Bio Chapter 4

Most of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is in the _____.

nucleus

Which of the following cytoplasmic structures functions in the transport of vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus? Which of the following cytoplasmic structures functions in the transport of vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus? 1) microtubules 2) microfilaments 3) actin filaments 4) intermediate filaments

1) microtubles

The purpose of cellular respiration is the production of __________.

ATP

One function of the central vacuole in plant cells is facilitating cell growth: the central vacuole absorbs water and increases in size, expanding the volume and size of the plant cell while doing so. Animal cells, however, do not grow by this method. What is an essential difference between animal and plant cells that could explain how a plant cell can withstand this expansion of the central vacuole?

The plant cell wall provides a more rigid structure.

What do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common?

They are constructed of interrelated membranes.

What are the three organelles that plant cells have but animal cells do not?

chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall

Plant cells have two energy-related organelles. ________________ harness light energy to create sugars and ________________ break down these sugars to create ATP.

chloroplasts; mitochondria

Where would ribosomes be located that are responsible for producing enzymes which play a role in sugar metabolism?

cytosol

The internal skeleton of a cell is composed of _____.

microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilament

Where are chlorophyll molecules located within the chloroplasts?

embedded in the thylakoid membrane

Which organelles comprise the endomembrane system of a cell?

endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome

The ____________________ builds compounds, whereas the ________________ breaks things down.

endoplasmic reticulum; lysosome

what does the extracellular matrix do?

it holds cells together

The cells of a person with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) swell with a buildup of fatty acids. In other words, fatty acids are not being broken down. Which organelle is most likely failing to function correctly?

lysosome

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?

lysosome

Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____.

metabolically active

Flagella and cilia are both composed of tubulin subunits. Despite this similarity, key differences exist between these two structures. For example, __________.

only cilia move as a coordinated team

Animal cells are surrounded by a(n) ________________, whereas plant cells are also surrounded by a(n) ________________ .

plasma membrane; cell wall

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

synthesizing receptor proteins

What name is given to the process in which a strand of DNA is used as a template for the manufacture of a strand of pre-mRNA?

transcription

What name is given to the process in which the information encoded in a strand of mRNA is used to construct a protein?

translation

A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually used to build a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the _____.

Golgi apparatus