BIO EXAM 2 REVIEW

Of the approximately 7.5 billion people on Earth, how many lack access to safe drinking water?

1.1 billion

The United Nations Development Programme estimates that by 2025 _______ of the world's population will live in water-stressed areas.

40%

Charles Darwin and _______________ both observed similar patterns in other organisms and independently conceived a mechanism to explain how and why such changes could take place.

Alfred Russell Wallace

Which of the following are examples of water supplies that have been depleted by humans?

All of the answers are examples of water supplies that have been depleted.

With removal of groundwater, which of the following may result?

All of these may result.

Which of the following statements about members of the Domain Bacteria is NOT correct?

Archaeans are more common on the skin of humans compared to bacteria.

Why is global total water use growing even faster than the human population is growing?

As standards of living have improved, people conserve less water.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding bottled water?

Bottled water is treated with potentially carcinogenic chemicals.

Which of the following statements about evolution is correct?

Evolution occurs at the population level and relies upon genetic variation that was already present in the population.

____________ can be the result of high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus from fertilizers finding their way into water systems.

Harmful algal blooms

Which one of the following is NOT true regarding the "Love Canal Disaster?"

Many homes had to be evacuated due to contamination from various biological agents.

If you analyzed waste water directly after primary treatment, what would you notice?

Many suspended solids have been removed.

Which of the following is NOT a major finding of the United Nation's "GE Crop Report?"

Significant improvements in nutritional content have been made with many GE crops.

Effective dose-50%, or ED-50, describes which one of the following?

The dose that results in a significant response in 50% of subjects

Which of the following is a significant difference between traditional breeding and modern genetic engineering of our food crops?

The results of traditional breeding are more unpredictable than with modern genetic engineering.

By definition, what are you most likely to find in a biodiversity hotspot?

a large number of endemic species

What can you do to help prevent exposure to BPA?

a. Don't microwave polycarbonate plastic food containers. b. Avoid plastics that are marked with recycle codes 3 or 7, as they may be made with BPA. c. Reduce your use of canned foods. When possible, opt for glass, porcelain or stainless-steel containers. d. Use baby bottles that are BPA free. e. All of these can help you prevent exposure to BPA.

Which of the following threatens the Earth's biodiversity?

a. invasive species b. overharvesting c. global climate change d. habitat loss e. all of these answers are correct

Mass extinctions _________

a. reduce the number of species on Earth b. have happened at least 5 times in the geologic past c. include the 6th one that is occurring right now d. may be related to global climate change e. all of these statements about mass extinctions are correct.

The Aral Sea is not the only freshwater body that has shrunk significantly due to human diversions of water. Which of the lakes listed below also has shrunken significantly?

a.the Dead Sea in the Middle East b. Owens Lake in California c. Lake Chad in Africa d. Lake Manchar in Pakistan e. All of these lakes have shrunk significantly due to human water diversions.

Approximately how many people in the world go hungry each night?

about 10%

You belong to the Domain Eukarya, Kingdom _______.

animalia

The US National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, along with other organizations such as the American Medical Association, have determined that GE crops

are safe to consume

_______________ are organisms that can create their own food, usually through the process of photosynthesis.

autotrophs

The study of the distribution of the world's species both in the past and in the present is known by what term?

biogeography

The factors that affect human health are divided into which two categories?

biological and chemical agents

Which of the following is NOT an emerging disease?

cancer

The pesticide DDT is an example of which one of the following?

chemical agent

The _______________ is the U.S. environmental law that maintains and restores water quality.

clean water act

One of the most important steps that we must take to protect biodiversity and our environment is to

control our population growth.

For individuals living in areas where no freshwater is available, which one of the following would produce water that could be used for drinking?

desalination

Which taxonomic category is most broad and inclusive?

domain

All living organisms on Earth are made up of

either eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells, but not both

You are the world's foremost expert on lizards. You have traveled the world extensively and have found that a particular species of lizard is found only in one desert near of the Chilean Andes. Which of following terms, with regard to its distribution, can be definitively applied to this species?

endemic

Amongst the public, __________ and ___________ are the main concerns about genetically engineered food crops. Scientific studies, however, do not suggest that there should be so much concern.

environmental risks; health risks

Antibiotic resistance in organisms is the result of what process?

evolution

True or false: Bioremediation usually involves "pump and treat."

false

You are working as a biologist for a team surveying biodiversity in the Amazon rainforest. You find a non-motile organism that grows in the soil, has eukaryotic cells, and is heterotrophic. Which one of the following could potentially describe this species

fungus

Which of the following levels would contain members that are the most similar to one another (the least amount of variation among members)?

genus

Converting a prairie to a farm field is an example of ________

habitat loss

The largest mass poisoning of a population in history occurred accidentally because shallow water wells in Bangladesh contained high levels of arsenic, a ____________ .

heavy metal

The threats to biodiversity on Earth all stem from what shared factor?

human population growth

Which one of the following would most help to prevent a dead zone from forming in a water body that is already experiencing eutrophication?

increase the oxygen concentration in the water

Adding water to a recharge area would have what practical effect?

increased amount of groundwater

From the perspective of human health, malnutrition is important because it

is an important contributor to child mortality.

What kind of ecosystem is especially vulnerable to the effects of introduced (exotic) species?

islands

Which one of the following statements is FALSE regarding selective breeding?

it is reliant upon modern, lab-based methods

Which of the following groupings are in the correct order from broadest to most narrow?

kingdom, phylum, class

_________ is a naturally occurring metal that is used in the manufacture of many products. It was banned from many common products in the United States because it is a carcinogen, is fatal at high doses, and is linked impaired mental and physical growth in children at low doses.

lead

Which one of the following would be described as anthropogenic?

logging a forest

Fertilizers applied to residential lawns and gardens can end up in water bodies through the process of surface run-off or movement through ground water. This type of pollution would be considered

non-point source.

Approximately 97% of all water on Earth is found in what reservoir?

oceans

Which two extinction risks may be a direct result of the pet trade?

overharvesting and exotic species introduction

Which one of the following is not a naturally-occurring element that may be hazardous to human health

phthalate

Which of the following is an example of a biological agent that effects human health?

pneumonia

Which of the following, although definitely a problem, is not one of the three greatest proximate threats to biodiversity?

pollution

Which one of the following is most directly associated with radon?

radiation

Potatoes, tomatoes, and tobacco were are developed by humans many thousands of years ago by the genetic modification of wild nightshade species. Specifically, these crops were developed using

selective breeding

Which one of the following regions has obesity rates that are lower than rates of undernourishment?

south asia

You are working as an environmental toxicologist for the government. Your results indicate that a particular chemical causes birth defects. Which one of the following best describes the effects of this chemical?

teratogen

Which one of the following is NOT one of the four pillars of food security?

transformation

Which one of the following is an example of bioremediation

using plants to remove toxic metals from soils following a mining operation

You are studying a river and notice that it contains chemical waste. You have thoroughly searched the entire length of the stream and ruled out that the waste is directly entering the stream. Instead, the waste must by entering by one of its many tributary streams. Because these streams empty into the river you are studying, they must be within the same

watershed

Which of the following are staple food crops?

wheat and sugar cane