Bio - Chapter 21 - evidence for evolution (b)

1. greatest similarity is present 2. different characteristic are lost or formed 3. final form is obtained

developmental patterns seen in a groupof organisms often reveal evolutionary relationships. Place the developmental description in the order that they would occur in a group of related organisms, beginning with the earliest description at the top

pharyngeal pouches

early human embryos have _____ pouches which indicates that one of our earliest ancestors was an aquatic species

intermediate

even though there are gaps in the fossil records some of the most direct evidence for evolution comes from fossils called _______ fossils that illustrate how the major transition in life occurs

the widespread appearance of grasslands

evolutionary changes in the horse in North America is related to

55 (MYO)

horses are a member of an animal family that produced many extinct species and originated approx _______ million yrs ago (pg 425)

the climate impacts on the size of seeds which is a selective force for beck size

how does climate drive evolution in the medium ground finch

relative dating was used in the past now we use absolute dating

how has rock and fossil dating changed since Darwin's time

has lead to strong, predicable evolutionary response

in the laboratory setting selection for a trait in fruit flies

different species

laboratory selection experiments have produced forms that cannot reproduce and thus would in nature be considered

intermediate

many _____ fossils have been found that illustrate how major transitions in life have occurred in the past

light

on trees without lichens Tutt proposed that _____ coloured peppered moths were more visible to predators

increased

over the last 55 million years, the limbs of animals in most lineages of the horse family have ______ in length

light gray , black

peppered moths come in a variety of shades from _____ grey with speckles to completely ____ (melanic)

the absence of many plants and animals means there are many unexploited niches

species on islands often show great diversification why?

homologous

structures with different appearances and functions that are all derived from the same body part in a common ancestor are called ______ structures

evolved from the same body part in a common ancestor

the forelimbs of modern vertebrates are homologous structures meaning that they may have changed evolutionary to perform functions but the

large with complex pattern of ridges

the teeth of modern members of the horse family are

false

true or false; industrial melanism has only been observed in a few countries in Europe

1.the tree niche is empty and so a flower can evolve through natural selection to be tree like 2. tree seeds rarely make it to isolated islands

which of the following are reasons why island tress belong to plant families that typically do not have tree members eg. the sunflower family

silver fox

after generations of selective breeding this animal has been made exceptionally tame

can produce significant evolutionary change

artificial selection clearly shows that selection ____ evolutionary changes such that over millions of years selection can produce the diversity of life on earth

is a nonrandom process

because it favoured those variations that lead to the highest reproductive fitness natural selection (pg 432)

the geographic distribution of modern and extinct species

biogeography studies

substantial

what is the magnitude of change produced by artificial selection

reversal of industrial melanism is not correlated with the re-appearance of lichens

what recent obsevation has prompted scientists to challenge Tutt's hypothesis about the cause of industrial melanism

some organisms do not appear to be perfectly adapted to their environments

what statement is true about natural selection?

70 (MYO)

when did Australia separate from other continents

1.they are also known as fossil genes 2. they are the sites where mutations can occur 3. they are made inactive by mutations

which is correct about pseudogenes

like all mammals giraffes only have 7 vertebrae in their necks which limits their flexibility

why are giraffe necks not perfectly suited for their function?

1. because it is supported by a large body of evidence 2. because it helps explain a very wide range of observations

why is evolution considered a theory