Bio Chapter 4

_____ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells.

Central vacuoles; ribosomes

If you wished to observe a white blood cell as it engulfed a viral particle, which type of microscope would you choose?

Light Microscope

Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell?

Mitochondrion

Nuclues

Stores the genetic information of the cell

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole?

Storing compounds produced by the cell

Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast?

The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy.

What is the relationship between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane?

The finished products of the Golgi apparatus may leave the cell through vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.

Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?

The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.

One function of the central vacuole in plant cells is facilitating cell growth: the central vacuole absorbs water and increases in size, expanding the volume and size of the plant cell while doing so. Animal cells, however, do not grow by this method. What is an essential difference between animal and plant cells that could explain how a plant cell can withstand this expansion of the central vacuole?

The plant cell wall provides a more rigid structure.

lysosome

breaks down macromolecules using digestive enzymes

mitochondrion

converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell

Which of the following components is external to the plasma membrane?

extracellular matrix

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both __________; however, they are different in that only chloroplasts, and not mitochondria, __________.

have a double membrane ... carry out photosynthesis

The plant cell wall

is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils.

The nucleolus __________.

is rich in ribosomal RNA

The maximum size of a cell is limited by _____.

its need for enough surface area to make exchanges with its environment

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic; unlike a typical eukaryotic cell, they _____.

lack a nucleus

A disease called primary ciliary dyskenisia is characterized by abnormal ciliary movements. In these cilia, microtubule functioning is disrupted due to microtubules missing an essential component. This disease could be caused by __________.

lack of dynein proteins

The cells of a person with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) swell with a buildup of fatty acids. Which organelle is most likely failing to function correctly?

lysosome

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?

lysosome

Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____.

metabolically active

The internal skeleton of a cell is composed of _____.

microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments

Most of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is in the _____.

nucleus

Digestive cells produce and secrete many enzymes that break down ingested food. These cells have a large number of ribosomes __________.

on the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Flagella and cilia are both composed of tubulin subunits. Despite this similarity, key differences exist between these two structures. For example, __________.

only cilia move as a coordinated team

You have identified a new organism. It has ribosomes, plasmodesmata, and cell walls made of cellulose. This new organism is most likely a(n) __________.

plant

Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through a(n) _____.

plasmodesma

Which of the following would distinguish a bacterial cell from an animal cell?

presence of a cell wall

Which of the following structure(s) is/are found in prokaryotic cells?

ribosomes

Pancreatic cells secrete lots of proteins. With this in mind, which of the following organelles would be especially abundant in pancreatic cells?

rough endoplasmic reticulum

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____.

secrete a lot of material

smooth ER

site of protein synthesis

The term resolving power refers to _____.

the clarity of the image in showing two objects as separate

In eukaryotic cells the first step in protein synthesis is the _____.

transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA

Which microscope would be best suited to the measurement of the internal structures of a bacterial cell?

transmission electron microscope

ribosome

works with mRNA to synthesize protein