Bio Chapter 22 Study Questions

Gastric pits are

openings into gastric glands

Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?

pancreas

Identify the structure labeled "7."

pylorus

he region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the

pylorus

Functions of the large intestine include

reabsorption of water and compaction of feces. storage of fecal material prior to defection. absorption of vitamins. All of the answers are correct.

All of the following are true of the lining of the stomach except that it

recycles bile.

What is the function of the structure labeled "6"?

regulates release of chyme into the duodenum

An enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa of a newborn that assists in the digestion of milk proteins is

rennin.

The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called

rugae

The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release enzymes and buffers is

secretin.

What type of epithelium covers the structures labeled "6"?

simple columnar

Duodenal glands are characteristic of the

small intestine.

In the digestive and urinary systems, rings of smooth muscle, called ________, regulate the movement of materials along internal passageways.

sphincters

Which of these descriptions best matches the term gastrin?

stimulates gastric secretion

The ________ mechanically digests ingested food.

stomach

Chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes takes place in the

stomach.

Which layer of the digestive tract has a dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the muscularis mucosae?

submucosa

Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the

submucosa.

Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the

submucosal plexus.

Muscles known as the pharyngeal constrictors function in

swallowing

Which of the following is greater?

the pH of the blood in gastric veins during digestion of a large meal

A small, wormlike structure attached to the posteromedial surface of the cecum is the

appendix.

An intestinal hormone that stimulates contraction of the gallbladder to release bile is

cholecystokinin.

After food and gastric juices combine, the gastric contents are referred to as

chyme.

Circular folds are

circumferential folds in the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine.

Contraction of the muscle layer labeled "9" causes the digestive tract to

constrict.

Which of the following is not a component of the defecation reflex?

contraction of the external anal sphincter

Which of these descriptions best matches the term "myenteric plexus"?

coordinates activity of muscularis externa

Identify the structure labeled "12."

fundus

The portion of the stomach that is superior to the junction between the stomach and the esophagus is the

fundus

An intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is

gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).

G cells of the stomach secrete

gastrin

An intestinal hormone that stimulates gastric secretion is

gastrin.

The hormone that stimulates secretion and contraction by the stomach is

gastrin.

Kupffer cells lurk in the liver, searching for invaders. Where in the liver do they lurk?

hepatic sinusoids

Parietal cells secrete

hydrochloric acid

Regions of the stomach include all of the following except

ileum

The portion of the small intestine that attaches to the cecum is the

ileum.

Aggregated lymphoid nodules are characteristic of the

ileum. Submit

Which of these descriptions best matches the term "submucosal plexus"?

includes a sensory neural network

Circular folds and intestinal villi

increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.

The middle segment of the small intestine is the

jejunum.

The part of the digestive tract that plays the primary role in chemical digestion and nutrient absorption is the

jejunum.

The villi are most developed in the

jejunum.

Products of fat digestion are transported initially by

lacteals.

The layer of loose connective tissue that directly supports the digestive epithelium is the

lamina propria.

What organ is primarily responsible for water absorption?

large intestine

Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials?

large intestine

Which of the following is not a phase of deglutition?

laryngeal

The connection of the anterior portion of the tongue to the underlying epithelium is the

lingual frenulum

The basic functional unit of the liver is the

lobule.

Gastrin secretion in response to elevated luminal pH is an example of ________ stimulation.

local

Which of the following is a function of the tongue?

manipulation to assist with chewingsensory analysissecretion of mucinsmechanical processing

Movements unique to the large intestine are ________ movements.

mass

Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called

mass movements.

The ________ is a double sheet of peritoneal membrane that suspends the visceral organs and carries nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels.

mesentery

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the

mouth

The lamina propria and mucous epithelium are components of the

mucosa.

Which of the following is classified as being either squamous or columnar?

mucosal epithelium

Contraction of the ________ alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds.

muscularis mucosa

Sandwiched between the layer of circular and longitudinal muscle in the muscularis externa is the

myenteric plexus.

Identify the structure labeled "10."

oblique muscle layer

A structure that helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely is the

uvula.

An intestinal hormone that stimulates mucus secretion by the submucosal duodenal glands and dilation of intestinal capillaries is

vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).

Identify the structures labeled "6."

villi

Mary had her most of her stomach surgically removed in an effort to overcome obesity. As a result you would expect Mary to be at risk for

vitamin B12 deficiency.

During deglutition,

the soft palate elevates.the lower esophageal sphincter opens.the larynx elevates and the epiglottis closes.

Which structure controls the contraction of the muscularis externa?

10

Where would you find a brush border?

6

Which structure helps the stomach to stretch as it fills with food?

9

The activities of the digestive system are regulated by

All of the answers are correct.

________ are arranged within a lobule of the liver into a series of plates converging toward a central vein.

Hepatocytes

The greater omentum is

a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera.

A drug that blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells would result in

a higher pH in the stomach during gastric digestion.

The movement of organic molecules, electrolytes, minerals, and water across the digestive epithelium into interstitial fluid is known as

absorption

A drug that blocks the action of the hormone cholecystokinin would affect

acid production by the stomach. the delivery of bile. the composition of pancreatic secretions. All of the answers are correct.

What is produced by the structure labeled "7"?

antibodies

Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract except the

bladder.

In response to the arrival of acid chyme in the duodenum, the

blood levels of secretin rise.

he part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food and secretions is the

body

The roof of the oral cavity is formed by

both the hard palate and the soft palate

The esophagus connects to which region of the stomach?

cardia

Lacteals

carry absorbed fats to the lymphatic system.

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term cholecystokinin (CCK)?

causes gall bladder to contract

The sac-like structure that joins the ileum at the ileocecal valve is the

cecum.

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

filtration

A disease that attacks and disables the myenteric plexus would

decrease intestinal motility.

Submucosal glands that secrete mucus are characteristic of the

duodenum.

Haustra are

expansible pouches of the colon.

The ________ is composed of smooth muscle fibers and is not under voluntary control

internal anal sphincter

Which of the following enhance the absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine?

intestinal movements microvilli circular folds villi All of the answers are correct.

The structure labeled "5"

is part of the visceral peritoneum. contributes to the mesentery of the small intestine. has a simple squamous epithelium. is called the serosa. All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following statements about the tongue is false

it secretes salivary amylase.

Functions of the tongue include all of the following except

partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx.

Chief cells secrete

pepsinogen

Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called

peristalsis.

The ability to function over a wide range of lengths is called

plasticity.

The uvula is located at the

posterior margin of the soft palate

The Kupffer cells of the liver

present antigens. destroy bacteria. destroy damaged RBCs. are phagocytic. All of the answers are correct.

The enzyme pepsin digests

proteins