prophase II?
Crossing over occurs.
Which of the following is a characteristic seen in prophase I that does not occur in prophase II?
Crossing over occurs.
The process by which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two cells is called A) binary fission. B) telophase. C) mitosis. D) spindle formation. E) cytokinesis.
Cytokinesis
28) Which of the following is a characteristic seen in prophase I that does not occur in prophase II? A) Chromosomes move to the middle of the cell. B) Spindle formation occurs. C) Chromosomes have been duplicated. D) Crossing over occurs.
D) Crossing over occurs.
39) Examine the figure below. Nucleosomes are made of ______. A) RNA and protein B) DNA C) proteins D) DNA and histone proteins
D) DNA and histone proteins
9) Which of the following occurs during prophase? A) Chromosomes line up on the midline of the cell. B) The nuclear envelope forms. C) Sister chromatids separate. D) The mitotic spindle begins to form.
D) The mitotic spindle begins to form.
22) Chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual are called ______. A) homologous chromosomes B) nonhomologous chromosomes C) sex chromosomes D) autosomes
D) autosomes
12) During metaphase ______. A) the nuclear envelope breaks up B) sister chromatids separate C) centromeres divide D) chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
D) chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
35) A karyotype (a chromosome display) would be unable to determine ______. A) sex B) Down syndrome C) Turner syndrome D) eye color
D) eye color
36) A karyotype (a chromosome display) would be unable to determine ______. A) sex B) Down syndrome C) Turner syndrome D) eye color
D) eye color
35) Crossing over during prophase I results in ______. A) nondisjunction B) reciprocal translocation C) duplication D) genetic recombination
D) genetic recombination
15) A cell that completed the cell cycle without undergoing cytokinesis would ______. A) have less genetic material than it started with B) not have completed anaphase C) have its chromosomes lined up in the middle of the cell D) have two nuclei
D) have two nuclei
5) A duplicated chromosome consists of two ______. A) centromeres B) centrosomes C) genomes D) sister chromatids
D) sister chromatids
29) Anaphase II is essentially the same as mitotic anaphase except that in anaphase II ______ and in mitotic anaphase ______. A) the cells are diploid... the cells are haploid B) chromosomes line up double file in the middle of the cell... chromosomes line up single file in the middle of the cell C) crossing over occurs... crossing over does not occur D) the cells are haploid and sister chromatids separate... the cells are diploid and sister chromatids separate
D) the cells are haploid and sister chromatids separate... the cells are diploid and sister chromatids separate
31) Genetic variation is accomplished by all but one of the following. Which is it? A) the events of meiosis I B) crossing over C) independent assortment D) the events of meiosis II
D) the events of meiosis II
The recombination frequency between gene and gene is 11%. The recombination frequency between gene and gene is 5%. The recombination frequency between gene and gene is 15%. What would be the arrangement of these genes on a linkage map?
DBC
Chromatin consists of ______.
DNA and protein
Chromatin consists of ______. A) DNA and protein B) RNA and protein C) protein only D) DNA only
DNA and protein
Chromatin consists of ______. A) protein only B) RNA only C) DNA and protein D) RNA and protein E) DNA only
DNA and protein
Chromatin consists of ________.
DNA and protein
During replication, ______ are the enzymes responsible for joining the nucleotides of a new DNA strand together.
DNA polymerases
What are nucleosomes made of? A) DNA wrapped around histone proteins B) DNA and RNA polymerase C) DNA and nonhistone proteins D) intertwined RNA and DNA E) RNA and protein
DNA wrapped around histone proteins
In humans, the presence or absence of dimples is a trait controlled by a single gene. What is the genotype of an individual who is heterozygous for dimples?
Dd
A benign tumor differs from a malignant tumor in that a benign tumor A) is cancerous. B) never causes health problems. C) can only arise in the brain, whereas a malignant tumor can arise anywhere in the body. D) spreads from the original site. E) does not metastasize.
Does not metastasize
In meiosis, how does prophase I differ from prophase II?
During prophase I there is one diploid cell; during prophase II there are two haploid cells.
In meiosis, how does prophase I differ from prophase II? A) During prophase I there is one diploid cell; during prophase II there are two haploid cells. B) During prophase I chromosomes line up single file in the middle of the cell; during prophase II the chromosomes line up in double file in the middle of the cell. C) During prophase I the chromosomes coil up; the chromosomes are not coiled up during prophase II. D) In prophase I the sister chromatids are attached; in prophase II the sister chromatids are separated.
During prophase I there is one diploid cell; during prophase II there are two haploid cells.
The expressed (coding) regions of eukaryotic genes are called ______.
Exons
A karyotype (a chromosome display) would be unable to determine ______. A) sex B) eye color C) polyploidy D) Down syndrome E) Turner syndrome
Eye color
How much genetic material is present in a cell during prophase I compared to a cell that has completed meiosis II? A) the same amount B) one-quarter as much C) four times as much D) one-half as much E) twice as much
Four times as much
Crossing over during prophase I results in ______. A) translocation B) reciprocal translocation C) duplication D) genetic recombination E) nondisjunction
Genetic recombination
Many protist are _________ for most of their lives. A) diploid B) fused C) haploid D) germ-line E) cross overs
Haploid
In humans, gametes are _____ and somatic cells are _______ . A) haploid, triploid B) triploid, haploid C) haploid, haploid D) diploid, diploid E) haploid; diploid
Haploid; diploid
If the S phase was eliminated from the cell cycle, the daughter cells would A) be genetically identical to the parental cell. B) be genetically identical. C) have half the genetic material found in the parental cell. D) synthesize the missing genetic material on their own. E) None of the choices are correct.
Have half the genetic material found in the parental cell
Red-green color blindness is inherited as a sex-linked recessive trait. The gene is found on the X chromosome. How can a man with normal color vision father a daughter who is red-green color-blind?
He can't (unless there is a mutation).
During metaphase I, ______. A) homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell B) sister chromatids separate and migrate to opposite poles C) crossing over occurs D) centrosomes migrate to opposite poles E) the nuclear envelope breaks up
Homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Which of the following is the best description of the events of anaphase I?
Homologous chromosomes randomly separate and migrate to opposite poles.
Which of the following is the best description of the events of anaphase I? A) Half of the chromosomes inherited from the mother go to one pole along with half of the chromosomes inherited from the father. B) Sister chromatids separate and the daughter chromosomes migrate to opposite poles. C) Homologous chromosomes randomly separate and migrate to opposite poles. D) All of the chromosomes inherited from the mother go to one pole of the cell, and all of the chromosomes inherited from the father go to the other pole.
Homologous chromosomes randomly separate and migrate to opposite poles.
Which of the following is the best description of the events of anaphase I? A) Sister chromatids separate; those inherited from the mother migrate to one pole, and those inherited from the father go to the opposite pole. B) Homologous chromosomes randomly separate and migrate to opposite poles. C) Sister chromatids separate and the daughter chromosomes migrate to opposite poles. D) Half of the chromosomes inherited from the mother go to one pole along with half of the chromosomes inherited from the father. E) All of the chromosomes inherited from the mother go to one pole of the cell, and all of the chromosomes inherited from the father go to the other pole.
Homologous chromosomes randomly separate and migrate to opposite poles.
What type of chemical bond joins the bases of complementary DNA strands?
Hydrogen
Which of the following is NOT a stage of mitosis? A) prophase B) anaphase C) interphase D) telophase E) metaphase
Interphase
Which of the following must occur for a plant or animal to grow and develop normally? A) The organism must receive a supply of the appropriate hormones from its parents. B) Sufficient light must be available to stimulate cell division. C) Sufficient oxygen must be available to stimulate cell division. D) It must be able to control the timing and rate of cell division in different parts of its body. E) None of the choices are correct.
It must be able to control the timing and rate of cell division in different parts of its body.
The process of meiosis accomplishes which of the following? It provides for formation of four haploid cells and reduces the need for sister chromatids. It allows genetic exchange and eliminates the formation of haploid cells. It provides eight haploid gametes and can eliminate chromosomes. It produces four haploid cells and allows exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
It produces four haploid cells and allows exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
A ______ is an example of an organism that can reproduce asexually. A) mouse B) dog C) Komodo dragon D) cat E) human
Komodo dragon
A(n) ______ is an example of an organism that can sometimes reproduce asexually. A) cat B) human C) Komodo dragon D) mouse
Komodo dragon
A(n) ________ is an example of an organism that can sometimes reproduce asexually by parthenogenesis.
Komodo dragon
______ genes violate Mendel's principle of independent assortment.
Linked
The process that serves to decrease cellular chromosome number by half is A) mitosis. B) both mitosis and meiosis C) All the choices are correct D) binary fission. E) meiosis.
Meiosis
An individual with the genotype AaBb produces four different gametes in equal proportions. This is a demonstration of ______.
Mendel's law of independent assortment
The RNA that is translated into a polypeptide is ______ RNA
Messenger
What is the ultimate source of all diversity?
Mutation
DNA and RNA are polymers composed of ______ monomers
Nucleotide
The chromosomes of eukaryotic cells are found in the ______. A) basal body B) nucleolus C) centriole D) Golgi apparatus E) nucleus
Nucleus
What is the smallest number of nucleotides that must be added or subtracted to change the triplet grouping of the genetic message?
One
What name is given to the collection of traits exhibited by an organism?
Phenotype
The modern phrasing of Beadle and Tatum's hypothesis about relationships between genes and their products is "one gene-one ______."
Polypeptide
The region of DNA where RNA synthesis begins is the ______.
Promoter
The phase of mitosis during which the nuclear envelope fragments and the nucleoli disappear is called A) metaphase. B) prophase. C) interphase. D) telophase. E) anaphase.
Prophase
Which of the following help maintain the structure of chromosomes and control the activity of genes? A) proteins B) centromeres C) ribosomes D) the nuclear membrane E) lipids
Proteins
Translation converts the information stored in ______ to ______.
RNA . . . a polypeptide
Which of the following enzymes is responsible for RNA synthesis?
RNA polymerase
Where is translation accomplished?
Ribosomes
Which of the following will help prevent cancer and increase survival?
Seek early detection of tumors
Which of the following will help prevent cancer and increase survival? A) Smoke only cigarettes. B) Overexpose skin to the sun. C) Limit exercise. D) Seek early detection of tumors. E) Eat a low-fiber, low-fat diet.
Seek early detection of tumors
Which of the following will help prevent cancer and increase survival? A) Eat a low-fiber, low-fat diet. B) Limit exercise. C) Seek early detection of tumors. D) Smoke only cigarettes.
Seek early detection of tumors.
How is sexual reproduction different from asexual reproduction? Sexual reproduction occurs with only a single parent. Asexual reproduction requires testes and ovaries. Asexual reproduction requires two kinds of cell division. Sexual reproduction requires fertilization of an egg by a sperm.
Sexual reproduction requires fertilization of an egg by a sperm.
Which of these describes the type of reproduction that is most adaptive in a rapidly changing environment with many different parasitic diseases present?
Sexual reproduction,, because the diversity of genotypes increases the likelihood that there is one which can survive in a new environment.
Which of these events occurs during anaphase?
Sister chromatids become separate chromosomes
Which of these events occurs during anaphase? A) Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. B) Sister chromatids separate. C) Cytokinesis occurs. D) The nuclear envelope reappears. E) The nuclear envelope breaks up.
Sister chromatids separate
Which of these events occurs during anaphase? A) Sister chromatids separate. B) Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. C) The nuclear envelope reappears. D) The nuclear envelope breaks up.
Sister chromatids separate.
During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope re-form and the nucleoli reappear? A) interphase B) metaphase C) anaphase D) telophase E) prophase
Telephase
Cytokinesis typically begins during the ________ stage of mitosis.
Telophase
During which stage of the cell cycle does cytokinesis usually occur? A) anaphase B) telophase C) prophase D) metaphase E) interphase
Telophase
Which of the following is a stage of mitosis? A) telophase B) interphase C) DNA synthesis D) meiosis E) cytokinesis
Telophase
Which one of the following does not occur during mitotic anaphase? A) The centromeres of each chromosome divide. B) The chromatid DNA replicates. C) Daughter chromosomes begin to move toward opposite poles of the cell. D) Sister chromatids separate. E) All of the choices occur during mitotic anaphase.
The chromatid DNA replicates
Genetic variation is accomplished by all but one of the following. Which is it? A) the events of meiosis I B) independent assortment C) the events of meiosis II D) random fertilization E) crossing over
The events of meiosis II
What is the key to the recognition of codominance?
The heterozygote expresses the phenotype of both homozygotes.
Which of the following occurs during prophase?
The mitotic spindle begins to form
In humans, germ-line cells are located in A) the brain B) the kidneys C) the eyes D) the ovaries and testes. E) the hands
The ovaries and testes
What is the key to the recognition of incomplete dominance?
The phenotype of the heterozygote falls between the phenotypes of the homozygotes.
What is the key to the recognition of a trait whose expression is determined by the effects of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance)?
The trait varies along a continuum in the population.
A true-breeding plant that produces yellow seeds is crossed with a true-breeding plant that produces green seeds. The seeds of all of the offspring are yellow. Why?
The yellow allele is dominant to the green allele.
Pic-The figure below shows the flow of genetic information in a eukaryotic cell. The transfer of information from DNA into an RNA molecule is known as ______.
Transcription
Upon completion of telophase I and cytokinesis, there is(are) ______ cell(s). A) one diploid B) four haploid C) two haploid D) two diploid E) four diploid
Two haploid
Janice's genotype is _______.
WW or Ww
Who discovered the structure of DNA?
Watson and Crick
Widow's peak, a pointed hairline on the forehead, is a genetic trait caused by a dominant allele. It can be traced back through a family's history using pedigree analysis. The pedigree shown here shows three generations of a family. Notice that some individuals (shown in gray) have a widow's peak (W = dominant allele and w = recessive allele Mary has the genotype ______.
Ww
Evidence for the spiral nature of DNA came from ______.
X-ray crystallography studies
What sex chromosomes belong to a normal human female? A) XX B) XO C) XY D) YO E) XXY
XX
What sex chromosomes belong to a normal human male? A) XX B) YO C) XO D) XXY E) XY
XY
What protects mRNA from attack by cellular enzymes?
a cap and tail
Philosophically, what is the cause of these genetic abnormalities
a consequence of sin in the world The function of independent assortment is create genetic diversity in the offspring
Which of these could lead to the mistake evident in the karyotype?
a nondisjunction in meiosis II in gamete formation
The backbone of DNA consists of ______.
a repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern
The mutation would be most harmful to the cells if it resulted in ______.
a single nucleotide insertion near the start of the coding sequence
The shared genetic code of all life on Earth is evidence that ______.
all life shares a common ancestry
This pedigree supports the fact that widow's peak is due to a dominant allele, because if it were due to a recessive allele and both parents show the recessive phenotype, then ______.
all of the offspring would have a widow's peak
Sexual intercourse in humans ______. A) allows a haploid sperm cell to fertilize a haploid egg cell B) produces a haploid individual C) produces an individual with 23 chromosomes D) combines two diploid gametes, producing a zygote
allows a haploid sperm cell to fertilize a haploid egg cell
Sexual reproduction in humans ________.
allows a haploid sperm cell to fertilize a haploid egg cell
Sexual reproduction in humans ________. produces a haploid individual produces an individual with 23 chromosomes allows a haploid sperm cell to fertilize a haploid egg cell combines two diploid gametes, producing a zygote
allows a haploid sperm cell to fertilize a haploid egg cell
Alleles are described as ______.
alternate versions of a gene
Peptide bonds form between ______
amino acids
Which of the following techniques is used to collect fetal cells during pregnancy for genetic testing?
amniocentesis
Chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes are called ______.
autosomes
Chromosomes that do NOT determine the sex of an individual are called ________.
autosomes
Chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual are called ______.
autosomes
Chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual are called ______. A) homologous chromosomes B) nonhomologous chromosomes C) sex chromosomes D) autosomes
autosomes
Chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual are called ______. sex chromosomes autosomes nonhomologous chromosomes homologous chromosomes
autosomes
Gametes have to
be haploid in order to contribute half of the genetic material
Part complete Replication of chromosomal DNA occurs __________. before a cell divides to repair gene damage caused by mutation in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell whenever a cell makes protein
before a cell divides
Somatic cells are _______ while gametes are _______. God designed parthenogenesis for some of His creatures to preserves the creature in time of stress
body cells, sperm and egg cells
An individual who is homozygous ______.
carries two copies of the same allele for a gene
Homologous chromosomes ______. A) carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics B) include only the autosomes C) are a set of chromosomes that the cell received from one parent D) carry the same versions of all genes
carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics
Homologous chromosomes ________.
carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics
Part complete Which of the following is a function of the cell cycle that, in eukaryotes, involves mitosis? production of gametes sexual reproduction cell replacement speeding up evolution
cell replacement
Sister chromatids are joined at the ______.
centromere
Sister chromatids are joined at the ________.
centromere
) A ______ describes a site of crossing over.
chiasma
Genetically, human ______. A) children are equally related to both parents B) children are more closely related to their mother than to their father C) females are more closely related to their father than to their mother D) males are more closely related to their father than to their mother E) females are more closely related to their mother than are males
children are more closely related to their mother than to their father
DNA is found in structures called ______. A) centrosomes B) chiasma C) histones D) chromosomes
chromosomes
Most of an organism's DNA is carried by its _____. nucleoli chromosomes mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum
chromosomes
During metaphase ______.
chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
During metaphase ______. A) the nuclear envelope breaks up B) sister chromatids separate C) centromeres divide D) chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
During metaphase, ________.
chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
During metaphase ______. A) cytokinesis occurs B) the nuclear envelope breaks up C) centromeres divide D) tetrads form E) chromosomes line up on the midline of the cell
chromosomes line up on the midline of the cell
Which processes lead to most genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms? Select all that apply. crossing over independent orientation of chromosomes in meiosis random fertilization cytokinesis
crossing over independent orientation of chromosomes in meiosis random fertilization
One celled organisms reproducing asexually produce _____cells while most multicellular organisms reproduce sexually by _____ cells
diploid, haploid
The purpose of cell replicating its genetic material before mitosis is to
divide the genetic material and yet maintain the same original amount
Mendel crossed true-breeding purple-flowered plants with true-breeding white-flowered plants, and all of the resulting offspring produced purple flowers. The allele for purple flowers is ______.
dominant
After replication, ______.
each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one new strand
A karyotype (a chromosome display) would be unable to determine ______.
eye color
A karyotype (a chromosome display) would be unable to determine ________.
eye color
A karyotype (a chromosome display) would be unable to determine ________. Down syndrome eye color Turner syndrome sex
eye color
Meiosis and cytokinesis result in the formation of __________. two haploid cells four haploid cells four diploid cells two diploid cells
four haploid cells
How much genetic material is present in a cell during prophase I compared to a cell that has completed meiosis II?
four times as much
How much genetic material is present in a cell during prophase I compared to a cell that has completed meiosis II? A) one-quarter as much B) four times as much C) one-half as much D) twice as much
four times as much
According to Mendel's law of segregation, ______.
gametes have one copy of each allele
Crossing over during prophase I results in ______. A) nondisjunction B) reciprocal translocation C) duplication D) genetic recombination
genetic recombination
Crossing over during prophase I results in ________.
genetic recombination
A cell that completed the cell cycle without undergoing cytokinesis would ______. A) have less genetic material than it started with B) not have completed anaphase C) have its chromosomes lined up in the middle of the cell D) have two nuclei
have two nuclei
A cell that completed the cell cycle without undergoing cytokinesis would ________.
have two nuclei
In humans, the inheritance of ______ is best explained as being polygenic.
height
What is assorted or separated during independent assortment?
homologous chromosomes
What is said to be independent of each other in independent assortment?
homologous chromosomes
Non-disjunction occurs when
homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids fail to separate
During metaphase I,
homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
During metaphase I, ________.
homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
At anaphase I_______ is separated while at anaphase II _______is separated.
homologous chromosomes, sister chromatids
A mating between a true-breeding purple-flowered pea plant and a true-breeding white-flowered pea plant would produce a(n) ______.
hybrid
An individual with (naturally) curly hair and an individual with (naturally) straight hair mate; all of their offspring have (naturally) wavy hair. What is the relationship between the alleles for hair texture?
incomplete dominance
Which term is used to describe the way homologous pairs of chromosomes line up at random orientation during metaphase I? crossing over independent assortment genetic variation random fertilization
independent assortment
Which of the following does not enhance genetic diversity? A) crossing over during prophase I of meiosis B) independent orientation of chromosomes at metaphase I C) mitosis of somatic cells D) random fertilization E) All of the choices enhance genetic diversity.
independent orientation of chromosomes at metaphase I
Many human traits, such as our performance on intelligence tests or our susceptibility to heart disease, are ______.
influenced by both genes and the environment
What is the correct order of the stages of translation?
initiation, codon recognition, peptide bond formation, translocation, termination
The correct sequence of events occurring during transcription is ______.
initiation, elongation, termination
The correct sequence of the stages of the cell cycle is ______. A) metaphase, interphase, prophase, anaphase, telophase B) interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase C) anaphase, interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase D) telophase, prophase, interphase, anaphase, metaphase E) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
An individual heterozygous for cystic fibrosis ______.
is a carrier
To determine the phenotype of an individual who expresses a dominant trait, you would cross that individual with an individual who ______.
is homozygous recessive for that trait
Part complete A consequence of asexual reproduction in a plant is that __________. a partner is needed for reproduction pollen dispersal is critical to survival gametes are produced in large numbers its entire genetic legacy can remain intac
its entire genetic legacy can remain intac
What is the best explanation for a BbCc × bbcc cross producing offspring in a 5:5:1:1 phenotypic ratio?
linked genes
What name is given to the specific location of a gene on a chromosome?
locus
The DNA double helix is ______.
made up of two polynucleotide strands
Transcription is the ______.
manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA
Pic-Consider the following figure. It indicates that a single amino acid substitution ______
may alter a protein so that it no longer functions properly
Part complete Sexual reproduction requires the cellular process of __________ followed by __________. mitosis ... gamete formation meiosis ... fertilization mitosis ... meiosis mitosis ... fertilization
meiosis ... fertilization
This diagram of the human life cycle shows that ________.
meiosis produces haploid sperm and egg cells
This diagram of the human life cycle shows that ________. meiosis produces a diploid zygote meiosis produces haploid sperm and egg cells fertilization produces a haploid zygote a diploid zygote undergoes meiosis to produce an adult human
meiosis produces haploid sperm and egg cells
The diagram of the human life cycle shows that________.
meiosis produces haploid sperm and egg cells.
The above figure shows that ________.
meiosis results in the formation of four haploid daughter cells
The above figure shows that ________. meiosis forms diploid gametes meiosis results in the formation of four haploid daughter cells fertilization results in four haploid daughter cells the human 2n number is 4
meiosis results in the formation of four haploid daughter cells
the above figure shows
meiosis results in the formation of four haploid daughter cells
One difference between mitosis and meiosis is ______.
mitosis produces cells genetically identical to the parent cell, but meiosis does not
One difference between mitosis and meiosis is ______. A) mitosis produces haploid cells, but meiosis produces diploid cells B) mitosis requires only one parent cell, but meiosis requires two parent cells C) mitosis produces more daughter cells than meiosis D) mitosis produces cells genetically identical to the parent cell, but meiosis does not E) meiosis is needed for growth and tissue repair, but mitosis is not
mitosis produces cells genetically identical to the parent cell, but meiosis does not
One difference between mitosis and meiosis is ________.
mitosis produces cells genetically identical to the parent cell, but meiosis does not
One difference between mitosis and meiosis is ________. mitosis produces more daughter cells for each division than meiosis mitosis produces haploid cells, but meiosis produces diploid cells mitosis requires only one parent cell, but meiosis requires two parent cells mitosis produces cells genetically identical to the parent cell, but meiosis does not
mitosis produces cells genetically identical to the parent cell, but meiosis does not
One celled organisms can asexually reproduce by ______ while most multicellular organisms sexually reproduce by______.
mitosis, meiosis
Amanda's abnormal number of sex chromosomes resulted from ______.
nondisjunction
Cancer is all of the following except
normal cellular growth
The chromosomes of eukaryotic cells are found in the ________.
nucleus
Plant viruses ______.
often use RNA, rather than DNA, as their genetic material
While working with cultured mouse cells, a researcher unknowingly treated the cells with a mutagen that causes the deletion or insertion of individual nucleotides in DNA. Subsequently, she isolated and cultured a single cell from this group. She noticed that the progeny of this cell were not producing a certain protein and that this affected their survival The mutation that resulted from her accident was probably ______.
one that changed the triplet grouping of the genetic message
) As shown in the following figure, plant cell cytokinesis differs from animal cell cytokinesis because ______.
plant cells form a cell plate and animal cells do not
As shown in the following figure, plant cell cytokinesis differs from animal cell cytokinesis because ________.
plant cells form a cell plate and animal cells do not
Marfan syndrome is the result of inheriting a single allele. Individuals with Marfan syndrome are tall and long-limbed, and have both cardiovascular and eye defects. The inheritance of Marfan syndrome is an example of ______.
pleiotropy
Ordinary cell division produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical. This type of cell division is important for all of the following functions EXCEPT
production of sperm and eggs
Ordinary cell division produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical. This type of cell division is important for all of the following functions EXCEPT ________.
production of sperm and eggs
A(n) ______ is to bacteria as a ______ is to animal cells.
prophage . . . provirus
The CORRECT sequence of stages of mitosis is ________.
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Part complete A benign tumor is a condition in which tumor cells __________. migrate from the initial site of transformation to other organs or tissues remain confined to their original site invade the circulatory system have an unusual number of chromosomes
remain confined to their original site
A mutation within a gene that will insert a premature stop codon in mRNA would ______.
result in a shortened polypeptide chain
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) must use its own ______ to reproduce.
reverse transcriptase
The best definition of a true-breeding plant is one that ______.
self-fertilizes to produce offspring identical to the parent
Pic-Examine the genetic code table, shown below. The codon AGC codes for the amino acid ______
serine
Which of these describes the type of reproduction that is most adaptive in a rapidly changing environment with many different parasitic diseases present?
sexual reproduction because the diversity of genotypes increases the likelihood that there is one which can survive in a new environment
Which of these describes the type of reproduction that is most adaptive in a rapidly changing environment with many different parasitic diseases present? asexual reproduction, because asexual reproduction uses less energy, which leaves more for each individual to adapt to the changing environment asexual reproduction because the currently successful genotypes can reproduce quickly sexual reproduction because this type of reproduction allows the production of a greater number of offspring thus providing more individuals to take advantage of any environmental challenges presented sexual reproduction because the diversity of genotypes increases the likelihood that there is one which can survive in a new environment
sexual reproduction because the diversity of genotypes increases the likelihood that there is one which can survive in a new environment
If a strand of DNA has the sequence AAGCTC, transcription will result in a(n) ______.
single RNA strand with the sequence UUCGAG
A duplicated chromosome consists of two ______. A) centromeres B) centrosomes C) genomes D) sister chromatids
sister chromatids
A duplicated chromosome consists of two ________.
sister chromatids
Part complete A duplicated chromosome consists of two ______. centrosomes sister chromatids centromeres genomes
sister chromatids
A typical body cell with 23 pairs of chromosomes is called a __________. somatic cell gamete haploid cell sister cell
somatic cell
In the accompanying art you see a table with the actual number of offspring that resulted from a dihybrid cross. The numbers do not show the 9:3:3:1 ratio predicted. One phenotype occurred more than predicted; another occurred less. The reason could be because ______.
some of the alleles were linked
Centrosomes produce _________________ while spindle microtubules___________.
spindle microtubules, guide the separation of the chromosomes
Cytokinesis typically begins during the ______ stage of mitosis.
telophase
Which of the following is a stage of mitosis?
telophase
Which of the following is a stage of mitosis? A) cytokinesis B) telophase C) interphase D) DNA synthesis
telophase
Anaphase II is essentially the same as mitotic anaphase except that in anaphase II ______ and in mitotic anaphase ______. A) cytokinesis occurs . . . cytokinesis does not occur B) the cells are haploid and sister chromatids separate . . . the cells are diploid and sister chromatids separate C) chromosomes line up double file in the middle of the cell . . . chromosomes line up single file in the middle of the cell D) crossing over occurs . . . crossing over does not occur E) the cells are diploid . . . the cells are haploid
the cells are haploid and sister chromatids separate . . . the cells are diploid and sister chromatids separate
Genetic variation is accomplished by all but one of the following. Choose the exception.
the events of meiosis II
Genetic variation is accomplished by all but one of the following. Which is it? A) the events of meiosis I B) crossing over C) independent assortment D) the events of meiosis II
the events of meiosis II
During telophase _
the events of prophase are reversed
During telophase, ________.
the events of prophase are reversed
Part complete Crossing over is __________. an independent assortment of chromosomes the exchange of corresponding portions of homologous chromosomes the movement of genetic material from one chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome the formation of tetrads
the exchange of corresponding portions of homologous chromosomes
Which of the following occurs during prophase? A) the mitotic spindle begins to form B) cytokinesis C) nucleoli reappear D) chromosomes line up on the midline of the cell E) sister chromatids separate
the mitotic spindle begins to form
The absence of a terminator in transcription will result in ______.
the production of a longer RNA molecule
Pic-If you were asked to study the pattern of bacterial growth (increase in numbers over time) during an infection, you would find that numbers of bacteria increase exponentially up to a certain point. Assume that you have been asked to interpret the growth of bacteriophages. You infect the host bacteria and measure the increase of phages over a defined period of time. You plot the results and get the graph shown here. Once viruses are detected, the number of viruses increases rapidly. This is because __________.
the viruses lyse the hosts to release mature viruses all at once
At the end of meiosis,
there are 4 haploid cells
How many nucleotides make up a codon?
three
In a DNA double helix, adenine pairs with ______ and guanine pairs with ______.
thymine . . . cytosine
The karyotype above shows ________.
trisomy 21, a cause of Down syndrome
) two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information
two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information
The cell cycle results in the production of ______. A) four cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information B) two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material but with different genetic information C) two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information D) four cells, each with the same amount of genetic material but with different genetic information
two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information
The mitotic cell cycle results in the production of ________.
two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information
The mitotic cell cycle results in the production of ________. four cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information four cells, each with the same amount of genetic material but with different genetic information two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material but with different genetic information
two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information
The cell cycle results in the production of ______ A) four haploid cells, each with the same amount of genetic material but with different genetic information B) a diploid zygote C) two diploid cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information D) four diploid cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information E) two diploid cells, each with the same amount of genetic material but with different genetic information
two diploid cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information
Upon completion of telophase I and cytokinesis, there is(are) ________ cell(s).
two haploid
RNA contains the nitrogenous base ______ instead of ______, which is only found in DNA.
uracil . . . thymine
Which scientist is credited with proposing in 1887 that an egg and a sperm fuse to form a zygote? A) Mr. Garcia B) Fleming C) van Beneden D) Watson E) Muller
van Beneden
How can bacteriophage DNA be spread from cell to cell without causing cell death?
via a lysogenic cycle
The ______ is most commonly found in nature
wild-type trait
