bio exam 3

After dinosaurs became extinct, the number of mammal species increased greatly. What process applies to this example? A) Eukaryotic development B) Endosymbiosis C) Adaptive radiation D) Competition

Adaptive radiation

Photosynthesis is the production of carbohydrates and oxygen (a waste product) from carbon dioxide, sunlight and water. What, if any, additional substances are needed to make carbohydrates from these "raw material"?

Additional water, chlorophyll. macronutrients, micronutrients

What plant group includes almost all agricultural plants?

Angiosperm

What free-living organisms developed into Both mitochondria and chloroplasts? A) Bacteria B) Animals C) Protists D) Plants

Bacteria

Organisms that can perform photosynthesis include members of which of the following kingdoms?

Bacteria, Protista and Plantae

Nitrogen-fixing is performing by___and results in___.

Bacteria: increased levels of nitrogen in soil.

As a whole, most bacteria are harmful to human life, which is why we have to be so careful in coming into contact with any bacteria

False

Cladistics is a unique field of study to biology because the relationships that we described have been proven to be correct based on analysis of DNA.

False

Organisms on Earth are currently classified first as either plant or animal

False

About one-third of all antibiotics that kill bacteria are derived from members of which kingdom?

Fungi

Which kingdom would include an organism that is multicellular, relies on other organisms for food, and reproduces by spores? A) Protista B) Fungi C) Plantae D) Animalia

Fungi

Dr. Smith has discovered a bird that he believes is a new species. Dr. Wilson says he will only be convinced if Dr. Smith finds several more birds of the same type. Why might Dr. Wilson feel this way

He wants to be sure that the bird Dr. Smith found isn't just an unusual example of an already-described species

Mosses and ferns differ from gymnosperms and angiosperms in their reproductive strategies in which of the following ways?

Mosses and ferns rely on liquid water fertilization, whereas angiosperms and gymnosperms do not need liquid water for fertilization.

Which of the following are true statements comparing fungi and plants?

Plants perform photosynthesis, whereas fungi consume other organisms for nutrients.

Plants possess many compounds that affect animals. What explains these plant characteristics?

Plants that produce chemical defenses were successful against animals

How are prokaryotes different from eukaryotes?

Prokaryotes have no nucleus separating the DNA from the rest of the cell.

Which Eukarya kingdom could be divided into more kingdoms based on new genetic analyses of evolutionary relationships? A) Animalia B) Protista C) Plantae D) Fungi

Protista

What is a major role fungi play in an ecosystem

Recycling nutrients from dead organisms back into the food chain

What type of growth does a plant exhibit when its trunk gets thicker?

Secondary

Biologists who specialize in describing and categorizing species, and then organizing and categorizing the various species into groups that have a degree of relatedness are called

Systematists

Which of these facts provides the best support for the hypothesis that plants evolved from green algae?

The chloroplasts of plants and green algae all have both chlorophyll a and b.

In what way is a member of domain Archaea similar to a member of domain Bacteria?

They are both prokaryotic cells.

It's possible for the same species to be categorized under two different names in different natural history museums around the world

True

Reducing your meat consumption is one strategy to reduce the environmental impact of modern agricultural.

True

The primary reason they are not classified with living organism is that they are unable to maintain homeostasis and are incapable of growth or reproduction without the assistance of another organism.

True

Which statement describes viruses

Viruses use host cells to make more viruses

Which sequence lists classification groups in order from most broad to most specific? A) domain, kingdom, phylum, species B) kingdom, species, phylum, domain C) species, phylum, domain, kingdom D) phylum, kingdom, domain, species

a

A tuber is

an enlargement of an underground stem

Most modern plants are members of which phylum? What structure unique to this phylum do these plants bear or produce?

anthophyta, flowers

Which structure is the growing tip of a plant stem?

apical meristem

Domesticated plants, which make up most of today's crops, are the result of

artificial selection

Which one of the following is a defining characteristic of plants but not of animals?

autotrophic

What are the "eyes" of a white potato actually?

axillary buds

How does the adaptation of natural antibiotic production benefit Fungi? A) Bacteria use Fungi for food B) Bacteria compete with Fungi for the same food sources C) Bacteria can survive as spores in extreme conditions D) Bacteria inhibits the reproduction of Fungi

b

How do fungi obtain nutrients?

by secreting chemicals that break down food and then absorbing it

Anthers and stigmas are found on: a) bryophytes. b) fungi. c) angiosperms. d) gymnosperms. e) all of the above.

c

Which kingdom of organisms should be included in a search for new drugs that work like aspirin? A) Fungi B) Animalia C) Plantae D) Protista

c

Which of the following is a form of cultural control to minimize pest populations?

crop rotation

In most cases, the relationship between roots and fungi in mycorrhizae can best be described as: a) mycelium. b) competition. c) trickery. d) symbiosis. e) parasitism.

d

What is the result of adaptive radiation? A) The extinction of one species and the replacement of another B) Convergent evolution in which unrelated species take similar forms C) Symbiosis between eukaryotes and Prokaryotes D) The diversification of one or a few species into a varied group of descendants

d

White wheat flour is made from the tissue within the wheat kernel that nourishes the developing wheat embryo. What is this tissue called?

endosperm

Of the four kingdoms in the domain Eukarya, which one is most likely to be split into two or more new kingdoms as scientists perform more genetic analyses on evolutionary relationships

kingdom protista

What evolutionary development allowed plants to grow tall?

lignified vascular tissue

The Cambrian explosion is a period in Earth's history when what significant event occurred

multicellular animals first appeared

Which kingdom would include an organism that is multicellular and makes its own food? A) Fungi B) Bacteria C) Animalia D) Plantae

plantae

What are the tiny, absorptive structures on the root cells near the root tip?

root hairs

Name the organism and the kingdom it belongs to that can do the following; grow on dead material; attract other cells to itself; help form a slug; and travel to a more optimal location to gain nutrients.

slime mold,Protista

In order to construct an evolutionary classification of modern-day aquatic vertebrates, what is the the best source of information?

the DNA sequence

Which of the following animal traits would be of most interest to bioprospectors

their ability to produce food

Primary growth of plant roots occurs at the____of the root. Roots grow laterally from a central core of tissue.

tip; meristemic