BIO EXAM 2 (Ch. 4-8)

As a result of glycolysis, there is a net gain of ________ ATPs

2

If there are 20 centromeres in a cell, how many chromosomes are there?

20

The number of ATP produced during aerobic cellular respiration from one glucose molecule is

36-38

The plasma membrane is said to be a fluid - mosaic model because it contains

A mosaic of phospholipids suspended within a protein bilayer

Considering the ATP cycle, which of the following would have the most potential energy to perform work for cell activities?

ATP

The energy of the electrons passing along the electron transport chain is used to produce

ATP

What molecule most directly provides the energy you need for your muscles to contract?

ATP

identify which of the following statements is not true

ATP is comprised of a sugar, base, and two phosphate groups

Cells grown in a petri dish tend to divide until they form a thin layer covering the bottom of the dish. If cells are removed from the middle of the dish, the cells bordering the open space will begin dividing until they have filled the empty space. What does this experiment show?

All answers are valid and correct

Rick has a high incidence of cancer in his family. Four of the following five statements are preventative measures to avoid cancer. Which of the following is not correct?

Avoid a high-fiber, low-sodium diet

Refer to the figure below. Differentiated cells, such as nerve cells, would be in which of the following stages of the cell cycle?

B

Chromosomes are made from

Condensed chromatin

The G2 checkpoint prevents the cell cycle from continuing until

DNA is completely replicated and damage to DNA can be repaired.

Simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it

Does not require energy from the cell

Molecules move from greater to lesser concentration through a transport protein in

Facilitated diffusion

The light reactions of photosynthesis are said to be similar to a battery because they form a current. In which direction do the electrons of this current flow?

H2O-PSII-chlorophyll b-PSI-chlorophyll a-NADPH

How does ATP synthase obtain the energy to produce ATP

Hydrogen ions flow down a concentration gradient from the thylakoid space to the stroma through ATP synthase, releasing energy that can be used to produce ATP from ADP + Pi.

Simple diffusion of molecules occurs

In nonliving systems as well as living systems

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the events of the cell cycle?

Interphase consists of G1, S, and G2.

Energy of activation

Is the energy required for molecules to react with each other

Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are similar in that they both produce

NADH and ATP

The opposite of a turgid plant cell is a

Plasmolyzed plant cell

Which items in the following pairs are correctly matched?

S phase - DNA replication

A mutation results in a cell that no longer produces a normal protein kinase for the M-phase checkpoint. Which of the following would likely be the immediate result of this mutation?

The cell would never leave metaphase.

Which of the following is best associated with a coupled reaction

The metabolic reaction requires energy from ATP

What prevents a plant cell from bursting in a hypotonic solution

The presence of a cell wall

What would happen if NAD+ were not available for cellular respiration

There would be a great reduction in the number of ATP formed

Energy is released from ATP when

a phosphate group is removed from ATP yielding ADP + P + energy

ATP releases energy when

a phosphate is removed

The product of the preparatory reaction is

acetyl-CoA

What must pyruvate be converted into before it can enter the citric acid cycle?

acetyl-CoA

The citric acid cycle starts with ________ and yields ________

acetyl-CoA, NAD, FAD, and ADP; carbon dioxide, NADH, FADH2, and ATP

Which of the following organisms can perform photosynthesis

algae

which is an example of potential energy rather than kinetic energy?

an apple made up of energy-rich macromolecules

Without receptor proteins, a cell would not be able to

bind to signal proteins from other parts of the body

The cristae of a mitochondrion are critical

both as a site for the electron transport chain and creating a space for concentration of H+

Apoptosis

can be used to remove damaged or malfunctioning cells

Which of the following is not part of the cytoskeleton

centrioles

_________ are involved in the movement of the cell

cilia and flagella

As electrons are passed down the electron transport chain, the energy released is used immediately to

concentrate H+ in the intermembrane space

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in that they both

contain DNA

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

cytoplasm

As a cell increases in size, its surface area to volume ratio

decreases

Which of the following terms best describes entropy?

disorder

When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible?

during mitosis

Which of the following is not a characteristic of cancer cells

ells that spend 90% of their lifetime in interphase

When a car burns gasoline, much of the energy is released in the form of heat. Which of the following best describes this process in relation to the first law of thermodynamics?

energy can be changed from one form to another

Which of the following is not a mechanism used to move materials in and out of the cell

feedback inhibition

The function of a photosystem is to

funnel electrons to a central chlorophyll a molecule.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?

glycolysis→preparatoryreaction→citric acid cycle→electron transport chain

Where do the vesicles that are being made for secretion from the cell become modified and packaged?

golgi pparatus

The stack of thylakoids labeled "A" in this figure is called

granum

What would occur in a cell if the production of cyclins halted during the cell cycle?

he cell would remain in the G2 phase and would not enter into mitosis

All of the following statements are true about mitosis except

he cells arising from mitosis contain only half of the necessary genetic material

While Jeff was looking under the microscope at cells in different stages of mitosis, he commented on the fact that many cells were in the same stage. If you were looking under the compound light microscope at an onion root tip, in what stage of the cell cycle would the majority of the cells be?

interphase

What organelle is used during the process of cellular respiration?

mitochondria

_______ move materials between the organelles of the endomembrane systems

nuclear pores

Below is a diagram of a bacterium. What structure does Y represent?

nucleoid

DNA and histones form bead-like globules known as

nucleosomes

The final acceptor for hydrogen ions in aerobic cellular respiration is

oxygen

Which of the following is not a product of cellular respiration?

oxygen

Fermentation occurs if

oxygen is not present

The final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain is ________, resulting in formation of________

oxygen; water

Susan was examining a cell under the microscope and noticed the formation of a cell plate in the midline of the cell and the formation of nuclei at opposite poles of the cell. The cell under examination was most likely a(n)

plant cell undergoing cytokinesis

Plant cells can communicate with each other via ________, as indicated by the arrow in the figure

plasmodesmata

Which of the following is an incorrect match of process to location?

preparatory reaction - cristae of mitochondria

Both plants and animals need mitochondria to

produce ATP

Which of the following is not a possible function of the extracellular matrix in animal cells?

produces numerous channels for continuous flow of water from cell to cell

The figure below shows a cell in the mitotic stage of

prophase

A product of glycolysis is

pyruvate

What is oxidation

removal of H+ ions to form new molecules

Which of these structures are involved in protein synthesis

ribosome

Which of the following is the correct sequence for an altered protein that is secreted from the cell?

rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - plasma membrane

The structures labeled "d" in the following figure are called

sister chromatids

The spindle serves two roles in mitotic cell division. These are to separate the

sister chromatids and to elongate the cell

which of the following is an incorrect match?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum - storage of water

The term metastasis refers to the fact that cancer cells tend to

spread

A proto-oncogene differs from a tumor suppressor gene because a proto-oncogene

stimulates mitosis in a normal cell, whereas a tumor suppressor gene inhibits mitosis

Embryonic cells and cancer cells are similar because

telomerase is active

Eukaryotic cells move their organelles using

the cytoskeleton

Inside the chloroplasts, chlorophyll is found in the

thylakoid membrane

The innermost compartment of a chloroplast formed by the interconnected thylakoids is the

thylakoid space

Which of the following can be viewed only with an electron microscope

virus

The products of fermentation depend on the type of organism carrying out the process. Yeasts are used to produce

wine, beer, and bread with alcohol fermentation