Bio Chapter 3 + 5

How many types of amino acids exist? Select one: a. 16 b. 20 c. 4 d. 12

b. 20

The structure of steroid is recognized by Select one: a. multiple functional groups b. four fused carbon rings c. amino acid chain d. a long hydrogen-carbon chain

b. four fused carbon rings

Select the term that differs from the other three. Select one: a. cellulose b. glucose c. starch d. glycogen

b. glucose

The two enzyme inhibitor mechanisms are Select one: a. changing the substrate in both mechanisms b. changing the shape of the substrate and the active site c. blocking the active site and changing the shape of the active site

c. blocking the active site and changing the shape of the active site

In the analogy of the human body and the car, which of these comparisons is NOT true? Select one: a. conversion process: combustion and cellular respiration b. waste products: carbon dioxide/monoxide and fecal material c. fuel: octane and cellulose d. energy conversion byproduct: heat and kinetic energy and heat and ATP

c. fuel: octane and cellulose

How many kilocalories (not calories) are required to raise 2073 grams of water 26 degrees Celsius? Answer to 3 decimal places. If your answer does not come out to 3 decimal places, add zeroes to get to 3 places (example 4.5=4.500) Do not include a label.

53.898

Energy is transferred from ATP to other molecules by transferring a(n) ________. Select one: A. phosphate group B. adenosine C. heat unit D. ADP

A. phosphate group

________ is a hydroxyl group. Select one: A. -OH B. -COOH C. -H D. -NH2

A. -OH

Ten kilocalories are equivalent to ________ calories. Select one: A. 10,000 B. 100 C. 1,000 D. 0.1

A. 10,000

A single carbon atom can form a maximum of ________ covalent bond(s). Select one: A. 4 B. 2 C. 1 D. 0

A. 4

Which of the following is TRUE with regard to a DNA molecule? Select one: A. The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine. B. The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of uracil. C. The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of cytosine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of thymine. D. The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of guanine, and the amount of thymine is equal to the amount of cytosine.

A. The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine.

In a hypotonic solution, a plant cell will ________. plasmolysis-the shrinking of the cytoplasm of the cell away from the cell wall due to water loss via osmosis turgid- swelling of a cell, to the point of becoming rigid or inflexible flaccid- neither swollen, nor shrunken Select one: A. become turgid B. burst C. become flaccid D. undergo plasmolysis

A. become turgid

Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this example, the sperm are changing ________. Select one: A. chemical energy into kinetic energy B. chemical energy into potential energy C. kinetic energy into potential energy D. kinetic energy into chemical energy

A. chemical energy into kinetic energy

What name is given to the following reaction? galactose + glucose → lactose + water Select one: A. dehydration B. hydrolysis C. glycolysis D. hydrogenation

A. dehydration

In the following equation, lactose is a ________. galactose + glucose → lactose + water Select one: A. disaccharide B. nucleic acid C. fatty acid D. dipeptide

A. disaccharide

Substances that plug up an enzyme's active site are ________. Select one: A. enzyme inhibitors B. enzyme substrates C. enzyme catalysts D. enzyme products

A. enzyme inhibitors

Examine the cells below. Cells with a higher concentration of ions than the surrounding medium tend to ________. Select one: A. expand B. shrink C. divide D. stay about the same size and shape

A. expand

A glycerol with three fatty acids attached is referred to as a ________. Select one: A. fat B. prostaglandin C. steroid D. nucleic acid

A. fat

Animals store carbohydrates as ________. Select one: A. glycogen B. cellulose C. starch D. maltose

A. glycogen

Some protozoans have special organelles called contractile vacuoles that continually eliminate excess water from the cell. The presence of these organelles tells you that the environment ________. Select one: A. is hypotonic to the protozoan B. is hypertonic to the protozoan C. contains a higher concentration of solutes than the protozoan D. is isotonic to the protozoan

A. is hypotonic to the protozoan

In the following reaction, galactose is a ________. galactose + glucose → lactose + water Select one: A. monomer B. protein C. polymer D. polysaccharide

A. monomer

Diffusion is an example of ________. Select one: A. passive transport B. phagocytosis C. active transport D. endocytosis

A. passive transport

By definition, what type of fatty acid has double bonds? Select one: A. unsaturated B. steroid C. triglyceride D. saturated

A. unsaturated

Humans convert approximately ________ of the energy stored in food to useful work. Select one: A. 55% B. 34% C. 22% D. 99.9%

B. 34%

________ is a steroid. Select one: A. Amino acid B. Estrogen C. Sucrose D. Butter

B. Estrogen

Oleic acid is a fatty acid that occurs naturally in many animal and vegetable fats and oils. What can you tell about oleic acid just by looking at its structure? Select one: A. Oleic acid is a trans fatty acid. B. Oleic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid. C. Oleic acid is a hydrophilic fatty acid. D. Oleic acid is a saturated fatty acid.

B. Oleic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid.

The region of an enzyme to which a substrate binds is called the ________ site. Select one: A. enzymatic B. active C. inactive D. substrate

B. active

Proteins are polymers constructed from ________ monomers. Select one: A. nucleotide B. amino acid C. fatty acid D. hydrocarbon

B. amino acid

What name is given to the following reaction? glycerol + 3 fatty acids → triglyceride + 3 water molecules Select one: A. hydrolysis B. dehydration C. glycolysis D. hydrogenation

B. dehydration

Cellulose is an example of ________. Select one: A. a steroid B. fiber C. fat D. a polypeptide

B. fiber

An object at rest has no ________ energy, but it may have ________ energy resulting from its location or structure. Select one: A. potential... kinetic B. kinetic... potential C. stored... potential D. kinetic... conserved

B. kinetic... potential

Nucleic acids are polymers of ________ monomers. Select one: A. monosaccharide B. nucleotide C. DNA D. fatty acid

B. nucleotide

Diffusion ________. Select one: A. occurs when particles spread from areas where they are less concentrated to areas where they are more concentrated B. proceeds until equilibrium is reached C. requires an input of cellular energy D. is the result of the potential energy of atoms

B. proceeds until equilibrium is reached

Usually, enzymes are ________. Select one: A. fats B. proteins C. steroids D. chemical reactions

B. proteins

Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide? Select one: A. maltose B. starch C. sucrose D. glucose

B. starch

Which component of the following reaction is the enzyme? sucrose + sucrase + water → sucrase + glucose + fructose Select one: A. glucose B. sucrase C. fructose D. sucrose

B. sucrase

Which component of the following reaction is the substrate? sucrose + sucrase + water → sucrase + glucose + fructose Select one: A. glucose B. sucrose C. fructose D. sucrase

B. sucrose

DNA nucleotides include ________. Select one: A. uracil, guanine, adenine, and cytosine B. thymine, guanine, adenine, and cytosine C. thymine, uracil, adenine, and cytosine D. thymine, guanine, adenine, and uracil

B. thymine, guanine, adenine, and cytosine

Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires ________ and moves a substance ________ its concentration gradient. Select one: A. energy and transport proteins... against B. transport proteins... down C. transport proteins... against D. energy... down

B. transport proteins... down

What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? Select one: A. sugar B. DNA C. ATP D. fat

C. ATP

Which one of the following is TRUE? Select one: A. Enzymes work generally on a broad range of substrates. B. Enzymes emerge changed from the reactions they catalyze. C. An enzyme's function depends on its three-dimensional shape. D. Enzymes are used up in chemical reactions.

C. An enzyme's function depends on its three-dimensional shape.

A balloon permeable to water but not to glucose contains a 10% glucose solution. A beaker contains a 5% glucose solution. Which of the following is TRUE? Select one: A. The solution in the beaker is hypertonic relative to the solution in the balloon. B. The solution in the balloon is hypotonic relative to the solution in the beaker. C. The solution in the balloon is hypertonic relative to the solution in the beaker. D. The solution in the balloon is isotonic; the solution in the beaker is hypertonic.

C. The solution in the balloon is hypertonic relative to the solution in the beaker.

Amino acids include a side group as well as ________. Select one: A. a central nitrogen, a carbon atom, a hydroxyl group, and a carbonyl group B. a central carbon, a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, and a carbonyl group C. a central carbon, a hydrogen atom, an amino group, and a carboxyl group D. a central nitrogen, a carbon atom, an amino group, and a carbonyl group

C. a central carbon, a hydrogen atom, an amino group, and a carboxyl group

Which of the following processes could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell, if the substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings? Select one: A. facilitated diffusion B. osmosis C. active transport D. diffusion

C. active transport

A friend of yours appears to have put on a lot of muscle very quickly. At the same time, you notice that your friend seems to have a lot of mood swings and appears depressed. It is reasonable for you to suspect that your friend has begun to take ________. Select one: A. amino acid supplements B. creatine C. an anabolic steroid D. protein powder

C. an anabolic steroid

The principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed is known as ________. Select one: A. entropy B. conservation of heat C. conservation of energy D. cellular respiration

C. conservation of energy

Complete the equation: monosaccharide + monosaccharide → ________ + water Select one: A. polypeptide B. fat C. disaccharide D. polysaccharide

C. disaccharide

Which of the following is a measure of randomness in a system? Select one: A. kinetic energy B. chemical energy C. entropy D. potential energy

C. entropy

When two solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a selectively permeable membrane, and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will ________. Select one: A. exhibit an equal movement in both directions across the membrane B. exhibit a net movement to the side with lower solute concentration C. exhibit a net movement to the side with lower water concentration D. exhibit a net movement to the side with higher water concentration

C. exhibit a net movement to the side with lower water concentration

Certain cells that line the stomach synthesize a digestive enzyme and secrete it into the stomach. Which of the following processes could be responsible for its secretion? Select one: A. passive transport B. phagocytosis C. exocytosis D. endocytosis

C. exocytosis

What name is given to the following reaction? sucrose + water → glucose + fructose Select one: A. hydrogenation B. glycolysis C. hydrolysis D. dehydration

C. hydrolysis

Which one of the following is most similar to the mechanism of an enzyme inhibitor? Select one: A. forgetting to put a cap back on a pen B. driving the wrong way on a one-way street C. keeping someone from parking by parking in their designated spot D. changing the tires on a car

C. keeping someone from parking by parking in their designated spot

People with lactose intolerance do not have enough ________. Select one: A. fructose B. lactose C. lactase D. glucose

C. lactase

A rock on the top of a mountain contains ________ energy. Select one: A. kinetic B. no C. potential D. conserved

C. potential

Anything that prevents ATP formation will most likely ________. Select one: A. force the cell to rely on ADP for energy B. force the cell to rely on lipids for energy C. result in cell death D. have no effect on the cell

C. result in cell death

An enzyme's function is most dependent on its ________. Select one: A. pH B. temperature C. shape D. size

C. shape

What is energy? Select one: A. the capacity to cause movement B. a measure of disorder C. the capacity to cause change D. a measure of calories

C. the capacity to cause change

Osmosis can be defined as ________. Select one: A. the diffusion of a solute across a selectively permeable membrane B. the diffusion of nonpolar molecules across a selectively permeable membrane C. the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane D. active transport across a selectively permeable membrane

C. the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

If placed in tap water, an animal cell will undergo lysis, whereas a plant cell will not. What accounts for this difference? (lysis=the cell bursts) Select one: A. expulsion of water by the plant cell's central vacuole B. the relative impermeability of the plant cell wall to water C. the relative inelasticity and strength of the plant cell wall D. the relative impermeability of the plant cell membrane to water

C. the relative inelasticity and strength of the plant cell wall

Carbohydrates typically include ________. Select one: A. an NH2 group B. N and S atoms C. a PO4 group D. C, H, and O atoms

D. C, H, and O atoms

Which one of the following is TRUE? Select one: A. Enzymes' functions require inhibitors. B. Enzymes are the products in a chemical reaction. C. Enzymes are the reactants in a chemical reaction. D. Enzymes catalyze specific reactions.

D. Enzymes catalyze specific reactions.

How does RNA differ from DNA? Select one: A. RNA is double-stranded; DNA is single-stranded. B. In RNA G pairs with T; in DNA G pairs with C. C. RNA is a polymer of amino acids; DNA is a polymer of nucleotides. D. RNA contains uracil; DNA contains thymine.

D. RNA contains uracil; DNA contains thymine.

If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence AGTACTG, what will be the sequence of the other strand? Select one: A. GTCATGA B. GACGTCA C. AGTACTG D. TCATGAC

D. TCATGAC

A balloon permeable to water but not to glucose contains a 10% glucose solution. A beaker contains a 5% glucose solution. What will happen when the balloon is submerged in the beaker? Select one: A. The amount of glucose in the beaker will decrease. B. The amount of glucose in the beaker will increase. C. The volume of water in the beaker will increase. D. The volume of water in the beaker will decrease.

D. The volume of water in the beaker will decrease.

Active transport ________. Select one: A. can involve the transport of ions B. can move solutes against their concentration gradient C. uses ATP as an energy source D. all of the answer options

D. all of the answer options

Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by ________. Select one: A. contributing electrons to the reaction B. changing the pH of the environment C. increasing the temperature of the substrates D. decreasing activation energy

D. decreasing activation energy

Saturated fats are saturated with ________. Select one: A. nitrogen B. carbon C. oxygen D. hydrogen

D. hydrogen

The sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in organisms is called ________. Select one: A. conservation of energy B. cellular synthesis C. hydrolysis D. metabolism

D. metabolism

A fat that is hydrogenated is ________. Select one: A. more unsaturated B. less likely to cause strokes C. easier to digest D. more solid

D. more solid

The act of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is ________. Select one: A. diffusion B. osmosis C. exocytosis D. phagocytosis

D. phagocytosis

Which of these is not a major polysaccharide Select one: a. lipid b. starch c. cellulose d. glycogen

a. lipid

The chemical backbone of DNA is Select one: a. hydrogen bonds b. nucleotide bases c. sugar phosphate d. deoxyribose

c. sugar phosphate

Functional groups on organic compounds Select one: a. have no role in chemical reactions b. are part of the carbon "skeleton" c. are what defines "organic" d. are directly involved in chemical reactions

d. are directly involved in chemical reactions

After ATP releases energy, it can regain its original chemical nature Select one: a. by capturing the heat released b. by attaching 3 phosphates c. by restoring the adenosine d. by adding a phosphate to ADP

d. by adding a phosphate to ADP

What can cause a protein to come apart (denature)? Select one: a. salt b. amino acids c. lipids d. temperature

d. temperature

Match the organic compound type with the appropriate example. protein, lipid, nucleic acid, carbohydrate DNA, enzyme, fat, sugar

protein - enzyme lipid - fat nucleic acid - DNA carbohydrate - sugar