bio ch 9 "photosynthesis"
The light-independent reactions (calvin cycle) begins when CO2 binds with ____.
RUBP
the role of chlorophyll b and the carotenoids is to _______.
absorb light energy
other pigments, such as chlorophyll b and carotenoids, are called ____ pigments.
accessory pigment
At night, CAM plants incorporate CO2 into ____, which is stored in the ____ of their cells?
malate; vacuoles
photosynthesis occurs in the _____ cells of the leaf which contain 20-100 chloroplasts each.
mesophyll
the four carbon compound gives up carbon as CO2 in the ____ cells where the calvin cycle functions normally.
mesophyll
In C4 plants, reactions that fix CO2 into four-carbon compounds occur in what type of cells?
mesophyll cells
Something similar happens in CAM plants. Instead of making the four carbon compound in different cells than the calvin cycle occurs, the four carbon compound is made at ____ (time of day) and stored in the central vacuole until ____(time of day)
night, day
Where are chloroplasts found in the greatest density?
palisade and spongy mesophyll
Under dry conditions, the stomates close and CO2 cannot enter the leaf. Under these, conditions a wasteful process called ____ may occur.
photorespiration
all of these pigments capture energy from light and pass it to the ____ center.
reaction
chlorophyll a is a pigment that absorbs light int the (color) _____ and _____ wavelengths.
red and blue
Chlorophyll absorbs light most strongly in what region of the electromagnetic spectrum?
red and blue wavelengths
in noncyclic phosphorylation light hits chlorophyll and an electron is excited and is grabbed by the etc. to replace the electron _____ is split to yield protons, electrons and oxygen.
water
Which of the following statements about an antenna complex is TRUE?
It "funnels" energy to the reaction center.
In the C4 pathway, what happens to the CO2 formed when malate is decarboxylated in bundle-sheath cells?
It enters the Calvin cycle.
the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis produce the energy rich molecules ____ and _____.
ATP and NADPH
Some plants have an adaptation to avoid this wasteful process. In c4 photosynthesis the first stable molecule formed is a ____ because the enzyme PEP carboxylase has a very high affinity for CO2 (fixes carbon even when CO2 levels are low)
4 carbon
Which of the following conditions favors photorespiration?
A hot, dry environment
the light-independent reactions use these high energy molecules to fix the carbon of ____ into carbohydrate (sugar) molecules.
CO2
NADPH is produced when ____ acts as the final electron acceptor in noncyclic electron flow.
NADP
Rubisco can use ______ or CO2 as a substrate?
Oxygen
What is the first step in the Calvin cycle?
carbon dioxide attaches to RuBP.
During the reactions of photosynthesis, ____ is reduced and ____ is oxidized?
carbon dioxide; water
Which of the following are accessory photosynthetic pigments that expand the spectrum of light to provide energy for photosynthesis?
carotenoids and chlorophyll b
ATP is produced through the process of ____
chemiosmosis
What is the primary function of stomates?
gas exchange
What color does chlorophyll reflect?
green
ATP is formed when ____ the thylakoid lumen?
hydrogen ions leave
During which phase of photosynthesis is ATP and NADPH synthesized?
light-dependent phase
An electron absorbs a photon of light energy and becomes energized; the electron shifts from a ____ atomic orbital to a __________ atomic orbital?
lower energy; higher energy
The CO2 used in photosynthesis enter the plants through the ____.
stoma
In which part of the chloroplast do the carbon fixation reactions take place?
stroma
the the chloroplast, the light-absorbing pigments are embedded in the ____ membrane.
thylakoid
Where is the electron transport chain of photosynthesis located?
thylakoid membrane
In what part of a chloroplast are chlorophyll and accessory photosynthetic pigments associated?
thylakoid membranes
The O2 evolved in photosynthesis comes from?
water