bio exam

What part of the heart wall is composed of thin endothelium that lines the heart chambers?

Endocardium

What is not contained in the plasma of blood?

Hemoglobin

A separated sample of blood reveals the hematocrit composes 72 percent of the volume of blood while the plasma contributes 38 percent of the blood volume. The buffy coat makes up less than 1 percent of this sample. Which is likely the correct interpretation of these findings?

Polycythemia

Which vessels return oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium of the heart?

Pulmonary veins

Which of the following components of an ECG represents ventricular depolarization?

QRS complex

Which term means heart contraction?

Systole

The path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is ________.

arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins

The condition in which fetal RBCs are destroyed faster than the infant liver can rid the body of the breakdown products of hemoglobin is called ________.

hemolytic disease of the newborn

Hereditary bleeding disorders that result from lack of clotting factors are referred to as ________.

hemophilia

A decrease in tissue oxygen is called ________.

hypoxia

Erythrocytes ________.

lack a nucleus and most organelles

In a centrifuged blood sample, the buffy coat situated between the formed elements and the plasma contains ________.

leukocytes and platelets

Pulmonary circulation involves blood flow to and from the heart and the ________.

lungs

The driving force for blood flow through the systemic circuit is ________.

mean arterial pressure

Where is the cardiovascular control center?

medulla oblongata

Platelets are fragments of a multinucleate cell known as a(n) ________.

megakaryocyte

The layer of the heart wall that receives the stimulus from letter E is called the ________.

myocardium

A stubborn infection continues to persist for Nyisha. A blood test reveals a bacterial infection, which is confirmed by an excessive number of ________.

neutrophils

Which blood type lacks antigens for the ABO blood group yet carries anti-A and anti-B antibodies?

o

The condition in which fetal RBCs are destroyed faster than the infant liver can rid the body of the breakdown products of hemoglobin is called ________.

physiologic jaundice

Life at a high altitude, where less oxygen is available, can lead to a red blood cell disorder known as ________.

polycythemia

The region of the heart that acts as the heart's pacemaker is called the

sa node

You notice a missing P wave on a patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) and believe there is a problem with the ________.

sinoatrial (SA) node

The correct sequence of layers of a typical blood vessel, from superficial to deep, are ________.

tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima

Which blood type lacks antigens for the ABO blood group yet carries anti-A and anti-B antibodies?

type O

The vessel that carries oxygen-rich and nutrient-rich blood to the fetus is the ________.

umbilical vein

A recent blood test shows that Mr. Jimenez's total WBC count exceeded 11,000 cells/mm3. What is most likely his condition?

Leukocytosis

Which organ is largely responsible for the synthesis of clotting factors?

Liver

What does the umbilical vein carry?

Oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus

Which of the following blood disorders is more likely to occur as we age?

Pernicious anemia

Where does hematopoiesis occur to produce new red blood cells?

Red bone marrow

What lowers the risk of coronary artery disease?

Regular, moderate exercise

Which of the following statements is NOT accurate with respect to erythrocytes?

They migrate into infected regions of tissue

Which of these is a potential consequence of smoking on the cardiovascular system?

a higher risk of atherosclerosis

If damage to the AV node slowed down conduction through this tissue, what would be observed on an ECG?

a longer PR interval

Which of the following characterizes leukopenia?

abnormally low number of leukocytes

When antibodies bind to antigens on foreign blood types, clumping or ________ occurs.

agglutination

Which of the following would decrease the rate of blood flow through a blood vessel?

all of th above

For a person with blood type A, the body perceives blood type B as a(n) ________.

antigen

Erythrocytes are synthesized in the ________ under the control of ________.

bone marrow : erythropoietin

Which of the following will occur within the systemic capillary beds?

both A and C - net flux of carbon dioxide into the capillaries - net flux of oxygen out of the capillaries

A small mass of specialized muscle on the back wall of the right atrium, also known as the pacemaker, is medically known as what?

cardiopulmonary node

Compatibility testing for agglutination of donor RBCs by the recipients' serum is called ________.

cross matching

The term autorhythmicity refers to the heart's ability to ________.

generate its own contractile cycle

If you carry the Rh antigen, you are referred to as Rh ________.

positive

The capability of white blood cells to locate areas of damaged tissue and infection by responding to certain chemicals is ________.

positive chemotaxis

Placing pressure on a cut will constrict blood vessels manually, and encourages ________.

vascular spasms

Which of the following have valves to prevent blood from flowing backwards?

vein

Blood pressure is lowest in

veins

The immune serum used to prevent maternal sensitization to Rh antigens is ________.

RhoGAM

"Diver's reflex" is a response to diving in many aquatic mammals and also occurs in humans upon submersion in water. It is characterized by physiological changes that decrease oxygen consumption, such as a slowed heart rate. Which region of the heart would be directly affected by the nervous system to allow for the slowing of heart rate?

SA node

Why do you think Mrs. Gonzalez was prescribed heparin, an anticoagulant?

To inhibit the formation of clots

Which one of the following represents the proper sequence of hemostasis?

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

Which of the following describes atrial diastole?

Ventricles passively filling with blood

What region of the cardiovascular system contains valves?

heart and veins

An important plasma protein that contributes to the osmotic pressure of blood is ________.

albumin

Carbonic acid reversibly dissociates to form ________ and ________, without the need of an enzyme.

bicarbonate : hydrogen ion

While cross matching an unknown blood type, agglutination was observed with anti-A serum only. This blood type is ________.

blood type A

The first heart sound, "lub," is caused by the closure of the ________ valves.

pulmonary

The alternating expansion and recoil of an artery that occurs with each beat of the left ventricle creates a pressure wave known as a ________.

pulse

In patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), which of the following would you expect to see from a weakened heart?

Decreased cardiac output and stroke volume

Which of the following increases heart rate?

Epinephrine

What does fibrin contribute to the process of coagulation?

Fibrin forms a meshwork that traps RBCs and forms the basis of the clot.

________ provide the pathway for the movement of electrical current between the cells of the conduction pathway and the ventricular myocytes.

Gap junctions

Which group of white blood cells includes the neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils?

Granulocytes

Pain can overstimulate the vagus nerve. Appraise the following, and determine the likely outcome for an overstimulated vagus nerve.

Heart rate slows.

Which of the following enforces a contraction rate of 75 beats per minute as the pacemaker of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Which of these steps of hemostasis results in the creation of long, hairlike molecules of insoluble fibrin?

The reaction between thrombin and fibrinogen

What is the process whereby the binding of antibodies to antigens causes RBCs to clump?

Agglutination

Which valve is closed during heart relaxation to prevent blood from backflowing from the aorta into the heart?

Aortic semilunar valve

Which phase of the cardiac cycle immediately follows the isovolumetric relaxation phase?

Atrial diastole

A person with type B blood can receive blood from blood type(s) ________.

B,O

Shakira is taking an antihistamine medication due to several itchy mosquito bites. This medication blocks the release of histamine from ________.

Basophils

Which blood type contains the A antigen only?

Blood type A

Molly has blood type A and her daughter has blood type B. Why can't Molly donate blood to her daughter?

Blood type B contains anti-A antibodies, which will agglutinate type A blood.

Which blood type(s) can a person with blood type O receive?

Blood type O

What is the final step of hemostasis in which the formation of a blood clot is accomplished?

Coagulation

The primary mechanism for exchange of substances across the capillary wall is ________.

diffusion

The layer of the heart wall synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is ________.

epicardium

The transportation of oxygen in the blood is the responsibility of ________.

erythrocytes

What hematopoietic growth factor controls red blood cell synthesis, and what organ releases it?

erythropoietin : kidney

The walls of the ________ are substantially thicker because that chamber acts as the more powerful systemic pump of the heart.

left ventricle

Jordan works in a hematology lab and processed a blood report showing 22,000 white blood cells/mm3 of blood for a patient. He suspects this patient has a bacterial infection leading to ________.

leukocytosis

Coronary artery disease results from ________.

the accumulation of fatty, calcified deposits within blood vessels

The process by which bleeding is stopped is called ________.

Homostasis

What is the flow of blood through a capillary bed called?

Microcirculation

What statement best describes the hepatic portal system?

Nutrients and toxins picked up from capillaries in the stomach and intestine are transported to the liver for processing via the hepatic portal vein.

Blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the ________.

aorta