Bio Exam

Which of the following combinations of molecules illustrated could be linked to form a nucleotide?

11, 12 and 13

In the attached figure, which of the following molecules act as building blocks (monomers) of polypeptides?

2, 7 and 8

In the attached figure which molecule has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and is found in plasma membranes?

5

In the attached figure, Which molecule is a saturated fatty acid?

9

Which component in the figure is a protein fiber of the extracellular matrix?

A

The partial negative charge at one end of a water molecule is attracted to the partial postive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction called?

A hydrogen bond.

A newly discovered unicellular organism isolated from acidic mine drainage is found to contain a cell wall, a plasma menbrane, two flagella and peroxisomes. Based just on this information, the organsm is most likely

A motile eukaryote

The figure shows the structures of the glucose and frutose. These two molecules differ in the

Arrangement of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

A researcher claims that only a portion of the light energy captured by green plants is available for growth and repair. Which of the following observations best helps justify the researcher's claim?

As light energy is converted to chemical energy by metabolic processes, some of the energy is lost as heat.

Which component in the figure is plays a critical role in cell-cell recognition?

B

Butterflies of the genus Colias live in the Rocky Mountains, where they experience a wide range of temperatures. Different variants of a particular glycolytic enzyme in the flight muscles are optimally active at different temperatures. Within the same population, some individual butterflies fly most effectively at 29C, whiles others fly most effectively at 40C. Still others can be equally active at both temperatures. Which of the following claims is most consistent with the observed butterfly behavior?

Butterflies that express two variants of the enzyme are active over a greater range of temperature.

Which component in the figure is a microfilament (actin filament) of the cytoskeleton?

C

According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membrance, phospholipids

Can move laterally along the plane of the membrane

About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which 4 of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living water?

Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen

Amino Acids are acids because they always possess ___________________ as the functional group.

Carboxyl

Both the volume and the surface area for three different cells were measured. These values are listed in the attached table. Using the data from the table, select the best explanation for why that cell will be able to eliminate waste most efficiently?

Cell 2 since it has the highest surface area-to-colume ratio which facilitates the exchange of materials between a cell and its environment.

Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system?

Chloroplast

Thylakoids, DNA and ribosomes are all components found in

Chloroplasts

In the attached figure, which of the following molecules is a purine nitrogenous base?

D

Which component in the figure is hydrophilic?

D

High temperatues or various chemical treatments will denature a protein causing it to lose its shape and hence its ability to function. If a denatured protein remains dissolved it often renatures when its normal physical or chemical environment is restored as shown in the diagram below. Which statement best explains the connection between the sequence and subcomponents of a protein and its properties?

D Ask Teacher

Which component in the figure is cholesterol?

E

Which of the following is a majordifference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

Eaukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Which of the following is not a polymer?

Glucose

Either a glucose molecule or a water molecule can fit in the active site of hexokinase. The presence of a water molecule in hexokinase's active site woutl result in the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP instead of conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate. Which of the following statements helps explain the reaction specificity of hexokinase?

Glucose has the right shape and charge to cause hexokinase to undergo a structural change needed for catalysis, whereas water does not.

Which of the following organelles produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?

Golgi Apparatus

Which of the following statements orrectly describes osmosis?

In osmosis, water moves across a membrane from areas of lower solute concentration to areas of higher solute concentration.

Trace elements are those required by an organism in only minute quantities. Which of the following is a trace element that is required by humans and other vertebrates, but not by other organisms such as bacteria or plants?

Iodine

Which of the following questions will best direct an investigation of mechanism of ATP?

Is the phosphorylation of ADP by ATP synthase dependent on the formation of a proton gradient.

Which of the following statements best justifies the inclusion of test tube V as a control in the experiment?

It will show the color change that occurs in the absence of enzyme activity.

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is true?

Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubulesto move relative to each other.

An intermediate electron acceptor for oxidations that occur in both glycolysis and in Krebs cycle reactions

NAD+

Which of the following processes includes all of the others?

Passive Transport

Which of the following types of molecules are hydrophilic and therefore excluded from the hydrophobic protion of the phospholipid bilayer?

Peripheral membrane proteins

A cell with a prefominance of rough endoplasmic reticulum is most likely

Producing large quantities of proteins for secretion

In the fractionation of homogenized cells using the differential centrifugation, which of the following will require the greatest speed to form pellets at the bottom of the tube?

Ribosomes

Which of the following are found in platn, animal and bacterial cells?

Ribosomes

Which of the following would be the most appropriate method to observe the movements of condensed chromosomes during cell division?

Standard Light Microscopy

The figure shows the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules

Structural isomers

A cell with a predominance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is likely specialized to

Synthesize Large quantities of lipids

Which of the following statement correctly describes any chemical reaction that has reached equilibrium?

The rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.

Which of the following statements is true about the Krebs (citric acid) cycle and the Calvin (light-independent cycle)?

They both are carried out by enzymes located within an organelle matrix.

Which of the following is a hydrophobi material?

Wax

The element present in all organic molecules is

carbon

According to the chemiosmotic theory (chemiosmotic coupling), the energy required to move protons from the mitochondrial matric to the intermembrane space against a concentration gradient comes most directly from

electrons flowing along the electron transport chain

Organic molecules with only hydrogens and five carbon atoms cannot

form enantiomers

According to the fluid mosaic model, a membrane

is composed of a fluid bilayer of phospoholipids with embedded amphipathic.

A bacterium engulfed by a white blood cell through phagocytosis will be digested by enzymes contained in

lysosomes

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

mitochondrion

Oxygen consumption can be used as a measure of metabolic rate because oxygen is

necessary for ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation

Hydrophobic substances such as a vegeatble oil are

nonpolar substances that repel water molecules.

Using the attached figure - - based on your knowledge of the polarity of water molecules, the solute molecule depicted is most likely

positively charged

Which of the following frequently imposes a limit on cell size?

ratios of surface area to volume

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere dissolves with the raindrops. The pH of raindrops is

slightly acidic